In this paper, the question about automatic brightness control for x-ray imaging systems based on CCD camera is discussed, and the structure and principle of an auto brightness control loop are analyzed along with the working procedure of the x-ray imaging system. A kind of digital brightness controller about a typical device and the designing idea of the computer brightness intelligent control software is introduced.
Algorithms ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Radiation Protection ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; instrumentation ; Radiography ; instrumentation ; X-Ray Intensifying Screens

Isolation of high-quality genomic DNA from dried and processed crude drug is the key for the DNA identification of Dendrobii Caulis. The DNA extract of Dendrobii Caulis was firstly compared using different method to isolate genomic DNA from dried and processed crude drug, including commercial DNA extracted kit and CTAB method. Using modified CTAB method (extracted from large samples), the genomic DNA was successfully isolated from Dendrobii Caulis, including Huangcao and Fengdou. The ITS regions were amplified using the purified DNA as template, and then cloned and sequenced. These ITS sequences were compared with data from Genbank database and our lab, 14 Dendrobium species and five similar species were identified from "Huangcao" and "Huangcao" slice, while six species and three similar species from "Fengdou" according to their sequence similarity. The study demonstrated that the dried Dendrobii Caulis could be identified using DNA molecular method, which could overcome deficiencies and limitations of traditional identification method and has a certain application prospects.
DNA, Intergenic ; genetics ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Dendrobium ; classification ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

OBJECTIVETo compare the difference in the clinical efficacy on posterior circulation ischemia between acupuncture at stellate ganglion and conventional acupuncture as well as the impacts on blood pressure.

METHODSEighty cases of posterior circulation ischemia were randomized into an observation group (40 cases) and a control group (40 cases). In the observation group, acupuncture was applied to the bilateral stellate ganglions on the neck, stimulated with reinforcing technique by rotating the needles. In the control group, the acupuncture of reducing technique was applied to Fengchi (GB 20), Baihui (GV 20), Neiguan (PC 6) and Taichong (LR 3) in the excess syndrome. The even needling or reinforcing technique was applied to Fengchi (GB 20), Baihui (GV 20), Ganshu (BL 18), Shenshu (BL 23) and Zusanli (ST 36) for the deficiency syndrome. The treatment was given once every 3 days and 4 treatments were required totally in the two groups. The changes in total syndrome score, peak Systolic blood flow velocity (Vp) of vertebral artery and basilar artery, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were compared before and after treatment in the two groups. The clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe total syndrome score was reduced apparently after treatment compared with that before treatment in the two groups (P < 0.01), and the reducing was more obvious in the observation group as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01). The total effective rate was 87.5% (35/40) in the observation group, higher than 67.5% (27/40, P < 0.05) in the control group. After treatment, the reduced Vp of vertebral artery was not improved apparently as compared with that before treatment in the control group, Vp in blood velocity abnormality (including vascular spasm, stenosis or reduced velocity) of vertebral artery and basilar artery was all improved as compared with that before treatment in the two groups (P < 0.01), and the improvements in the observation group were more obvious than those in the control group (P < 0.01). After treatment, the systolic and diastolic pressures were reduced as compared with those before treatment in the two groups, and the reduced systolic and diastolic pressures in the observation group were more apparent than those in the control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture at stellate ganglion achieves the satisfactory efficacy in the treatment of posterior circulation ischemia and the significant efficacy of reducing blood pressure, more advanced than the conventional acupuncture.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Brain Infarction ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stellate Ganglion ; physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome

Central composite design (CCD) is one of the most commonly used design methods in response surface optimization and has been widely applied in the field of pharmaceutics to optimize preparations. On the 20th anniversary of the introduction of CCD into China, the paper reviews its application in domestic pharmaceutical researches. Based on the brief introduction of basic principle and operation steps of CCD, the mistakes emerging in the application of CCD are summarized, including conceptual confusion with Box-Behnken design and face-centered CCD as well as wrong designs. Besides, the issues concerning the selection of factors and responses are discussed. The article is helpful for researchers to comprehensively understand the CCD and facilitates the rational application of this method.

Objective: To learn the awareness rate of adverse events following immunization ( AEFI ) among Chinese parents, so as to provide suggestions for promoting vaccination. Methods: We searched relevant articles published before 24th June, 2020 from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed and Web of Science, calculated the pooled awareness rate and 95% confidence interval ( CI ) , conducted Egger＇s test for publication bias and sensitivity analysis for stability of results. Results: Eight articles using cross-sectional design were included after screening from 235 initial records. Among 5 433 subjects, the pooled awareness rate of AEFI was 66.76% ( 95%CI: 52.75%-78.33% ) . Non-immigrant population possessed a higher awareness rate ( 67.32% ) compared with the immigrant population ( 56.54% ) . The parents with different levels of education showed various awareness rate of AEFI ( P<0.05 ) . The awareness rates of "children should be observed for at least 30 minutes after vaccination","slight adverse effects were commonly seen after vaccination","local redness and induration might occur after diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis ( DTP ) immunization","polio vaccine might bring mild diarrhea" were 86.18%, 66.76%, 41.89% and 30.22%, respectively. Egger＇s test showed that there was no publication bias. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were robust. Conclusion The pooled awareness rate of AEFI among Chinese parents is 66.76%, with lower rates found in the parents who are immigrants and have lower level of education.

Objective To investigate the immunological pathogenesis of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) during highly active antiretroviral therapy( HAART), in this prospective cohort study we analyzed the lymphocyte subsets, lymphocyte activation, changes in regulatory T cells, and levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in both IRIS and non-IRIS groups. Methods Two hundred and thirty-eight AIDS patients received HAART and participated prospective research cohort for 24 weeks follow-up. Forty-seven IRIS cases and 191 non-IRIS cases were enrolled in the IRIS group or non-IRIS group respectively. Blood samples were collected in both groups at pre- and post-HAART 12 weeks, 24 weeks. Using flow cytometer to detect the immunophenotypes of lymphocyte subsets (CD4 + CD45RA+ CD62L+, CD8+ CD45RA+ CD62L+naive T cells; CD4+ CD45RO+, CD8+ CD45RO+ memory T cells), activated T lymphocytes (CD4+CD38 +, CD8 + CD38 + cells), and regulatory T cell ( CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + ). Blood samples collected at pre-and post-HAART4 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and used ELISA to detect IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10and IL-7 cytokine serum levels. Results The percentages of CD4 + and CD8 + naive T cells and mlemory T cells exhibited no significant differences at the baseline, 12 weeks, 24 weeks of HAART initiation between both groups, but CD4 + and CD8 + memory T cells were demonstrated a trend towards to increase while compared to baseline during HAART. The percentages of CD4 + and CD8 + activated T cells are significantly higher at the baseline while compared to normal control and demonstrated a downward trend, but between both groups showed no significant difference. The percentages of CD4 + regulatory T cell was lower in IRIS group than non-IRIS group at the baseline, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and the onset of IRIS. Th1 cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-γshowed an upward trend during HAART at the levels of IRIS group had significantly increased at 4 weeks and the onset of IRIS. Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10 showed a downward trend during HAART,and the levels of IL-10 in IRIS group had significantly decreased at 4 weeks and the onset of IRIS. IL-7 was higher than normal control at the baseline in two groups and showed a downward trend during HAART. The level of IL-7 was higher than non-IRIS group at all follow-up points. Conclusion Memory T cells appear rapid increase in the early stage of HAART and may play a significant role in the inflammatory response of IRIS. CD4 + and CD8 + naive T cells, memory T cells and activated T cells showed no significant difference between IRIS and non-IRIS group within 24 weeks after HAART started. There was a significant reduction in the frequency of regulatory T cells in IRIS group without obvious upward trend during HAART, suggesting that the immune suppression function of regulatory T cells in IRIS was impaired. IL-2 and IFN-γ significantly increased while IL-10 significantly decreased at 4 weeks post-HAART initiation and onset of IRIS in IRISgroup than non-IRIS group, suggested that IRIS was related to cytokines environment disorder. That is, a significant increase in inflammatory cytokines, while the relative lack of non-inflammatory cytokines. The level of IL-7 decreased gradually after HAART started, and it was higher in IRIS group when compared to non-IRIS group in the first 24 weeks after HAART started. Also IL-7 may play a role in the pathogenesis of IRIS.

Abstract?AlM:To investigate the influence of lOL refractive index ( Rl ) on measurement of straylight following cataract surgery.?METHODS:ln this case-control study, 77 eyes of 77 age-related cataract patients who underwent cataract phacoemulsification with posterior chamber aspherical arylic lOL implantation surgery in the Eye Hospital of China Medical University from Aug 2013 to Mar 2014, with a best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA) of 0. 5 or better, were classified into 3 groups randomly using 3 types of lOL: Tecnis ZCB00 Group ( Rl = 1. 47, 22 eyes of 22 subjects); Hoya PY60AD Group ( Rl=1. 52, 24 eyes of 24 subjects);Alcon SN60WF or lQ Group ( Rl=1. 55, 31 eyes of 31 subjects ) . BCVA, pupil size, astigmatism, axial length, intraocular straylight were measured respectively.? RESULTS: Age, axial length, BCVA, pupil size, astigmatism of the three groups were not significant difference (P>0. 05). The straylight of Tecnis, Hoya, lQ group were 1.04±0. 15, 1. 19±0. 14, 1. 14±0. 18. Straylight levels had significant differences among three groups ( F=5. 352, P = 0. 007 < 0. 05 ). There was no significant correlation between BCVA and straylight value (r=-0. 133,P=0. 124>0. 05).?CONCLUSlON:Patients chosen the higher Rl lOL may have a higher straylight level after the surgery.

OBJECTIVETo explore the central mechanism of moxibustion on analgesic effect.

METHODSMale Wistar rats were screened by pain threshold value before making model, and 48 rats whose pain threshold was (250 +/- 25) g were selected. Twelve male Wistar rats were randomly selected as a normal group. For the rest rats the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model was duplicated by raising in a windy, cold and wet environment combined with injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), and then they were randomly divided into a model group, a moxibustion group and a moxa volatile oil group, 12 rats in each group. The moxibustion and the moxa volatile oil igroup were treated with moxibustion and moxa volatile oil at "Shenshu"(BL 23) and "Zusanli"(ST 36), respectively, for 15 days. No interventions were added on the model group and the normal group. The pain threshold in Iinjured foot and the expression of hypothalamic POMC mRNA and PDYN mRNA in rats were observed.

RESULTSCompared with the normal group, the pain threshold and the expression of hypothalamic POMC mRNA and PDYN mRNA in the model group were increased (all P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the pain threshold and the expression of hypothalamic POMC mRNA and PDYN mRNA in the moxibustion group were increased significantly (all P < 0.01), but no statistically significance in the moxa volatile oil group (P > 0.05). Compared with the moxa volatile oil group, the above-mentioned observative indices in moxibustion group were all increased significantly (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONMoxibustion has obvious analgesic effect and its mechanism may be related to the increasing expression of hypothalamic POMC and PDYN mRNA through the warming effect of moxibustion.

Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapy ; Enkephalins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Male ; Moxibustion ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein Precursors ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

BACKGROUNDTo avoid the irritation of tendons and soft tissues as well as hardware-related problems, we designed an intramedullary fixation with bioabsorbable rods for the treatment of the metacarpal shaft fractures.

METHODSFive patients with nine shaft fractures of the fourth and fifth metacarpi were treated with intramedullary absorbable implants and followed up with an average of 4.2 months postoperatively.

RESULTSAt final follow-up, all patients achieved fracture union with no signs of inflammatory or subcutaneous effusion. There was no shortening, angulatory, or rotatory deformity. There was almost full active extension range of motion (ROM) of the metacarpophalangeal joints while the active flexion ROM of these joints was 80.7 ± 9.6°. Compared with the contralateral hand, the grip strength of the injured hand was 94.0 ± 9.6%. X-rays showed that the arch of the second to fifth metacarpal heads was smooth. There were no intramedullary lytic changes and soft tissue swellings.

CONCLUSIONThe intramedullary absorbable implants are a safe, simple, and practical treatment for fourth and fifth metacarpal fractures with good early clinical outcomes and no significant complications.

Absorbable Implants ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Male ; Metacarpal Bones ; injuries ; surgery ; Range of Motion, Articular ; physiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

AIMTo explore the expression of ER and PR mRNAs in endometrium with endometriosis.

METHODSThe rat model of endometriosis was established, and the expression of ER, PR mRNAs in the endometrium was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSThe expression of ER and PR mRNAs in ectopic endometrium was significantly lower than that in eutopic and normal endometrium (P < 0.01). But no difference was observed between eutopic and normal endometrium (P > 0.05). Ratio of ER/PR mRNA in ectopic endometrium was larger than that in eutopic and in normal endometrium (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe result illuminates that the increased ER plays a vital role in the onset of endometriosis.

Animals ; Endometriosis ; metabolism ; Endometrium ; metabolism ; Female ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Estrogen ; genetics ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; genetics ; metabolism