Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with profound impact on patients’ quality of life and long-term health, and early detection and intervention are particularly critical. In recent years, the search for precise and reliable biomarkers has become one of the key strategies to effectively address the clinical challenges of PD. In this paper, we systematically evaluated potential biomarkers, including proteins, metabolites, epigenetic markers, and exosomes, in the peripheral blood of PD patients. Protein markers are one of the main directions of biomarker research in PD. In particular, α‑synuclein and its phosphorylated form play a key role in the pathological process of PD. It has been shown that aggregation of α-synuclein may be associated with pathologic protein deposition in PD and may be a potential marker for early diagnosis of PD. In terms of metabolites, uric acid, as a metabolite, plays an important role in oxidative stress and neuroprotection in PD. It has been found that changes in uric acid levels may be associated with the onset and progression of PD, showing its potential as an early diagnostic marker. Epigenetic markers, such as DNA methylation modifications and miRNAs, have also attracted much attention in Parkinson’s disease research. Changes in these markers may affect the expression of PD-related genes and have an important impact on the onset and progression of the disease, providing new research perspectives for the early diagnosis of PD. In addition, exosomes, as a potential biomarker carrier for PD, are able to carry a variety of biomolecules involved in intercellular communication and pathological regulation. Studies have shown that exosomes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD, and their detection in blood may provide a new breakthrough for early diagnosis. It has been shown that exosomes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD, and their detection in blood may provide new breakthroughs in early diagnosis. In summary, through in-depth evaluation of biomarkers in the peripheral blood of PD patients, this paper demonstrates the important potential of these markers in the early diagnosis of PD and in the study of pathological mechanisms. Future studies will continue to explore the clinical application value of these biomarkers to promote the early detection of PD and individualized treatment strategies.

Aim To investigate the effect of cinobufo-talin(CB)on the small ubiquitin-like modifier(SU-MO)modification of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha(HIF1α)on ferroptosis of gastric cancer cells.Meth-ods Human normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells(GES-1)and gastric cancer cells(MGC803)were treated with various concentrations of CB.MTT assay was employed to determine cell viability and calculate the IC50 value of CB in gastric cancer cells.Cell inva-sion was evaluated using Transwell assay.Cancer cells were subjected to treatment with ferroptosis agonists(erastin)or inhibitors(ferrostatin-1)to assess the levels of lipid reactive oxygen species(ROS),malon-dialdehyde(MDA),cell apoptosis,intracellular total iron,and Fe2+in gastric cancer cells.Western blot a-nalysis was conducted to detect the expression of SU-MO1 and HIF1α,while immunoprecipitation(IP)was utilized to investigate the interaction between SUMO1 and HIF1 α.An allograft tumor model was established and treated with CB or erastin to assess the impact of CB on tumor growth and ferroptosis in gastric cancer cells in vivo.Results CB at concentrations below 2μmol·L-1 had no impact on the viability of GES-1 cells.Compared to the control group,CB treatment dose-dependently inhibited the viability and invasion of MGC803 cells.CB treatment increased the levels of lipid reactive oxygen species(ROS),malondialdehyde(MDA),total iron,and Fe2+in gastric cancer cells,and promoted cell apoptosis(all P＜0.05),compared to the control group.The combination of CB and eras-tin enhanced ferroptosis,while ferrostatin-1 treatment suppressed CB-induced ferroptosis in gastric cancer cells.Mechanistically,CB inhibited the expression of SUMO1,reduced the SUMOylation of HIF1α,and consequently suppressed its expression.The ferroptosis induced by CB in gastric cancer cells could be reversed by overexpression of SUMO1.In vivo experiments con-firmed that CB inhibited tumor growth and induced fer-roptosis in gastric cancer cells.Conclusion CB in-duces ferroptosis in gastric cancer cells by inhibiting the SUMOylation modification of HIF1α.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of novel bioabsorbable vascular scaffold(BVS)in the treatment of patients with complex coronary artery disease.Methods This was a retrospective,matched,single-center observational study.45 patients with coronary atherosclerotic cardiopathy received BVS treatment in the cardiovascular medicine department Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University from June 2020 to June 2021(BVS),and 45 patients treated with drug-eluting stents(DES)group were selected according to matching study requirements during the same period.Baseline,surgical,and follow-up data were compared between the two groups to evaluate safety and efficacy.The main measures of safety were:surgical time,intraoperative adverse events,etc.,and the end point of efficacy was target lesion failure(TLF),including cardiac death,target vessel myocardial infarction,and ischa-driven target lesion revascularization.Results A total of 90 patients were enrolled in this study,all of whom were followed up for at least 3 years.There were 20 cases of bifurcation lesions and 25 cases of diffuse long lesions in the two groups,and 50 cases of imaging were reviewed among the 90 patients.The proportion of stable coronary heart disease,history of diabetes,history of hypertension,history of smoking,pre-dilated balloon pressure and postoperative diastolic blood pressure in BVS group was higher than that in DES group,and the proportion of family history was lower than that in DES group(all P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of cardiac death,target vessel myocardial infarction,and ischemia-driven revascularization of target lesions between the two groups(all P＞0.05).Binary Logistic regression model analysis showed that the diameter stenosis ratio of target lesions was an independent risk factor for intrastent restenosis(OR 2.786,95％CI 1.096-7.081,P=0.031).Conclusions Compared with traditional DES,BVS implantation has consistent safety and efficacy in the treatment of complex coronary artery disease within 3 years.The diameter stenosis ratio of target lesions was an independent risk factor for intrastent restenosis.

AIM To establish a UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous content determination of Asp,Guad,Adeno,Arg,Ade,Cyti,Phe,Leu,Ile,Glu,Ser,Gln,Gly,Ala,Hyp,Thr,Pro and Lys in Asini Corii Colla.METHODS The analysis was performed on a 45℃ thermostatic Waters BEH C18column(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile(containing 0.1% formic acid)-water flowing at 0.35 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and electron spray ionization source was adopted in positive ion scanning with multiple reaction monitoring mode.Subsequently,chemical pattern recognition was performed by hierarchical clustering analysis,principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis.RESULTS Eighteen nucleosides and free amino acids showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(r≥0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 98.0%-104.9% with the RSDs of 1.6%-4.9% .Seventeen batches of samples were clustered into two categories,two principal components demonstrated the accumulative variance contribution rate of 60.75%,Leu,Phe,Ade and Guad were potential index constituents.CONCLUSION This stable and reliable method can be used for the quality control of Asini Corii Colla.

Objective To design a novel oxygenator to solve the existing problems of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)machine in high transmembrane pressure difference,low efficiency of blood oxygen exchange and susceptibility to thrombosis.Methods The main body of the oxygenator vascular access flow field was gifted with a flat cylindrical shape.The topology of the vascular access was modeled in three dimensions,and the whole flow field was cut into a blood inlet section,an inlet buffer,a heat exchange zone,a blood oxygen exchange zone,an outlet buffer and a blood outlet section.The oxygenator was compared with Quadrox oxygenator by means of ANSYS FLUENT-based simulation and prototype experiments.Results Simulation calculations showed the oxygenator designed was comparable to the clinically used ones in general,and gained advantages in transmembrane pressure difference,blood oxygen exchange and flow uniformity.Experimental results indicated that the oxygenator behaved better than Quadrox oxygenator in transmembrane pressure difference and blood oxygen exchange.Conclusion The oxygenator has advantages in transmem-brane pressure difference,temperature change,blood oxygen ex-change and low probability of thrombosis.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(3):23-28]

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics and genetic variations in children with cystic fibrosis(CF)primarily presenting with pseudo-Bartter syndrome(CF-PBS),with the aim to enhance understanding of this disorder.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of three children who were diagnosed with CF-PBS in Hunan Children's Hospital from January 2018 to August 2023,and a literature review was performed.Results All three children had the onset of the disease in infancy.Tests after admission showed hyponatremia,hypokalemia,hypochloremia,and metabolic alkalosis,and genetic testing showed the presence of compound heterozygous mutation in the CFTR gene.All three children were diagnosed with CF.Literature review obtained 33 Chinese children with CF-PBS,with an age of onset of 1-36 months and an age of diagnosis of 3-144 months.Among these children,there were 29 children with recurrent respiratory infection or persistent pneumonia(88％),26 with malnutrition(79％),23 with developmental retardation(70％),and 18 with pancreatitis or extrapancreatic insufficiency(55％).Genetic testing showed that c.2909G＞A was the most common mutation site of the CFTR gene,with a frequency of allelic variation of 23％(15/66).Conclusions CF may have no typical respiratory symptoms in the early stage.The possibility of CF-PBS should be considered for infants with recurrent hyponatremia,hypokalemia,hypochloremia,and metabolic alkalosis,especially those with malnutrition and developmental retardation.CFTR genetic testing should be performed as soon as possible to help with the diagnosis of CF.

Aim To investigate the effect of long non- coding RNA p21 (LncRNA p21) regulating Hippo- Yes-associated protein (Hippo-YAP) signaling pathway on the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in mice. Methods C57BL/6 ApoE

Superior vena cava syndrome(SVCS)is a group of clinical syndromes caused by obstruction of the superior vena cava and its major branches from various causes.Pulmonary artery stenosis(PS)is a complication of lung cancer or mediastinal tumours.SVCS combined with PS due to pulmonary metastases from bladder cancer is extremely rare and has not been reported in the literature.Here we reported an old male patient with pulmonary metastases from bladder cancer presenting with swelling of the head,neck and both upper limbs.SVCS combined with PS was clarified by pulmonary artery computed tomography angiography(CTA)and digital subtraction angiography(DSA).Endovascular stenting was used to treat SVCS.Angiography also showed that PS had not caused pulmonary hypertension and did not need to be treated.The swelling of the patient's head,neck and upper limbs was gradually reduced after the procedure.

Humans ; Vascular Stiffness ; Coal Mining ; Occupational Diseases/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Coal ; Miners

Objective To explore the biomarkers and potential mechanisms of chronic restraint stress-induced myocardial injury in hyperlipidemia ApoE-/-mice.Methods The hyperlipidemia combined with the chronic stress model was established by restraining the ApoE-/-mice.Proteomics and bioinformatics techniques were used to describe the characteristic molecular changes and related regulatory mechanisms of chronic stress-induced myocardial injury in hyperlipidemia mice and to explore potential diagnostic biomarkers.Results Proteomic analysis showed that there were 43 significantly up-regulated and 58 sig-nificantly down-regulated differentially expressed proteins in hyperlipidemia combined with the restraint stress group compared with the hyperlipidemia group.Among them,GBP2,TAOK3,TFR1 and UCP1 were biomarkers with great diagnostic potential.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that fer-roptosis was a significant pathway that accelerated the myocardial injury in hyperlipidemia combined with restraint stress-induced model.The mmu_circ_0001567/miR-7a/Tfr-1 and mmu_circ_0001042/miR-7a/Tfr-1 might be important circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks related to ferroptosis in this model.Conclusion Chronic restraint stress may aggravate myocardial injury in hyperlipidemia mice via ferrop-tosis.Four potential biomarkers are selected for myocardial injury diagnosis,providing a new direction for sudden cardiac death(SCD)caused by hyperlipidemia combined with the restraint stress.