Objective To explore the relationship between TLR3 mRNA expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)and acute rotavirus(RV)diarrhea.Methods Sixty-one children with acute RV diarrhea served as study subject,the expression of TLR3 mRNA on PBMCs was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR.the concentrations of IFN-γand TNF-α in serum were measured by the method of Enzyrme-linked immunosorbent assay(EUSA).Results The expression of TLR3 on PBMCs and the serum levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α in the serious diarrhea group were 0. 820±0.051,(33.67±12.88)Pg/ml, (62.21±14.65)pg/ml,respectively,while it were 0.717±0.040,(24.01±10.06)pg/ml,(50.99± 12.18)pg/ml in the slight diarrhea group,and 0.525±0.029,(12.52±5.19)pg/ml,(28.65±7.44)pg/ml in the control group.Compared with the control group.the expression of TLR3 on PBMCs and the serum levels of IFN-γ,TNF-α in the serious and slight diarrhea group were significantly higher(P<0.01).There were significant differences between the serious and slight diarrhea group(P<0.01).There were positive relationship between the expression of TLR3 on PBMCs and tHe serum IFN-γ,TNF-α levels(r=0.431,P< 0.05,r=0.372,P<0.05).Conclusion The expression of TLR3 on PBMCs in children with acute rotavirus dialThea iS up-regulated,TLR3 and its mediated immune response are associated with the development of acute rotavirus diarrhea.

Human violent behavior is a complex behavior which is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. There is a trend in investigating the mechanism of violent behavior by using the genetic methods. This article reviews several candidate genes and advances in epigenetics which are associated with violent behavior. The prospects and significance of violent behavior research from the view of gene polymorphism and epigenetics are also discussed.
Aggression ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Forensic Genetics ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Violence

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of DNA polymerase beta (polbeta) gene silencing by small interfering RNA on biological behavior of human gastric cancer cell line BGC-823.

METHODSThe siRNA eukaryotic expression vectors targeting polbeta gene were constructed and transfected into BGC-823 cells by liposome. Stable cell lines were screened with G418. The expression levels of polbeta mRNA and protein were detected by real time PCR and Western blot in the cells of each group. The proliferation of each group was detected by flow cytometry and tumorigenicity was determined in nude mice.

RESULTSThe siRNA expression vector targeting polbeta gene was successfully constructed. The expression levels of polbeta mRNA and protein were significantly reduced in the experimental group transfected with siRNA expression vectors targeting polbeta, and the silencing effect of pRNAT-U6.1-sipolbeta2 (suppression degree was 83%) was stronger than that of pRNAT-U6.1-sipolbeta1 (depression degree is 56%). Compared with irrelevant siRNA control group, empty vector control group and untransfected group, the ratio of G0/G1 cells was increased, proportion of S phase cells and cell proliferation were decreased in the experimental group 1 cells transfected with pRNAT-U6.1-sipolbeta1 (P < 0.05). On the contrary, the ratio of G1/G0 was decreased, proportion of S phase cells and cell proliferation was increased in the experimental group 2 cells transfected with pRNAT-U6.1-sipolbeta2 (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe siRNA expression vectors targeting DNA polymerase beta gene can significantly inhibit the expression of polbeta mRNA. Neither high nor extremely low expression of polbeta is beneficial to maintain the cellular physiological functions. The expression of polbeta silenced to a proper level by siRNA may play an important role in inhibiting tumorigenesis.

Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA Polymerase beta ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Silencing ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Random Allocation ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transfection ; Tumor Burden

16 and the distribution of severe trauma more than 2 anatomic parts.They were randomly divided into two groups:intensive insulin treatment group(n=31)and control group(n=31).Intensive insulin treatment group received insulin with insulin pump in order to maintain blood glucose levels at 4.0-6.1 mol/L,while the control group received routine insulin treatment in order to mmaintain blood glucose levels at 10.0- 11.0 mol/L.Plasma levels of TNF-?,IL-1,IL-6, CRP,APACHEⅡscores and cure rate were analyzed before and after the treatment.Data was expressed as mean?standard deviation.Two- tailed T test and ANOVA were used for comparison in SPSS 10.0,and changes were considered as statistically significant if P value was less than 0.05.Results After the intensive insulin treatment, patient's hemodynamic parameter apparently improved,APACHEⅡscores descended,and the levels of TNF-?, Ib-1,IL-6,CRP all declined,in comparison with control group,there were significant differences. Intensive insulin treatment might improve patient's general condition and decrease complications and mortality of severe multiple trauma.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the antiinflammatory activities of aqueous extract of Occimum gratissmium (OGE) with emphasis on expression of proinflammatory cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated epithelial cell BEAS-2B.

METHODSEffects of OGE on cell viability were determined by MTT assay. mRNA expression were analyzed by and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR. Activation of kinase cascades was investigated by immunoblot. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was analyzed by flow cytometry.

RESULTSOGE (<200 μg/mL) treatment or pretreatment and following LPS exposure slightly affected viability of BEAS-2B cells. Increase of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 and the elevated level of intracellular ROS in LPS-stimulated BEAS-2B cells were diminished by OGE pretreatment in a dose-dependent manner. OGE suppressed inflammatory response-associated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt activation. Additionally, OGE pretreatment increased level of cellular inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) and inhibited nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB).

CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate that significant suppression of IL-6 and IL-8 expressions in LPS-stimulated BEAS-2B cells by OGE may be attributed to inhibiting activation of MAPKs and Akt and consequently suppressing nuclear translocation of NF-κB.

Cell Nucleus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cytosol ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Humans ; I-kappa B Proteins ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Interleukin-8 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Intracellular Space ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Ocimum ; chemistry ; Phosphorylation ; drug effects ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Protein Transport ; drug effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Respiratory System ; cytology ; Water

Animals ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; genetics ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; history ; immunology ; virology ; Russia ; epidemiology

Animals ; Global Health ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; history ; virology ; Spain ; epidemiology ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo describe the pitfalls in positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging and classify them according to the principles of their generation.

METHODSWe summarized retrospectively the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDP) PET/CT imaging pitfalls through reviewing the PET/CT images of 872 patients. The pitfalls were divided into artifacts and infrequent physiological uptake, and the artifacts were further classified according to their causes. Meanwhile, we calculated the incidences of various pitfalls. Whether the PET/CT pitfalls influenced the diagnostic decision was analyzed. The appearances of pitfalls in PET were also described.

RESULTSPitfalls could be found in PET/CT images of 684 (78.4%) patients. Artifacts were found in 664 (76.15%) patients, and could be classified into self-factor artifacts and equipment- or technology-related artifacts. Among self-factor artifacts, respiratory motion (57.5%), postprandial or hyperglycemia artifacts (2.41%), and metal or high density matter artifacts (1.38%) were frequent. As for equipment- or technology-related factors, injection point outleakage or radiotracer contamination (13.88%) and truncation artifacts (1.83%) were most common ones. Infrequent physiological FDG uptakes, including fatty uptake, endometrial uptake, and bilateral breast feeding period uptake, were found in 20 (2.29%) patients. Among all pitfalls, the artifacts in 92 (13.4%) patients and infrequent physiological uptakes in 6 (0.88%) patients affected the diagnostic results. Artifact images in PET could be described as hot or cold area and the images of infrequent physiological uptake were always shown as hot area.

CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of pitfall in PET/CT imaging was high and the causes of pitfalls are various. Among all causes that artifacts generated, respiratory motion is the most common. Some pitfalls may disturb clinical physicians' decision, so it is important to recognize artifacts and physiological uptake, and distinguish them from pathological uptakes.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Artifacts ; Breast Feeding ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnostic Errors ; statistics & numerical data ; Drug Contamination ; Endometrium ; metabolism ; Fatty Acids ; metabolism ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Infant ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Movement ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Respiration ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the cartilage formation ability of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells implanted into sheep joint cavity without the use of immunosuppressive therapy.

METHODSAllogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) loaded onto porous beta-tricalcium phosphate ceramic (beta-TCP) were implanted into normal sheep joint cavity. A complete mismatch between donor stem cells and recipient sheep was confirmed by mixed lymphocyte reaction assays prior to implantation. Eight weeks after implantation, the implants were taken out for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The histological results were compared with data derived from joint cavity implantation of autologous MSCs-ceramic composites and cell-free ceramics. The systemic immune response was evaluated by the analysis of recipient serum for production of antibodies against allogeneic cells.

RESULTSFor implantation with allogeneic MSCs, no sign of adverse immune response was detected. Histologically, few inflammation cells infiltration occurred and no antibodies against allogeneic cells were detected. Neocartilage formation in implants loaded with either allogeneic or autologous mesenchymal stem cells was revealed by histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis. In implants without stem cells, no cartilage formation was detected.

CONCLUSIONSAllogeneic mesenchymal stem cells are capable of forming cartilage under the effect of joint cavity environment. Without the use of immunosuppressive therapy, allogeneic MSCs do not provoke an adverse immune response in vivo.

Animals ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone Substitutes ; Calcium Phosphates ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Joints ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Prosthesis Implantation ; Sheep ; Tissue Engineering ; Transplantation, Homologous

OBJECTIVETo investigate the potentiality of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase transduced endothelial progenitor cells (EPC-TK) as angiogenesis-targeting vector in the glioma treatment in vitro and in vivo.

METHODSEPC-TK were mixed with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), U87 or U251 cells at various ratios for ganciclovir (GCV) treatment. The bystander effect was observed by counting the survival cells using MTT assay, and the apoptotic cells were determined by annexin-V and propidium iodide (PI) staining. EPC-TK, EPCs, or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were injected into the nude mice model of glioma xenograft by tail vein, for the EPC-TK group, EPC group, and PBS group, respectively. And then the changes of tumor volume and tumor vasculature were observed.

RESULTSGCV killed most EPC-TK and reduced the number of other viable cells in a cell:cell ratio-dependent and time-dependent manner. EPC-TK obviously inhibited tumor growth. The tumor volumes on day 21 were 1741.20+/- 576.10 mm(3), 3275.52 +/- 710.86 mm(3) and 3033.09+/-1134.86 mm(3) in the EPC-TK, EPC and PBS group, respectively. EPC-TK also displayed a significant effect on the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.

CONCLUSIONEPC-TK can exert a potent antiglioma effect via inhibiting angiogenesis.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Bystander Effect ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; physiology ; Endothelial Cells ; virology ; Endothelium ; Genetic Vectors ; Glioma ; therapy ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Simplexvirus ; enzymology ; genetics ; Thymidine Kinase ; genetics ; Transduction, Genetic ; Transfection ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays