Objective To investigate the health literacy level and health related behavior of high school students in Xuhui District of Shanghai, and to provide basis for health literacy intervention. Methods Using qualitative and quantitative methods, the quantitative part adopted the multi-stage stratified sampling method.A total of 355 aged 15-18 from senior high schools in Xuhui District were selected for face-to-face survey.The qualitative part adopted the form of group interviews, and 20 students from two senior high schools in Xuhui District were selected for interviews. Results The health literacy level of high school students in Xuhui District was 27.32%, which was lower than that of adults in the same period.Among the three dimensions, the level of basic knowledge and concept literacy was the highest, followed by the level of health basic skills literacy, the level of healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy was the lowest; among the six types of health problems, the level of infectious disease prevention literacy and basic medical literacy was at a low level.Statistical analysis of the correct answer rate showed that the answer rate of various questions in the health literacy survey was quite different.Further analysis of the health-related behavioral characteristics of high school students showed that most students had correct health concept and awareness of health change, but they encountered resistance in the process of knowledge transformation into action, which mainly came from academic burden, school education, peer influence and so on.The main channels for high school students to obtain health-related information were classroom, parents, school and various media.They had a high degree of trust in medical professionals and encountered difficulties in seeking health information. Conclusion The health literacy level of senior high school students in Xuhui District of Shanghai needs to be improved.We should explore a health intervention model more suitable for the behavioral characteristics of this group weak links in their health literacy.

Objective To analyze the chemical components of the ethanol-soluble portion of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction,and to explore its mechanism in kidney-Yin deficiency of mice.Methods Bioactive components were analyzed by HPLC,the method was used at Hypersile C1s column(4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm),the mobile phase consisted of methanol-water (27 ∶ 73),the detective wavelength was 236 nm,the flow rate was 1.0 mL · min-1,the column temperature was 25 ℃.The mice were divided randomly into three groups (n =10):blank group,model group,experimental group.The mice were gavaged with oral administration of corresponding medicines (9.75 g · kg-1)for nine weeks.At time 6 d after administration,in addition to that the normal group was given distilled water,the other groups were gavaged with hydrocortisone injection per day according to 50 mg · kg-1 body weight for 4 d to establish the kidney Yin deficiency mice model.The contents of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP),cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were determined by ELISA and the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),estradiol (E2),testosterone (T) were determined by radioimmunoassay after administration.Results The linear range of morroniside,sweroside,paeoniflorin and loganin were 0.24-2.40 μg (r=0.999 6),0.14-1.38 μg(r =0.999 1),0.12-1.20 μg(r =0.999 1),0.24-2.40 μg(r =0.999 4) respectively.The recovery and relative standard deviation of them were (100.22 ± 1.80) ％,(100.83 ± 1.94) ％,(102.40 ± 1.47) ％,(101.40 ± 1.50) ％,and RSD were 1.80％,1.92％,1.44％,1.50％.The average content of morroniside,sweroside,paeoniflorin and loganin in Liuwei Dihuang Decoction water extract-alcohol soluble parts were calculate in terms of material were 0.20％,0.02％,0.06％,0.13％.The plasma level of cAMP in model group and experimental group were (8.20 ±0.63),(6.90 ±0.15) nmol · L-1 with significant different (P ＜0.01).The serum contents of FSH,E2,T in model group and experimental group were(0.54 ±0.10),(0.88 ±0.04)mU · mL-1;(13.93 ± 0.29),(15.48 ± 0.43) pg · mL-1;(2.23 ± 0.14),(5.63 ± 0.48) ng · mL-1 with significant different (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion It is found that ethanol-soluble portion might be one of the bioactive component of Liuwei Dihaung Decoction to improve kidney Yin deficiency,and it mainly contains loganin,morroniside,sweroside and paeoniflorin.Its function mechanism of tonifying kidney may be related to the regulation of cAMP content and the levels of hormones in the HPG axis.

Objective To investigate the effects of tiotropium bromide combined with salmeterol fluticasone on postoperative lung function,blood gas index,and inflammatory response in patients with lung cancer complicated with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods Patients with lung cancer complicated with stable COPD after surgery were selected as research subjects and divided into control group and treatment group according to different treatment methods.The control group received 18 μg of tiotropium bromide powder for inhalation therapy,bid,for 3 days before surgery,while the treatment group received additional salmeterol inhalation powder treatment on basis of the control group's treatment,1 inhalation each time,bid,for 3 months.Lung function[forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),peak expiratory flow(PEF),FEV1/FVC],modified British Medical Research Council(mMRC)dyspnea scale,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test(CAT)score,quality of life questionnaire-C30(QLQ-C30)score,blood gas index[arterial oxygen pressure(PaO2),arterial blood oxygen saturation(SaO2),arterial carbon dioxide pressure(PaCO2)],inflammatory response indicators[interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-8(IL-8),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)],and occurrence of adverse drug reactions in the two groups with compared before and after treatment.Results Forty-seven and forty-five cases were included in the treatment and control groups,respectively.After treatment,the total effective rates of the treatment and control groups were 91.49％(43 cases/47 cases)and 75.56％(34 cases/45 cases)respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).After treatment,the FEV1/FVC of the treatment and control groups were(0.62±0.10)％and(0.48±0.05)％;PEF were(1.94±0.20)and(1.02±0.11)L·s-1;mMRC scores were 2.01±0.25 and 2.26±0.23;CAT scores were 16.03±1.74 and 20.03±2.17;QLQ-C30 physical functioning scores were 79.31±8.92 and 75.04±7.86;PaO2 were(70.34±6.98)and(62.02±6.31)mmHg;IL-6 expression levels were(16.43±1.65)and(21.55±2.27)pg·mL-1.The above indexes in the treatment group compared with the control group were all statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The main adverse drug reactions in the treatment and control groups were skin allergies and nausea/vomiting,and the total incidence of adverse drug reactions in the treatment and control groups were 34.04％and 23.40％,with no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion Tiotropium bromide combined with salmeterol fluticasone is effective for patients with lung cancer complicated with stable COPD after surgery,which significantly improves their lung function,prognosis,and arterial blood gas levels.

Objective To explore the thoughts and medication rules of the contemporary inheritors of Lingnan LUO's Gynecology in differentiating and treating menopausal syndromes based on data mining technology.Methods The medical records of menopausal syndrome differentiated and treated by the contemporary inheritors of Lingnan LUO's Gynecology in clinic were collected.The Ancient and Modern Medical Records Cloud Platform(V2.3.5)was used to perform frequency statistics,association rule analysis,cluster analysis and complex network analysis of the data of medical records.Results A total of 191 medical records and 191 prescriptions were finally included,involving 160 kinds of Chinese medicinals.The statistics of four-examination information and syndrome types showed that the pathogenesis of menopausal syndrome was characterized by deficiency of the origin,which resulted in the dysfunction of healthy qi and the disturbance of the pivot,and then multiple viscera were involved;among the syndrome types,liver and kidney yin deficiency syndrome was the most common type.There were 26 high-frequency Chinese medicinals with the frequency being or over 40 times,and the top 5 Chinese medicinals were Lilii Bulbus,Codonopsis Radix,Corni Fructus,Paeoniae Radix Alba,and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata.Most of the medicines were sweet in flavor and mild in nature,and had the meridian tropism of the liver,heart,kidney and spleen meridians.A total of 15 pairs of high-confidence drug combinations were obtained after association rule analysis.Cluster analysis of high-frequency Chinese medicinals yielded 5 core drug combinations.The complex network analysis revealed the core prescription which was composed of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata,Corni Fructus,Cuscutae Semen,Lilii Bulbus,Ziziphi Spinosae Semen,Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,and Margaritifera Concha.The association rule analysis showed that the drug pairs with high frequency of use were Ligustri Lucidi Fructus-Corni Fructus,Ligustri Lucidi Fructus-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.Conclusion For the treatment of menopausal syndrome,the contemporary inheritors of Lingnan LUO's Gynecology take the therapy of nourishing liver and kidney as the key,and also adopt the therapies of nourishing the heart and calming the mind,benefiting qi and invigorating the spleen,and harmonizing the pivot.The medicines prescribed by the inheritors mostly are sweet-light and mild tonics,and their prescription and medication rules are consistent with Professor LUO Yuan-Kai's academic thoughts.

AIM To investigate the effects of total Astragalus saponins on the improvement of sarcopenia in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS The rats were divided into the normal group for a normal feeding and the model group for the feeding of high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of STZ to establish a T2DM model.The successful model rats were randomly divided into the model group,the metformin group(0.2 g/kg)and the total Astragalus saponins group(80 mg/kg),and given corresponding doses of drugs by gavage.After 12 weeks administration,the rats had their FBG,postprandial blood glucose(PG2h)and wet weight of skeletal muscle measured;their serum levels of INS,C-peptide(C-P),IGF-1,TNF-α and IL-1β detected by ELISA;their morphological changes of skeletal muscle observed by HE staining;their protein expressions of PI3K,p-Akt,mTOR,S6K1,FoxO1 and Murf1 in skeletal muscle detected by Western blot;and their mRNA expressions of Pi3k,Akt and mtor in skeletal muscle detected by RT-qPCR method.RESULTS Compared with the model group,the total Astragalus saponins group displayed decreased levels of FBG,PG2h,OGTT-AUC,HOMA-IR,TNF-α and IL-1β(P＜0.01);increased levels of INS,C-P,IGF-1 and wet weight of skeletal muscle(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);improved skeletal muscle atrophy and increased protein expressions of PI3K,p-Akt,mTOR and S6K1 in skeletal muscle(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);decreased protein expressions of FoxO1 and Murf1(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);and increased mRNA expressions of Pi3k,Akt and mtor(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION The improvement effects of total Astragalus saponins on sarcopenia in T2DM rats may be associated with the regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathways.

To develop a method for the rapid monitoring of five components during the alcohol precipitation process of Shenzhiling oral solution using near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS).The contents of five components detemined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) were used as the reference values, and the NIRS based partial least square regression(PLSR) models were used to monitor the concentrations of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin, cinnamic acid and glycyrrhizic acid during the alcohol precipitation process of Shenzhiling oral solution, which were optimized and verified through comparing of different spectral pre-processing and variables selection methods. Determination coefficients(Rcal2 and Rpred2), root mean squares error of prediction (RMSEP), root mean squares error of calibration(RMSEC) and ratiao of performance to deviation(RPD) were applied to evaluate the performance of the models, and the corresponding values were 0.993 3 and 0.997 6, 0.084 9 g•L⁻¹, 0.073 3 g•L⁻¹ and 14.7 for paeoniforin; 0.991 4, 0.992 7, 0.028 1 g•L⁻¹, 0.030 5 g•L⁻¹ and 10.2 for albiforin; 0.955 3, 0.976 1, 0.012 0 g•L⁻¹, 0.012 3 g•L⁻¹ and 5.1 for liquiritin; 0.958 8, 0.990 3, 0.003 89 g•L⁻¹, 0.002 89 g•L⁻¹ and 7.1 for cinnamic acid; 0.982 0, 0.986 3, 0.053 8 g•L⁻¹, 0.059 0 g•L⁻¹, 7.2 for glycyrrhizic acid, respectively. The results indicated that the presented approach was effectively for the quantitative monitoring of the alcohol precipitation process of Shenzhiling oral solution.

Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Decoction was firstly recorded in Treatise on Cold Damage(ZHANG Zhong-jing, Eastern Han dynasty). According to this medical classic, it is originally used in the treatment of the Shaoyang and Yangming syndrome. Based on the modern pathophysiological mechanism, this study interpreted the classic provisions of Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Decoction. Original records of "chest fullness" "annoyance" "shock" "difficult urination" "delirium" "heavy body and failing to turn over" all have profound pathophysiological basis, involving disorders in cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, and mental systems. This formula is widely used, which can be applied to treat epilepsy, cerebral arteriosclerosis, cerebral infarction, and other cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, arrhythmia, and other cardiovascular diseases, insomnia, constipation, anxiety, depression, cardiac neurosis and other acute and chronic diseases as well as diseases in psychosomatic medicine. The clinical indications include Bupleuri Radix-targeted syndrome such as fullness and discomfort in chest and hypochondrium, bitter taste mouth, dry throat, and dizziness, the insomnia, anxiety, depression, susceptibility to fright, upset, dreamfulness and other psychiatric symptoms, red tongue, thick and yellow tongue coating, and wiry hard and powerful pulse. This formula was found to be used in combination with other formulas, such as Gualou Xiebai Decoction, Wendan Decoction, Zhizhu Pills, Juzhijiang Decoction, Suanzaoren Decoction, and Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction.
Humans ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/drug therapy* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Hypertension/drug therapy* ; Syndrome ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/drug therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective:To study the effect of Fuzheng Qufeng prescription （FZQP） on transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁）/Smad signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of podocyte in membranous nephropathy （MN） rats and to explore its molecular mechanism for podocyte protection. Method:The rats were randomly divided into normal control group （NC） and modeling group. Rats in modeling group induced by bovine serum albumin （C-BSA） were randomly divided into model group （MN）， losartan potassium group （LP， 0.05g·kg^-1）， and FZQP high dose （FZQPH， 41 g·kg^-1）， medium dose （FZQPM， 20.5 g·kg^-1）， and low dose （FZQPL， 10.25 g·kg^-1） groups. The administration lasted for 4 weeks. In week 0， 2， and 4 of administration， the levels of 24 hours urine protein （24 h-Upro） were tested. At the end of 4th week， the levels of blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and serum creatinine （SCr） were detected， and the rats in each group were sacrificed and the renal pathological morphology changes were observed by light microscope with hematoxylin-eosin （HE）， Masson and periodic acid-silver metheramine （PASM） staining. The deposition of immune complex， the thickening of glomerular basement membrane （GBM） and podocyte foot process were observed by transmission electron microscope （TEM）. The distribution and expression intensity of Desmin in renal tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry （IHC）. The mRNA and protein expression levels of TGF-β₁， Smad2/3， phospho（p）-Smad2/3， Smad7 and Desmin in renal tissues were respectively detected by Western blot （WB） and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. Result:Compared with NC group， the levels of 24 h-Upro， BUN and SCr significantly increased in model group （P<0.01）， with increased deposition of immune complex， significantly thickened GBM and fusion of foot processes， significantly increased Desmin mRNA and protein expression （P<0.01） and increased TGF-β₁， Smad2， and Smad3 mRNA and protein expression （P<0.05）， and decreased Smad7 mRNA and protein expression （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with model group， 24 h-Upro and BUN decreased in FZQP groups and LP group （P<0.05）， levels of serum SCr in FZQPM group decreased （P<0.05）， deposition of immune complex， thickening of GBM and fusion of foot process were all alleviated in FZQP groups and LP group. Distribution of Desmin along GBM decreased in FZQPH group， FZQPM group and LP group （P<0.05）. Both mRNA and protein expression levels of TGF-β₁ and p-Smad2/Smad2 in FZQPM group decreased， while mRNA and protein expression levels of Smad7 increased （P<0.05）. Both mRNA and protein expression levels of p-Smad3/Smad3 in FZQPH group decreased （P<0.05）. Both mRNA and protein expression levels of Desmin in podocyte in FZQPH group， FZQPM group and LP group decreased （P<0.05）. Conclusion:FZQP might realize podocyte protection effect in MN via suppressing EMT mediated by overactivated TGF-β₁/Smad signaling pathway.

Aim To investigate the role of eelastrol in reactive oxygen species ( ROS) accumulation and DNA damage in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and further investigate its effect on apoptosis induction in cancer cells.Methods Human liver cancer HepG2 and Huh7 cells were cultured with celastrol, then the morphological changes of cells were observed under microscope.MTT assay was employed to detect the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, CM-H2DCFDA probe to detect intracellular ROS levels, and immunofluorescence to detect the expression level of -y-H2AX in celastrol-treated cells.Hoechst 33258 staining was used to observe nuclear condensation and fragmentation; Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell death.J J Western blot was applied to measure the expression levels of -y-H2 AX, caspase-3, PARP and other proteins.Results Celastrol had a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of liver cancer cells in dose-dependent manner.Comparer] with the eontrol group, the eell viability was reduced and intracellular ROS level also increased significantly after celastrol treatment in a dose-dependent manner ( P < 0.05 ).With Hoechst staining, typical apoptotic characteristics such as nuclear chromatin condensation and fragmentation were observed in celastrol-treated cells.Western blot results showed that pro-form of caspase-3 significantly decreased, and the cleavage of PARP markedly increased by celastrol.After pretreatment with ROS inhibitor NAC, celastrol-mediated caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage were significantly reversed ( P < 0.05 ).Conclusions Celastrol can induce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and its anti-cancer effect is dependent on ROS-mediated DNA damage.

Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms