To solve the issues of costly planting of facility cultivation method and inferior efficacy than wild herbs of Dendrobium officinale, the cliff epiphytic cultivation method was studied. To research the growth, agronomic traits, yield, polysaccharide and alcohol-soluble extract contents were measured on the D. officinale from different water regulation and cliff slope gradients treatments. The results showed that D. officinale epiphytic at 85 degrees-90 degrees cliff and sprayed water 1-2 h x d(-1) at the growing season can get better growth and obtain high yield, and the morphology has no different from wild cliff D. officinale, even in the environments without shade. The contents of polysaccharide and alcohol-soluble extract are closely related to the physiological ages, but significantly higher than the facility cultivation. It is possible that environmental stresses benefit the accumulation of polysaccharides, alcohol-soluble extract and other efficient ingredients.
Agriculture ; methods ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; Water ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo identify the distribution and differentiation of ABL kinase domain mutation in the Chinese Han nationality imatinib resistant chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph(+)ALL).

METHODSBone marrow or peripheral blood samples of 112 imatinib resistant CML patients and 21 Ph(+)ALL patients were obtained from the first affiliated hospital of Soochow university according to local law. Total RNA was extracted from the mononuclear cells using a TRIzol reagent. ABL kinase domain (KD) mutation was detected by direct sequencing.

RESULTSOf the 112 imatinib resistant CML patients, 54.46%(61 cases) had ABL KD mutation. Twenty-three mutants were identified in 20 amino acid sites and 23.21% (26 cases) ABL KD mutations were in P-loop region. ABL KD mutations were also detected in 71.43% (15 cases) imatinib resistant Ph(+)ALL patients, with 10 mutations in 8 amino acid sites. The most frequent mutation was T315I (28.57%), followed by E255K/V (19.05%) and Y253F/H (14.29%). The frequency of T315I was much higher in imatinib resistant Ph(+) ALL than that in imatinib resistant CML (P = 0.001). Ph(+)ALL with additional chromosomal aberrations also had a higher rate of ABL KD mutation than that of CML (P = 0.010). Ph(+)ALL gained ABL KD mutation faster than CML (P < 0.010).

CONCLUSIONChinese imatinib resistant CML and Ph(+)ALL patients had different characteristics in ABL KD mutation. The rate of ABL KD mutation in Ph(+)ALL with additional chromosomal aberrations was much higher than that of CML with additional chromosomal aberrations.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Benzamides ; pharmacology ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Philadelphia Chromosome ; Piperazines ; pharmacology ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl ; genetics ; Pyrimidines ; pharmacology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and its relationship with mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression and microsatellite instability (MSI) in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC).

METHODSA total of 28 cases of colorectal adenoma and 14 cases of colorectal carcinoma were collected between July 2003 and July 2007 from 33 HNPCC families. Sporadic colorectal adenoma (n=32) and carcinoma patients (n=24) served as controls. With samples of tumor tissues and normal colonic mucosa collected from the patients, the protein expressions of COX-2 and MMR (hMLH1, hMSH2, and hMSH6) were examined with immunohistochemical assay. Frequency of MSI in five standard MSI loci BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346, and D17S250 were analyzed by means of polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTSThe rate of COX-2 high-expression was 53.6% (15/28) and 42.9% (6/14) in HNPCC adenoma and carcinoma; 62.5% (20/32) and 91.7% (22/24) in sporadic adenoma and carcinoma, respectively. That rate was lower in HNPCC carcinoma than in sporadic carcinoma (Pü0.05). MMR-deletion rate and percentage of high-frequency MSI (MSI-H) in HNPCC carcinoma were higher than those in sporadic colorectal carcinoma [both 71.4% (10/14) vs. 12.5% (3/24), both Pü0.01]. Among the 10 MMR-deficient HNPCC carcinoma patients, COX-2 low-expression was observed in 8 cases (80.0%), while COX-2 high-expression was observed in all of the 4 MMR-positive HNPCC carcinoma cases (Pü0.05). In comparison to MMR positive HNPCC carcinoma, HNPCC adenoma, and sporadic carcinoma, COX-2 expression was significantly lower in corresponding MMR-deficient cases (all Pü0.05). The rates of COX-2 low-expression in HNPCC adenoma, HNPCC carcinoma, and sporadic carcinoma with MSI-H were significantly higher than those in the cases with microsatellite stability (all Pü0.05).

CONCLUSIONCOX-2 is expressed at a low level in HNPCC carcinoma, different from the high COX-2 expression in sporadic carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Base Pair Mismatch ; Base Sequence ; Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis ; genetics ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; genetics ; DNA Primers ; DNA Repair ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; genetics ; Middle Aged

Abstract?AlM:To investigate the influence of lOL refractive index ( Rl ) on measurement of straylight following cataract surgery.?METHODS:ln this case-control study, 77 eyes of 77 age-related cataract patients who underwent cataract phacoemulsification with posterior chamber aspherical arylic lOL implantation surgery in the Eye Hospital of China Medical University from Aug 2013 to Mar 2014, with a best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA) of 0. 5 or better, were classified into 3 groups randomly using 3 types of lOL: Tecnis ZCB00 Group ( Rl = 1. 47, 22 eyes of 22 subjects); Hoya PY60AD Group ( Rl=1. 52, 24 eyes of 24 subjects);Alcon SN60WF or lQ Group ( Rl=1. 55, 31 eyes of 31 subjects ) . BCVA, pupil size, astigmatism, axial length, intraocular straylight were measured respectively.? RESULTS: Age, axial length, BCVA, pupil size, astigmatism of the three groups were not significant difference (P>0. 05). The straylight of Tecnis, Hoya, lQ group were 1.04±0. 15, 1. 19±0. 14, 1. 14±0. 18. Straylight levels had significant differences among three groups ( F=5. 352, P = 0. 007 < 0. 05 ). There was no significant correlation between BCVA and straylight value (r=-0. 133,P=0. 124>0. 05).?CONCLUSlON:Patients chosen the higher Rl lOL may have a higher straylight level after the surgery.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and melisma area severity index (MASI) score of tranexamic acid combined with glutathione,coltagen effect in patients with chloasma.Methods A total of 110 patients with chloasma were randomly divided into control group and treatment group,each group 55 cases.Control group was treated with glutathione combined with collagen patch applying,glutathione injection 1.2 g add 0.9％ NaCl or 5％ glucose injection 250 mL,intravenous drip,drip speed normal;collagen dressing with 30 min treatment,2 times a week,8 weeks a courses.Treatment group was treated with oral ammonia tranexamic acid tablets 250 mg based on control group,2 times a day,and last for 2 months.Compared the clincial efficacy and MASI score between the two groups.Results The total efficacy in treatment group was 87.27％ (48/55),had significant difference with that in control group,which was 69.09％ (38/55,P ＜ 0.05).Mter 2,4,6 months,MASI scores in control group were 10.42 ± 3.39,7.94 ± 2.36,6.97 ± 1.30,had significant difference with those in treatment group,which were 9.17 ±2.86,6.38 ±2.87,5.14 ±1.30 (P ＜0.05).Patients in treatment group had 1 case of nausea,without special treatment,and no adverse drug reactions occurred in control group.Conclusion Tranexamic acid combined with glutathione,collagen paste can obviously improve the chloasma patients with psoriasis area and severity,the curative effect is remarkable.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety profile of isotretinoin combined with azithromycin in patients with moderate to severe acne occurred after puberty,and the effect of the therapy on sex hormone levels.Methods A total of 120 patients were randomly divided into a control group and combined groups.The control group was given local application of 0.1％ adapdene gel,qd.The treatment group was given oral administration of isotretinoin capsules (0.2 mg,qd,at 2 h after meal) and azithromycin granule (0.2 g,qd,continuous treatment for 3 d and then stop for 4 d) on the basis of the control group.Both groups were treated for 4 weeks.The clinical efficacy,efficacy index,and serum sex hormone levels in testosterone,estradiol,progesteron,prolactin (PRL),follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),luteinizing hormone (LH),sex hormone binding protein (SHBG),dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were compared in the two groups.Results After treatment,the total effective rates in treatment group and control group were 96.67％ (58/60 cases) and 73.33％ (44/60 cases),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.01).The efficacy index was 79.68 ± 11.34 in the treatment group and 53.46 ± 14.17 in the control group,with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).In the treatment group and the control group,the level of serum estradiol were (43.15 ± 14.91),(35.87 ± 18.43) pg · mL-1;the FSH content were (9.23 ± 1.29),(8.95 ±2.21) mU · mL-1;the LH content were (7.81 ±0.32),(5.63 ±0.73) mU · mL-1;the LH/FSH ratio were 0.86 ±0.28 and 0.73 ±0.31;the testosterone content were (1.27 ±0.06),(2.58 ±0.11) nmol · L-1;the progesterone content were (0.95 ± 0.12),(1.19 ± 0.23) ng · mL-1;the PRL content were (10.31 ± 1.17),(14.53 ± 1.09) ng· mL-1;the SHBG content were (51.32 ± 18.71),(69.93 ± 13.65) nmol · L-1;the DHEAS content were (169.85 ±28.41),(183.24 ±29.18) μg ·dL-1,respectively,and these differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The adverse reactions of the treatment group and control group were erythema,scaling,burning,itching and dryness.The incidence of local adverse reactions was 23.33％ (14/60 cases) in the treatment group and 18.33％ (11/60 cases) in the control group,without statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Isotretinoin combined with azithromycin exerts considerable efficacy by reducing the level of sex hormone and shortening treatment time.

OBJECTIVE To improve uptake and cytotoxicity of the drug on MCF-7 cells by developing a poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) nanogel for Quercetin (Que) METHODS The PNIPAm nanogel was optimized by an orthogonal design and its structure was confirmed by FT-IR.A single factor experiment was used to optimize the formulation of quercetinloaded nanogel (Que-PNIPAm).The particle size,surface morphology and drug loading were characterized and the in vitro release behavior was investigated.Cytotoxicity of MCF-7 cells induced by Que-PNIPAm was investigated by CCK-8 method.The qualitative and quantitative cellular uptake studies were investigated by fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry,respectively.The mechanism of cellular uptake was investigated by the inhibitor method.RESULTS The particle size and drug loading of Que-PNIPAm were measured as (166.1±2.87)nm and 3.18％,respectively.Nanogel exhibited spherical morphology and uniform size distribution observed by electron microscopy.Compared to free Que,Que-PNIPAm significantly increased inhibition rate of MCF-7 cells.Que-PNIPAm also showed higher cell uptake efficiency and more effective antitumor activity at 42 ℃.Colchicine and 2-deoxyglucose have an inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cells uptake.CONCLUSION The prepared nanogel shows small particle size,thermosensitive property,which could significantly enhance the capacity of cellular uptake and tumor cytotoxicity.The mechanism of cellular uptake demonstrates tubulin is involved in the internalization of the nanogel into MCF-7 cells.

Norepinephrine (NE) modulates synaptic transmission and long-term plasticity through distinct subtype adrenergic receptor (AR)-mediated-intracellular signaling cascades. However, the role of NE modulates glutamatergic long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) magnocellular neuroendocrine cells (MNCs) is unclear. We here investigate the effect of NE on high frequency stimulation (HFS)-induced glutamatergic LTP in rat hypothalamic PVN MNCs in vitro, by whole-cell patch-clamp recording, biocytin staining and pharmacological methods. Delivery of HFS induced glutamatergic LTP with a decrease in N2/N1 ratio in the PVN MNCs, which was enhanced by application of NE (100 nM).HFS-induced LTP was abolished by the blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) with D-APV, but it was rescued by the application of NE. NE failed to rescue HFS-induced LTP of MNCs in the presence of a selective β1-AR antagonist, CGP 20712. However, application of β1-AR agonist, dobutamine HCl rescued HFS-induced LTP of MNCs in the absence of NMDAR activity. In the absence of NMDAR activity, NE failed to rescue HFS-induced MNC LTP when protein kinase A (PKA) was inhibited by extracellular applying KT5720 or intracellular administration of PKI. These results indicate that NE activates β1-AR and triggers HFS to induce a novel glutamatergic LTP of hypothalamic PVN NMCs via the postsynaptic PKA signaling pathway in vitro in rats.

Norepinephrine (NE) modulates synaptic transmission and long-term plasticity through distinct subtype adrenergic receptor (AR)-mediated-intracellular signaling cascades. However, the role of NE modulates glutamatergic long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) magnocellular neuroendocrine cells (MNCs) is unclear. We here investigate the effect of NE on high frequency stimulation (HFS)-induced glutamatergic LTP in rat hypothalamic PVN MNCs in vitro, by whole-cell patch-clamp recording, biocytin staining and pharmacological methods. Delivery of HFS induced glutamatergic LTP with a decrease in N2/N1 ratio in the PVN MNCs, which was enhanced by application of NE (100 nM).HFS-induced LTP was abolished by the blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) with D-APV, but it was rescued by the application of NE. NE failed to rescue HFS-induced LTP of MNCs in the presence of a selective β1-AR antagonist, CGP 20712. However, application of β1-AR agonist, dobutamine HCl rescued HFS-induced LTP of MNCs in the absence of NMDAR activity. In the absence of NMDAR activity, NE failed to rescue HFS-induced MNC LTP when protein kinase A (PKA) was inhibited by extracellular applying KT5720 or intracellular administration of PKI. These results indicate that NE activates β1-AR and triggers HFS to induce a novel glutamatergic LTP of hypothalamic PVN NMCs via the postsynaptic PKA signaling pathway in vitro in rats.