Objective To study the condition of postoperation complications in patients with supratentorial cerebral hemisphere gliomas,and to provide objective references for clinical classification and treatment. Methods Data of 100 patients with supratentorial cerebral hemisphere gliomas,treated surgicaly in the department of neurosurgery,gliomas center of Tiantan hospital from June 2006 to December 2007,were reviewed and analyzed.We classified postoperative complications as neurological,regional and systemic complications,and especially mainly analyzed the reasons of oceching,prevention and cure of the neurological postoperative complications.Results Through the complete preoperative evaluation in patients to choose the proper operative route,methods and technique means can improve postoperative KPS score compare with preoperative obviously ,which can achieve better operation result.Conclusion Neurosurgeon must design consummately individualization operation plan depending on patient history,neurology symptoms,physical sign,and preoperative check,and understand the operation anatomy including the pathology anatomy and function anatomy. They must foresee the postoperative complications,prevent it as far as possible,and treat it reasonable in time.

To investigate the application of WSARE (What' s Strange About Recent Events) algorithm in early warning on outbreaks of infectious diseases and to explore the multidimensional statistical methods for the detection of infectious diseases outbreak. Using WSARE algorithms based on historical data and Bayesian Network as baseline respectively, to analyze data on measles by mimicking the real-time monitoring and early warning system in Bao'an district,Shenzhen city, in 2007. WSARE algorithms were considered to be effective and timely in detecting the abnormally increase of measles among special population. WSARE algorithm could timely detect the abnormal increase of diseases among special local populations, thus having important value in the application of early warning system during the outbreak of infectious diseases.

The purpose of this article was to investigate the application of Google Earth (GE)in the Three Dimensional Visualization(TDV)of the warnings signaled by early warning system of infectious disease.As an example.the prospective space-time scan statistics was used by mimicking daily prospective analyses of bacillary dysentery data from Shanghai municipality,Zhejiang province and Jiangsu province in 2005.Then one of the warnings was picked to illustrate the visualization of GE.GE could vividly display the results in three dimensions containing the complex information including date,areas,observed numbers,expected numbers ere.GE seemed a useful tool for infectious disease surveillance and had potential important values in reflecting the emergency response situation.The development of integrated system which consisted of GE,the infectious disease reporting system and cluster detection methods need to be emphasized for further research.

Based on the number of brucellosis cases reported from the national infectious diseases reporting system in Inner Mongolia from 2000 to 2007, a model was developed. Theories of spatial statistics were used, together with knowledge on infectious disease epidemiology and the frame of Bayesian statistics, before the Bayesian spatio-temporal models were respectively set. The effects of space, time, space-time and the relative covariates were also considered. These models were applied to analyze the brucellosis distribution and time trend in Inner Mongolia during 2000-2007. The results of Bayesian spatio-temporal models was expressed by mapping of the disease and compared to the conventional statistical methods. Results showed that the Bayesian models, under consideration of space-time effect and the relative covariates (deviance information criterion, DIC=2388.000) ,seemed to be the best way to serve the purpose. The county-level spatial correlation of brucellosis epidemics was positive and quite strong in Inner Mongolia. However, the spatial correlation varied with time and the coefficients ranged from 0.968 to 0.973, having a weakening trend during 2000-2007. Types of region and number of stock (cattle and sheep) might be related to the brucellosis epidemics, and the effect on the number of cattle and sheep changed by year. Compared to conventional statistical methods, Bayesian spatio-temporal modeling could precisely estimate the incidence relative risk and was an important tool to analyze the epidemic distribution patterns of infectious diseases and to estimate the incidence relative risk.

Based on data related to human brucellosis which was collected from the national notifiable infectious disease reporting system in the 6 provinces(Inner Mongolia,Shanxi,Heilongjiang,Shaanxi,Jilin and Liaoning)of north China from 2004 to 2007,at the county scale.Data would include age and gender standardized mortality ratios(SMRs)while ESDA was including histograms,box plots and box maps,global and local Moran' s I statistics,etc.The global Moran' s I values from 2004 to 2007 were 0.2581,0.4574,0.4457,0.4841,respectively and all with statistically significant differences.Most of local Moran' s I values were significant positive statistically.High-high counties were mainly in the northeast,most of which were pastoral areas,but the farming-pastoral areas and agricultural areas/town had an increasing trend over time.Low-low counties were mainly in the western and southern areas and most of which were agricultural areas/towns.Low-high counties appeared to be rare,mainly around the counties with high incidence,mainly belonged to agricultural areas/towns.The incidence rates of brucellosis in the six provinces of north China had a trend of increase from 2004 to 2007,namely spreading from east to west,from south to north,and from pastoral areas to farming-pastoral areas and agricultural areas/towns.ESDA could be used to develop effective measures for prevention and control of brucellosis.

OBJECTIVETo explore the central mechanism of moxibustion on analgesic effect.

METHODSMale Wistar rats were screened by pain threshold value before making model, and 48 rats whose pain threshold was (250 +/- 25) g were selected. Twelve male Wistar rats were randomly selected as a normal group. For the rest rats the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model was duplicated by raising in a windy, cold and wet environment combined with injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), and then they were randomly divided into a model group, a moxibustion group and a moxa volatile oil group, 12 rats in each group. The moxibustion and the moxa volatile oil igroup were treated with moxibustion and moxa volatile oil at "Shenshu"(BL 23) and "Zusanli"(ST 36), respectively, for 15 days. No interventions were added on the model group and the normal group. The pain threshold in Iinjured foot and the expression of hypothalamic POMC mRNA and PDYN mRNA in rats were observed.

RESULTSCompared with the normal group, the pain threshold and the expression of hypothalamic POMC mRNA and PDYN mRNA in the model group were increased (all P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the pain threshold and the expression of hypothalamic POMC mRNA and PDYN mRNA in the moxibustion group were increased significantly (all P < 0.01), but no statistically significance in the moxa volatile oil group (P > 0.05). Compared with the moxa volatile oil group, the above-mentioned observative indices in moxibustion group were all increased significantly (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONMoxibustion has obvious analgesic effect and its mechanism may be related to the increasing expression of hypothalamic POMC and PDYN mRNA through the warming effect of moxibustion.

Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapy ; Enkephalins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Male ; Moxibustion ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein Precursors ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo investigate the application of prospective space-time scan statistic in the early stage of detecting infectious disease outbreaks.

METHODSThe prospective space-time scan statistic was tested by mimicking daily prospective analyses of bacillary dysentery data of Chengdu city in 2005 (3212 cases in 102 towns and villages). And the results were compared with that of purely temporal scan statistic.

RESULTSThe prospective space-time scan statistic could give specific messages both in spatial and temporal. The results of June indicated that the prospective space-time scan statistic could timely detect the outbreaks that started from the local site, and the early warning message was powerful (P = 0.007). When the merely temporal scan statistic for detecting the outbreak was sent two days later, and the signal was less powerful (P = 0.039).

CONCLUSIONThe prospective space-time scan statistic could make full use of the spatial and temporal information in infectious disease data and could timely and effectively detect the outbreaks that start from the local sites. The prospective space-time scan statistic could be an important tool for local and national CDC to set up early detection surveillance systems.

China ; Communicable Disease Control ; methods ; Communicable Diseases ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Models, Statistical ; Population Surveillance ; methods ; Prospective Studies

Objective To find out the data sources of respiratory syndromes and their components from the outpatients of general hospitals and to describe the time distribution and mutual relations of different respiratory syndromes. Feasibility of respiratory syndromes used for early warning surveillance on respiratory infectious disease was also under research. Methods Retrospective investigation on Hospital Information System (HIS) was implemented in a general hospital in Guangzhou, 2005, and data of outpatients was collected and classified into different syndromes. The respiratory syndromes with its time distribution similar to influenza like illness (ILI),were selected, and cross-correlation analyses were conducted to inveshgate the feasibility of respiratory syndromes for early warning surveillance on respiratory infection diseases (influenza as an example). Results Primary sub-classification of respiratory syndromes in outpatient department would include upper respiratory infection(URI)(51.20%), trachitis/bronchitis (18.80%), asthma ( 17.52% ), etc. Pulmonary infection accounted for only 2.26%. Time distributions of URI, trachitis/bronchitis, pulmonary infection, cough and asthma in outpatient department, X-ray tests and pneumonia/acute respiratory distress syndromes (ARDSs) in outpatient X-ray room were similar, with two peaks observed. Cross-correlation functions were calculated with the data sets of 1st-28th week.The most significant correlation was detected between the time series of outpatient pulmonary infections and ILIs moved 4 weeks backward (r＝0.739, P＜0.01 ), and that was detected between URIs and ILIs moved 5 weeks backward (r=0.714, P＜0.01 ). Correlation between X-ray tests,pneumonia/ARDSs in outpatient X-ray room and ILIs was the strongest when ILIs time series moved 1 week backward (r=0.858, P＜0.001; r=0.821, P＜0.001 ). Conclusion Outpatient data from HIS system in general hospital could be applied to syndromic surveillance on respiratory diseases. For early warning epidemics or outbreaks of influenza or other respiratory infectious diseases, data of outpatient pulmonary infection appeared to be the most feasible for its specificity and timeliness, followed by URI and cough. X-ray tests and pneumonia/ARDSs in outpatient X-ray findings were important supplementary to verify the respiratory disease epidemics or outbreaks for its good specificity, but with no advantage for early warning.

Application of Rogerson Spatial Pattern Surveillance Method was discussed in real-time surveillance and early monitoring for infectious diseases. Theory of Rogerson Spatial Pattern Surveillance Method was introduced in detail. Data from the program on 'Monitoring epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis with Rogerson Spatial Pattern Surveillance Method' by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention provided evidence as how to choose crucial parameters such as K, H, n0 and tau, how to simulate surveillance process and how to interpret results. Rogerson Spatial Pattern Surveillance Method seemed to be able to continuously monitor the changes of infectious diseases. New cases could be added to this model at any moment and this model could provide early warning information in time when the excess of cases occurred. Simultaneously it could provide the time and site of the extra cases. Rogerson Spatial Pattern Surveillance Method could implement dynamic and real-time surveillance for infectious diseases. Simultaneously it could avoid the problem of multiple tests that causing large type I error. It greatly helped in providing reliable information for controlling infectious diseases in early epidemic period. Hence,it had important value of application in early warning on infectious diseases.
Communicable Diseases ; epidemiology ; Computer Simulation ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Humans ; Population Surveillance ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) combined irradiation on the apoptosis of human lung cancer GLC-82 cells and to study its mechanism.

METHODSThe growth inhibition rate of GLC-82 cells acted by different concentrations DHA was detected using MTT assay at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Clone forming test was used. With multi-target single-hit model, the radiosensitization effect was assessed by calculating sensitizing enhancement ratio (SER).The effect of DHA combined irradiation on the apoptosis of GLC-82 cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. The protein expression of p53, p21, Bcl-2, and Bax were detected by Western blot.

RESULTSDifferent concentrations DHA (4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 μg/mL) had cytotoxicity on GLC-82 cells. The IC50 for 24, 48, and 72 h was 38.25,20.58, and 10.36 μg/mL, respectively, in obvious dose- and time-dependent manner. The growth inhibition rate was more significantly increased than that of the blank control group (P < 0.01, P<0.05). DHA had sensitization enhancement effect on GLC-82 cells, with SER of 1.4. DHA combined irradiation could obviously change the structure of GLC-82 cells cell cycle and induce apoptosis (with the apoptosis rate of 21.5%), which was significantly different from that of the blank control group (P < 0.05). Western blot showed the expression of p53 and p21 protein could be increased by DHA combined irradiation, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein down-regulated (P <0.01, P <0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSDHA had stronger cytotoxicity and radiosensitization on GLC-82 cells. Its mechanisms might lie in making the arrest of GLC-82 cells' growth at G0/G1 phase, decreasing the ratio of cells at S phase, restoring the function of p53, decreasing the expression of Bcl-2 protein, and inducing apoptosis in GLC-82 cells.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Artemisinins ; pharmacology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents ; pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism