Objective To study the effect of exogenous prostaglandin E 1 (PGE 1) on the superoxide dismutase(SOD) and nitric oxide(NO) levels in brain tissue of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD).Methods Sixty 7-day old newborn Wistar rats to establish HIBD models,intraperitoneally and subcutaneous injected PGE 1 and TMP,then the rats were killed after hypo- xia and ischemia for 48 hours.Take cerebral cortex of arteria carotis ligation side and made them into homogenate to detect SOD and NO levels in brain tissue.Results SOD level in HIBD group was lower,and NO level was higher than those of normal group(P

Objective To synthesize 99Tcm- (hydrazinonictinamide- [Lys3] -bombesin) (tricine)(trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3',3"-trisulfonate) ((HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS) (tricine) (TPPTS)) and evaluate its biodistribution and binding capability with tumor tissue in Balb/c nude mice bearing human pancreatic cancer xenografts. Methods HYNIC was conjugated to the [Lys3] -BBS at pH = 9.0 with SnCl2 as reducing agent and both tricine and TPPTS as coligands for 99Tcm-labeling. 99Tcm-HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS)(tricine) (TPPTS) was purified by Sep-Pak C18 cartridge and was analysed by HPLC. The radiochemical purity and radiolabeling yield were measured. The stability of 99Tcm-(HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS) (tricine)(TPPTS) in serum, biodistribution (% ID/g) in the normal mice and imaging of the Balb/c nude mice bearing human pancreatic cancer xenografts in vivo were studied. Results The radiolabeling yield was (90 ±2)% and the radiochemical purity was over 95%. The radiochemical purity after 4 h in serum was over 85%. The distribution in normal mice showed rapid clearance from blood (the uptake was (0.07 ±0.01) %ID/g at 2 h postinjection). 99Tcm-(HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS) (tricine) (TPPTS) was excreted mainly via the kidney with little radioactivity accumulation in the liver and gastrointestinal tract (the uptake of liver, stomach, intestine was (0.27 ±0.03), (0.06 ±0.03), (0.04 ±0.00) %ID/g at 2 h postinjection). Marked uptake of radioactivity was found in tumor tissue of the Balb/c nude mice bearing human pancreatic cancer with maximum T/NT ratio of 3.71 ± 0.57 at 2 h postinjection. Conclusions 99Tcm-(HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS)(tricine) (TPPTS) can be easily prepared with high radiolabeling yield and radiochemical purity. The stability in serum and good biodistribution charateristics make it useful for the diagnosis of human pancreatic cancer with over-expression of the gastric-releasing peptide(GRP) receptor.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of composite material of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and PLGA/TCP in repair of peri-porous-titanium bone defects in adult rabbits.Meth- otis The composite of PLGA/TCP scaffold with bovine BMP was made and implanted in distal bone de- fects peri-porous-titanium in femur of adult rabbits.The effect of BMP with PLGA/TCP on peri-prosthesis was evaluated by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM),energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and biomechanics.Results BMP with PLGA/TCP showed obvious peak of Ca and P of EDX in the pores of titanium in experiment group six weeks after operation and higher than that in control group (P＜0.05).Push-out test demonstrated that the bonding strength between the composite of HA coating/ porous titanium and bone was increased significantly with time (P＜0.05).In experiment group,at 6 and 12 weeks,peri-porous-titanium had higher shearing force compared with control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion BMP loaded with PLGA/TCP is a promising bone graft for bone defects in revision arthro- plasty,as indicates that bone induction of BMP plays an important role in biological stabilizaiton.

Objective: To study the resources of G. leuco c arpa var. yunnanensis for further develop ment of this drug. M ethod:field in vestigating, consulting with relevant experts and looking into available spec imens. Result and C onclusion:G. leucocarpa var. yunnanensis is widely distributed in the so uthern regions of the Yangtze River. The field investigation suggests that the distribution ce nter is situated in Yunnan province, mainly in Kunming, Chuxiong and Dali counti es. The climate in these areas is moderate and moist. G. leucocarpa var. yunnanensis is not a dominant species in this natural environment. In som e places, it grows with other species of Gaultheria , such as G. fragrantissima, G. tetramera, G. griffithiana and G. leucocarpa var. cumingiana. It is di stributed at altitudes from 400　m to 3　500　m. Accustomed to different sunshine conditions, G. leucocarpa var. yunnanensis prefers stronger sunlight and commonly grows on sunny slopes, seldom in dense forest, propagating itself by roots. As a folk medicine, G. leucocarpa var. yunnanensis is commonl y used t o treat rheumatic arthritis(RA), dazzling, suppressed menstruation, cold, cough, asthma, strain hematemesis, eczema, ascites, wound, amebic dysenter y, acute and chronic prostatitis. It is suggested that further pharmacological a nd clinical researches of this plant be concentrat ed on the treatment of RA and relief of aches.

BACKGROUNDIn tumors the process of apoptosis occurs over an interval of time after chemotherapy. It is important to determine the best time for detecting apoptosis by in vivo imaging. In this study, we evaluated the dynamics and feasibility of imaging non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) apoptosis induced by paclitaxel treatment using a (99)Tc(m)-labeled Annexin V recombinant with ten consecutive histidines (His10-Annexin V) in a mouse model.

METHODS(99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V was prepared by one step direct labeling; radio-chemical purity (RCP) and radio-stability was tested. The binding of (99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V to apoptotic cells was validated in vitro using camptothecin-induced Jurkat cells. In vivo bio-distribution was determined in mice by dissection. The human H460 NSCLC tumor cell line (H460) tumor-bearing mice were treated with intravenous paclitaxel 24, 48 and 72 hours later. (99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V was injected intravenously, and planar images were acquired at 2, 4 and 6 hours post-injection on a dual-head gamma camera fitted with a pinhole collimator. Tumor-to-normal tissue ratios (T/NT) were calculated by ROI analysis and they reflected specific binding of (99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V. Mice were sacrificed after imaging. Caspase-3, as the apoptosis detector, was determined by flow cytometry, and DNA fragmentation was analyzed by the terminal deoxynucleotidytransferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Nonspecific accumulation of protein was estimated using bovine serum albumin (BSA). The imaging data were correlated with TUNEL-positive nuclei and caspase-3 activity.

RESULTS(99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V had a RCP > 98% and high stability 2 hours after radio-labeling, and it could bind to apoptotic cells with high affinity. Bio-distribution of (99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V showed predominant uptake in kidney, relatively low uptake in myocardium, liver and gastrointestinal tract, and rapid clearance from blood and kidney was observed. The T/NT was significantly increased after paclitaxel treatment, whereas it was low in untreated tumors (T/NT = 1.43 ± 0.18). The %ID/g activity in Group 2 (24 hours), Group 3 (48 hours) and Group 4 (72 hours) after treatment was 2.55 ± 0.73, 3.35 ± 1.10, and 3.4 ± 0.96, respectively. Whereas in the non-treated group, Group 1, %ID/g was 1.10 ± 0.18. The radiotracer uptake was positively correlated to the apoptotic index (r = 0.852, P < 0.01), as well as caspase-3 activity (r = 0.816, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThis study addresses the dynamics and feasibility of imaging non-small cell lung tumor apoptosis using (99)Tc(m)- His10-Annexin V.

Animals ; Annexin A5 ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Disease Models, Animal ; Histidine ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Mice ; Organotechnetium Compounds ; Paclitaxel ; therapeutic use ; Radiopharmaceuticals

BACKGROUNDBacterial infections remain a serious complication following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of a guideline for the appropriate use of antibiotics in CABG during the perioperative period.

METHODSSix hundred and fourteen hospitalized patients who had undergone CABG from January to June 2006 were randomly allocated to an intervention group and a control group. The data on the hospital stay, days of antibiotic used, types of prophylactic antibiotics used, surgical wound infection and pulmonary infection and antibiotic costs for the patients were compared.

RESULTSThe postoperative hospitalization days of the intervention group were significantly fewer than that for the control group (P < 0.05). The time of antibiotic use and post-infection treatment time were also significantly less in the intervention group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The average hospital daily cost and total cost of antibiotics were less in the intervention group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, prophylactic antibiotic use in the intervention group was more reasonable.

CONCLUSIONSThe guideline for the appropriate use of antibiotics in CABG during the perioperative period is effective strategies for reducing antibiotic costs, the time of antibiotic use and post-infection treatment time without compromising the patients' clinical outcome.

Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; economics ; therapeutic use ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; economics ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perioperative Period

Objective To develop and optimize a module for the automatic production of N-succinimidyl-4-[18F] fluorobenzoate (18F-SFB) that is used for further 18F labelling C2A domain of Synaptotagmin Ⅰ . The conjugated compound was applied for detecting the tumor apoptosis in rabbit model after chemotherapy. Methods GE TRACERlab and TRACERlab FXF-N modules were modified and programmed to automatically produce 18 F-SFB which was further analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).C2A-glutathione S transferase (GST) was conjugated with 18F-SFB (18F-FB-C2A-GST) and subsequently purified by HPLC. Two rabbits grafted with VX2 lung cancer were first treated with chemotherapy and then,37 MBq of 18F-FB-C2A-GST was administered via the auricular vein. Serial PET/CT imagings were performed at 0.5, 1 and 2 h post-injection respectively. Tumor apoptosis was examined by pathological study. Results The TRACERlab FXFoG and TRACERlab FXF-N modules were successfully adapted to synthesize18F-SFB, with the radiochenmical yield (76.41 ±4.00)% (n = 10), the corrected yield (45.43 ±5.90 ) % and the radiochemical purity about 95%. The whole procedure for labeling 18 F-SFB was about 87 min.From PET/CT imagings, significant uptake was found in the tumor after chemotherapy, but no obvious up-take was found in heart, lungs and liver. HE staining demonstrated large number of apoptotic bodies within the tumor tissues. Conclusions 18 F-SFB can be automatically synthesized. 18F-FB-C2A-GST might be useful for the detection of apoptosis in tumor after chemotherapy.

Objective The factors influencing the dose distribution of intracavitary brachytherapy for moderately advanced and advanced uterine cervical cancer was studied.Methods Ninty-five patients with cervical cancerⅡ～Ⅲb who received radical radiation therapy in our department from Aug,2004 to Nov,2005,were treated with after-loading brachytherapy using,first,the self-designed“Mutipurpose Hori- zontal Transit Table”(MPHTT) for locating and treatment before the intracavitaray brachytherapy proper. The deviation of isodose curve based on A-B reference system,and the dose of deviation was defined by measuring in a practical standard phantom.Results There were significant influence on the deviation of i- sodose curve in pathology and para-metrial infiltration of cervical cancer and operating skill,but negative to clinical stage.The degree of deviation of isodose curve could not be lowered with the increase in sessions of intracavitary brachytherapy.Conclusions It is necessary to perform the locating,by use of mphtt,before the proper brachytherapy for patients with cervical cancer,not only for the identification of the deviation of i- sodose curve,but also to provide the evidence for revising the plan for dose adjustment of conformal radiation therapy in the pelvic cavity.

Objective Radionuclide-labeled low molecular weight polypeptide is reeently advocated for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of 131Ⅰ-Tyr-octreotide in nude mice bearing human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods 131Ⅰ-Tyr-octreotide was prepared by Ch-T method. The radiochemical purity was measured and biodistribution was evaluated. The nude mice models bearing human NSCLC were studied and divided into four groups: group A injected 131Ⅰ-Tyr-octreotide through tail vein, group B injected normal saline, group C injected 131Ⅰ-Tyroctreotide through stroma and group D injected 131Ⅰ through stroma. The radioactivity ratio of tumor to normal tissue (T/NT) was calculated over region of interest (ROI). The tumor cell cycle and cell apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotion nick end labeling (TUNEL) and histopathological analysis. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 11.0, and the comparison for difference between groups performed with one-way ANOVA analysis. Results The labeled radiochemical purity was (95.23±1.67)% and specific activity of 3.5×106Bq/ug. The biodistributiou showed high uptake in kidney, and low uptake in liver and spleen. The radioactive uptake in group C was higher than the other groups, and the retention time was longer. The T/NT was 52.74±0.13 after 24 h, which was much higher than that the other groups (group D: 8.90±0.23, group A: 6.42±0.02, q=628.81 and 664.33, all P<0.05). The resuits of tmnor cell cycle determined by FCM showed that the G1 phase was blocked mast remarkably in group C than the other groups [group C: (83.17±6.86)%, group A: (57.02±18.81)%, group D: (49.29±7.80)%, group B: (45.88±5.13)%, q=5.29, 6.86, 7.55, 1.56, 2.26, 0.69, all P<0.05]. Apeptotic cells were observed by TUNEL, and apoptotic body was detected by immuno-histochemical examination. Conclusions 131Ⅰ-Tyr-octreotide was easily labeled by Ch-T. 131Ⅰ-Tyr-octreotide could induce tumor cell apoptosis and inhibit the tumor cell of NSCLC. It might be a potential target-directed agent in NSCLC.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the etiological significance of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical cancer and the clinical utility of HPV detection in cervical cancer screening.

METHODSHybrid capture II test was used to detect 13 high-risk HPV genotypes from cervical scrapes of 2636 women. Cervical cytology was also evaluated in 454 of them by ThinPrep Pap smear.

RESULTSAmong 2636 women, 699 (26.5%) were found to be high-risk HPV positive. The highest infection rate (59.4%) was found in the age group of < or = 20 years and the lowest infection rate in the age group of 41 approximately 50 years (21.0%). Significant differences in HPV infection rate were found between different cities in Guangdong province, such as those between Xinhui and Guangzhou, Xinhui and Shenzhen, Xinhui and Dongguan (P < 0.01). Fifteen out of 16 women (93.8%) with cervical carcinoma were infected with high-risk HPV versus 24 out of 125 women (19.2%) attending routine cervical cancer screening (P < 0.001). The HPV infection rate was 30.8% (142 out of 461) in women with cervical erosion, which was significantly lower than that in patients with cervical carcinoma (P < 0.001). HPV DNA were detected in 100% (2/2) of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 100% (12/12) high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), 88.9% (16/18) of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and 37.8% (28/74) of atypical squamous cells (ASC).

CONCLUSIONHigh-risk HPV genotypes are the major causes of cervical cancers and HPV detection is a reliable adjuvant tool for cervical cancer screening.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; epidemiology ; pathology ; virology ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; epidemiology ; pathology ; virology ; Cervix Uteri ; pathology ; virology ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; isolation & purification ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Papanicolaou Test ; Papillomaviridae ; isolation & purification ; Papillomavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Risk Factors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology ; virology ; Vaginal Smears