To investigate the mechanisms underlying the issue that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) could trigger low responsiveness of allogeneic T lymphocytes against alloantigens, phenotypes of T cells were analysed with flow cytometry before and after coculture of allogeneic T lymphocytes with MSC. Further, expression of cytokines including IL-4, IFN-gamma and TGF-beta1 was evaluated by RT-PCR and ELISA as well. The results showed that CD8(+) subpopulation was increased and CD25(+) subset was decreased in proportion after coculture of allogeneic T lymphocytes with MSC for 2 weeks. RT-PCR assay showed that MSC expressed TGF-beta1 but not IL-4 and IFN-gamma, and the result was further proved by ELISA assay showing that the secretion of TGF-beta1 reached to 1 ng/ml in 72 hours. It was concluded that allogeneic MSC suppressed T cells activation by alteration of T cell subpopulations. The suppressive effect was at least in part due to the secretion of TGF-beta1. The results indicate that MSC pretreatment might be useful in the prevention of GVHD in HLA-mismatched bone marrow transplantation and further donors for hematopoietic stem cells could be selected from greater potentials.
Bone Marrow Cells ; physiology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Isoantigens ; immunology ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stem Cells ; physiology ; secretion ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; physiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

Purpose: This study investigated the value of synchronous tele-ultrasonography (TUS) for naive operators in thyroid ultrasonography (US) examinations. Methods: Ninety-seven patients were included in this prospective, parallel-controlled trial. Thyroid scanning and diagnosis were completed by resident A independently, resident B with guidance from a US expert through synchronous TUS, and an on-site US expert. The on-site expert’s findings constituted the reference standard. Two other off-site US experts analyzed all data in a blind manner. Inter-operator consistency between the two residents and the on-site US expert for thyroid size measurements, nodule measurements, nodule features, American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) categories, and image quality was compared. Two questionnaires were completed to evaluate the clinical benefit. Results: Resident B detected more nodules consistent with the on-site expert than resident A did (89.4% vs. 56.5%, P<0.001). Resident B achieved excellent consistency with the on-site expert in terms of ACR TI-RADS categories, nodule composition, shape, echogenic foci, and vascularity (all intra-class correlation coefficients [ICCs] >0.75), while resident A achieved lower consistency in ACR TI-RADS categories, composition, echogenicity, margin, echogenic foci, and vascularity (all ICCs 0.40-0.75). Residents A and B had excellent consistency in target nodule measurements (all ICCs >0.75). Resident B achieved better performance than resident A for gray values, time gain compensation, depth, color Doppler adjustment, and the visibility of key information (all P<0.05). Furthermore, 61.9% (60/97) of patients accepted synchronous TUS, and 59.8% (58/97) patients were willing to pay for it. Conclusion Synchronous TUS can help inexperienced residents achieve comparable thyroid diagnostic capability to a US expert.

Objective To analyze the efficacy of plasma adjuvant therapy on coagulation disorders in patients with traumatic brain injury and its relation with the prognosis.Methods Prospective study was performed on patients with traumatic brain injury and coagulation disorders,admitted to our hospitals from January 2010 to June 2012; these patients were divided into conventional treatment group and plasma adjuvant therapy group.Cranial CT was performed and blood coagulation function was checked at admission,and then,coagulation function was re-checked again 3 days after therapy and cranial CT within 3 days.The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was marked 21 days after treatment.The improvement of coagulation disorders,secondary bleeding and prognosis were compared between the two groups.Results As compared with those in the conventional treatment group,the prothrombin time,partial thromboplastin time,secondary hemorrhage rate in the plasma adjuvant therapy group were significantly reduced (P＜0.05).The differences of D-dimer content and GOS scores between the two groups were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion Plasma adjuvant therapy effectively improves the coagulation function,reduces the incidence of intracranial secondary bleeding,but can not obviously improve the prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVETo address the question whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could lower responsiveness of allogeneic T lymphocytes against alloantigens, and explore a feasible strategy for prevention of graft versus host disease (GVHD) occurred in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

METHODST cells were co-cultured with (60)Co-irradiated bone marrow MSCs from different individuals. The proliferative activity of T cells and their reactivity to allogeneic cells and ConA were evaluated with (3)H-TdR incorporation assay.

RESULTST cells could not be activated upon primary or even secondary exposure to allogeneic MSCs (compared the CPM value of 27,529 +/- 969 of T cell alone with that of primary and secondary exposures to allogeneic MSCs were 9,126 +/- 654 and 13,260 +/- 874, respectively). When MSCs were induced to express HLA-DR, they still could not elicit T cell activation. The proliferation rate of allogenous T cells exposed to MSCs was dramatically declined when T cells from the same donor's MSCs were used as stimulator (CPM value decreased from 45,876 +/- 5285 before coculture to 9850 +/- 1618 after coculture). Furthermore, the results remained unchanged even ConA was added into the culture system.

CONCLUSIONSHeterogenetic MSCs could suppress T cell activation. MSCs pretreatment might be useful in the prevention of GVHD in HLA-mismatched bone marrow transplantation.

Bone Marrow Cells ; immunology ; Cell Communication ; immunology ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Graft vs Host Disease ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology

Lung cancer is a common malignancy with a high morbidity and high mortality. Although chemoradiotherapy is still the main therapy, the side effects caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy cannot be ignored. There is an urgent need to find a targeted anti-cancer compound with a low toxicity and strong effect. Therefore, a large number of natural product-derived compounds have received increasing attention for their anti-cancer effect. They are diverse in structure, rich in variety but simpler in composition than natural plants, with a clear efficacy. This facilitates research, and the enriched ingredients have stronger pharmacological effect and clinical efficacy than natural plants. Quinonoids are natural bioactive molecules that widely exist in more than 100 species of higher and lower plants, including naphthoquinones, phenanthrenequinones, benzoquinones and pyrenes. Most of them have anti-tumor effect. They are applied and studied in many cancers, especially lung cancer; and the mechanism of action involves multiple pathways, which play a role in promoting apoptosis, inhibiting proliferation, inducing autophagy, inhibiting angiogenesis and cell invasion and migration. When they are used in combination with other drugs, there is also an anti-tumor effect. With the development of researches, many synthetic quinonoid derivatives with similar structures also increase the diversity of anti-cancer steroids, and quinonoids have broad application prospects in lung cancer. On the basis of a large amount of literature, this article reviews current studies on the molecular mechanisms of antitumor activity of quinonoids, summarizes the common research targets with different effect, and analyzes the relationship between the pharmacological effects and anti-lung cancer effects of quinonoids, and proposes the direction of further research, so as to provide the reference for the follow-up research and development of other quinonoids.

Mercury sphygmomanometer based on traditional auscultation method is widely used in primary medical institutions in China, but a large amount of blood pressure data can not be directly recorded and applied in scientific research analysis, meanwhile auscultation data is the clinical standard to verify the accuracy of non-invasive electronic sphygmomanometer. Focusing on this, we designed a miniature non-invasive blood pressure measurement and verification system, which can assist doctors to record blood pressure data automatically during the process of auscultation. Through the data playback function,the software of this system can evaluate and verify the blood pressure algorithm of oscillographic method, and then continuously modify the algorithm to improve the measurement accuracy. This study introduces the hardware selection and software design process in detail. The test results show that the system meets the requirements of relevant standards and has a good application prospect.
Auscultation ; Blood Pressure/physiology* ; Blood Pressure Determination ; Oscillometry ; Sphygmomanometers

To solve the problem of real-time detection and removal of EEG signal noise in anesthesia depth monitoring, we proposed an adaptive EEG signal noise detection and removal method. This method uses discrete wavelet transform to extract the low-frequency energy and high-frequency energy of a segment of EEG signals, and sets two sets of thresholds for the low-frequency band and high-frequency band of the EEG signal. These two sets of thresholds can be updated adaptively according to the energy situation of the most recent EEG signal. Finally, we judge the level of signal interference according to the range of low-frequency energy and high-frequency energy, and perform corresponding denoising processing. The results show that the method can more accurately detect and remove the noise interference in the EEG signal, and improve the stability of the calculated characteristic parameters.
Algorithms ; Electroencephalography ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Wavelet Analysis

Objective:To investigate the effect of astragaloside on the macrophage polarization and the possible anti-tumor immunity mechanism of astragaloside. Method:The cytotoxic effect of different concentrations of astragaloside at different time points on macrophage was measured by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), in order to choose the suitable concentration of astragaloside, macrophages were co-cultured with tumor cells at the ratio 1:1, and the effect of astragaloside on macrophage-mediated lysis of tumor cells was performed by biophotonic cytotoxicity assay after the mixed cells were effected with 0.1 mg·L^-1 astragaloside for 24 h. Macrophages were dealt with 0.1 mg·L^-1 astragaloside for 24h, the expressions of CD16/32 and CD206 in macrophages were performed by flow cytometry, the mRNA expressions of macrophage inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Arginine-1 (Arg-1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-12 (IL-12), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were measured by Real-time PCR, the protein expressions of macrophage signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) and phosphorylation signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (p-STAT1) were determined by Western blot. Result:Astragaloside had no effect on the viability of macrophages with 0.1 mg·L^-1. Compared with control group, astragaloside obviously enhanced the macrophage-mediated lysis of tumor cells according to the biophotonic cytotoxicity assay, induced the M1 macrophage marker CD16/32 expression according to flow cytometry, increased the mRNA expressions of iNOS, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-12 according to the Real-time PCR, and promoted the phosphorylation of STAT1 in macrophages on the basis of Western blot. Conclusion:Astragaloside could induce M1 macrophage polarization by increasing the phosphorylation of STAT1, and initiate macrophage-related anti-tumor immunity response.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of nucleolin (NCL) involved in lymphoma proliferation by regulating thymidine kinase 1 (TK1). METHODS: Twenty-three patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) were selected and divided into initial treatment group (14 cases) and relapsed/refractory group (9 cases). Serum TK1 and C23 protein in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were detected. Cell models of CA46-NCL-KD (CA46-NCL-knockdown) and CA46-NCL-KNC (CA46-NCL-knockdown negative control) were established by lentivirus vector mediated transfection in Burkitt lymphoma cell line CA46. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of CA46-NCL-KD, CA46-NCL-KNC, and CA46 to adriamycin were detected by cell proliferation assay (MTS). The expression of NCL mRNA and protein in CA46-NCL-KD and CA46-NCL-KNC cells were dectected by Q-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The cell cycle of CA46-NCL-KD, CA46-NCL-KNC, and CA46 cells were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of TK1 protein in CA46-NCL-KD and CA46-NCL-KNC cells was detected by an enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) dot blot assay. RESULTS: The level of serum TK1 in the initial treatment group was 0.43(0-30-1.01) pmol/L, which was lower than 10.56(2.19-14.99) pmol/L in the relapsed/refractory group (P<0-01), and the relative expression level of NCL protein in peripheral blood was also significantly lower. The IC₅₀ of CA46-C23-KD cells to adriamycin was (0.147±0.02) μg/ml, which was significantly lower than (0.301±0.04) μg/ml of CA46-C23-KNC cells and (0.338±0.05) μg/ml of CA46 cells (P<0.05). Compared with CA46-NCL-KNC cells, the expression of NCL mRNA and protein, TK1 protein decreased in CA46-NCL-KD cells, and the proportion of S phase and G₂/M phase also decreased, while G0/G1 phase increased in cell cycle. CONCLUSION The increased expression of NCL in DLBCL and CA46 cells indicates low sensitivity to drug. NCL may participate in regulation of lymphoma proliferation by affecting TK1 expression, thereby affecting the drug sensitivity.
Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism* ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Lymphoma ; Thymidine Kinase/pharmacology* ; Doxorubicin/pharmacology* ; Cell Division ; RNA, Messenger/genetics*

The classical famous prescription Dajianzhong Decoction is recorded in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber written by Zhang Zhongjing in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It has a long history and definite clinical effects, while this prescription has not been manufactured into Chinese patent medicine preparation. We collected many ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) by using the method of bibliometrics and got 211 valid data terms which involved 67 ancient books. The history, main treated syndromes, formulation principle, origins and processiong of medicinal materials, and decoction method of Dajianzhong Decoction were analyzed. Despite the different views of various generations of medical experts toward the composition of this prescription, the compatibility ratio of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma to Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens is constant. Furthermore, we explored the origins of synonyms of Dajianzhong Decoction. On the basis of this study, we hope to gain an insight into the research and development of the compound preparations of Dajianzhong Decoction and provide reference for the heritage and innovation of other classical prescriptions.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Prescriptions ; Rhizome