Objective To observe the influence of silymarin on expressions of transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1) and collagen type Ⅲ(Col Ⅲ) in rats with experimental tubulointerstitial fibrosis(TIF) induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO).Methods Se-venty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:sham operation group(n=24),model group(n=24) and silymarin treatment group(n=24).The rats in model group and treatment group were operated by ligation of left-ureter.The rats in sham opera-tion group operated by dissociating left-ureter were taken as controls.Rats in treatment group were fed with silymarin [30 mg/(kg?d)]24 h before operation,and rats in model group and sham operation group were treated by intragastric administration with the same volume nomal saline at the same time.Eight rats were killed at day 7,14,and 21,respectively.The score of TIF changes,histologically,was evaluated under light microscope.Expressions of TGF-?1 and Col Ⅲ in tubulointerstitial tissue in 3 groups were investigated by immunohistochemistry.Results 1.The TIF pathological index in treatment group was less than that in model group,but more than sham operation group at day 14 and 21(Pa

Ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles combined with low frequency ultrasound named as low-frequency ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction technology has become an effective and non-invasive anti-tumor therapy for deep tumors.It can enhance the efficacies of chemotherapy,gene therapy,immunotherapy,and anti-angiogenic therapy by improving cell membrane permeability and destroying tumor neovasculature.It can be applied to sonodynamic therapy and realize multimodal synergistic therapy on the basis of nanoparticles,which increases the anti-tumor efficiency and offers a promising target therapy for tumors.
Contrast Media ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Microbubbles ; Neoplasms ; Ultrasonography

Interferon ( IFN) plays an essential role in antiviral infection.Interferons are divided into different categories according to their structure and function.People have attached increasing importance to TypeⅠinterferon( IFN-Ⅰ) in light of its unusual antiviral mechanism.This review is intended to shed light on IFN-Ⅰ,including its antiviral function,signal pathway and regulation.

Culling protein is a member of Cullin-Ring-based E3-ligases ( CRLs family) , which belong to E3 ubiquitin ligases. Cullin plays diverse and essential roles in many biological processes through mediating the ubiquitination of target proteins. This article summarizes the potential functions of Culling proteins in gamete genesis and maturation, embryo development, and reproductive related disorders.
Cullin Proteins ; Humans ; Urogenital System

Based on the plasma activation and the sensing ability of cataluminescence, a low temperature plasma-assisted cataluminescence sensor was developed for ethylene detection using the low-cost and abundant alkaline-earth oxides of MgO nanomaterials as the sensing materials.Taking advantage of the high activity of the plasma, the working temperature of this method was greatly decreased than that of traditional detection method (300-500℃), and the sensing of ethylene was realized at room temperature without any heating device.This ethylene cataluminescence sensor gave a linear range of 112-4997 ng/mL (90-3998 ppm, R=0.97669) with a detection limit of 37 ng/mL (30 ppm).Besides, the sensor showed good selectivity and stability in ethylene detection.Due to the absence of the heating element, the present sensor was simple, rapid, low-cost, low energy-consumption and stable for ethylene sensing.This study improved the applicability of cataluminescence sensors and might promote the development of cataluminescence sensors.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)on children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome(SDNS).Methods Sixteen children with SDNS,diagnosed at onset,included 12 males and 4 females,aged(5.0?1.6) years,were administrated with MMF[25 mg/(kg?d)] and low-dose prednisone[0.5-1.0 mg/(kg?d),average 0.67 mg/(kg?d)].MMF was reduced to half of initial dosage after 6 months and maintained for 3 months,while dosage of prednisone was tapered gradually based on patients disease profile.Twenty-four hours urinary protein excretion,serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen,liver function were conducted regularly,respectively.The clinical efficacy and safety were assessed after 3 months treatment.Results Thirteen of 16 patients treated with MMF and prednisone remained in complete remission.Three children remained remission partly.Difference markedly was observed in 24 hours urinary protein excretion and serum albumin before and after treatment.Conclusions MMF is an effective and safe immunosuppressive agent for children with SDNS.

Objective To build the cohort of drug resistance and analyze treatment efficiency of AIDS patients and situation of drug resistant mutations among HIV-1 infected individuals.Methods A cohort of 116 HIV-1 infected patients was built and their treatment progress were acquired once every 6 months.At the sanle time CD4+ T cell counts and HIV-1 viral load were measured and genotyping for drug resistance was determined by a home brew nested PCR.Results The CD4+ T cell count(470±251/ml)was higher than that before treatment in patients who were treated by AZT/DDI/NVP or D4T/DDL/NVP.The viral load was lower than that before treatmenL The drug resistant mutation frequency increased gradually along with treatment.The CD4+ T cell count was decreased and viral load was increased and the prevalence of drug resistant mutation was increased in the patients who changed regimens to AZT/3TC/NVP or D41/3TC/NVP.Only one primary mutation that was resistant to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)was detected in the naive patients.The cross-resistant mutation was detected in two patients after 6 months treatment. The intermediate resistance to lopinavir(LPV) was detected after 12 months treatment.The prevalence of high-grade resistances to NNRTIs was increased obviously,and the prevalence of multi-resistance and cross-resistance was detected in 5 patients after 36 months treatment.Conclusions The prevalence of primary mutation was rare in naive HIV-1 infected patients.The prevalence of drug resistant mutation was inereased gradually along with treatment.Ahhough few regimens were available,the treatment effect could last relatively long period of time if patients keep taking medicine stably.The regimens could be changed according to the results of drug resistant test.

To investigate the cytotoxicity of the homemade peptide cationic liposome CDO14 and its efficacy of RNA interference (RNAi). MTT method was used to determine the cytotoxicity of the liposome to a human lung cancer cell line Luc-A549 that can express luciferase stably. Luciferase siRNA (Luc-siRNA) was transfected into Luc-A549 cells by CDO14. Contents of luciferase in the transfected cells were detected by luminous instrument and contents of total protein in these cells were detected by BCA method. Nude mice were inoculated with Luc-A549 cells in axilla to establish xenograft tumor model. Complexes of Luc-siRNA and the cationic liposomes were injected into the modeling mice via tail vein. Contents of luciferase in the transfected mice were detected by the whole body imaging system. The cytotoxicity of the homemade cationic liposome was similar to that of commercial liposome DOTAP, and lower than that of Lipo2000. The siRNA transfection efficacy mediated by CDO14 was higher than that mediated by DOTAP. The homemade peptide cationic liposome CDO14 is expected to serve as delivery vector in gene therapy because of its low cytotoxicity and high transfection efficiency.
Animals ; Cations ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Liposomes ; Luciferases ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Peptides ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transfection

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cerebellar Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; Cerebellopontine Angle ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the tubular interstitial fibrosis and on the levels of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and ectodermal dysplasia-1 (ED-1) in the process of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral occlusion(UUO).Methods Ninety-six Sprague-Dauley (SD) male rats were divided into 4 groups randomly:sham-operated group (n =24),model group (n =24),low-dose therapy group (n =24) and high-dose therapy group(n =24).The rats in the model group and treatment groups were ligated at the left ureter and UUO was induced,meanwhile,the rats in the control group were free from the left ureter ligation.Rats received sodium hydrosulfide(NaHS) in traperitoneatly(1.4 μmol/kg,twice a day),and NaHS(7.0 μmol/kg,twice a day),respectively.Rats in sham-operated group and the model group were injected intraperitoneally with identical voluminal 9 g/L saline.Eight rats in each group were sacrificed randomly at the 7 days,14 days and 21 days,respectively.The concentration of plasma H2S was detected.Renal tubular interstitial damage and interstitial fibrosis were evaluated with routine HE staining and Masson staining under microscope,and both of them were used to evaluate the obstruction of renal histopathological changes.The expressions of ED-1 and KIM-1 were measured with immunohistochemical staining.Results 1.The pathological findings showed that the renal tubular interstitial changes were not obvious in the shamoperated group.The tubular epithelial cells in the model group and treatment groups showed swelling and vacuoles degeneration,with renal interstitial broadening,interstitial cells and extracellular matrix increasing.The renal tubular interstitial pathological injury of model group and treatment group were more serious than those in the sham-operated group at each time point(P ＜ 0.05).The renal tubular interstitial pathological injury of the treatment groups were obviously lower than that in the model group(P ＜0.05).However,there was no statistically significant difference between highdose therapy group and low-dose therapy group(P ＞ 0.05).2.Immunohistochemical analysis showed that expressions of ED-1 and KIM-1 in renal tubular interstitices in the model group and the treatment groups were higher than those in the sham-operated group at each time point(P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of ED-1 and KIM-1 in renal tubular interstitices in the treatment groups were obviously lower than those in the model group(P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the high-dose therapy group and the low-dose therapy group(P ＞0.05).3.Plasma H2S levels in model group and treatment group were lower than those in the sham-operated group at each time point (P ＜ 0.05).The plasma H2S level of the treatment group was obviously higher than that in the model group(P ＜ 0.05).However,there was no statistically significant difference between high-dose therapy group and low-dose therapy group (P ＞0.05).Conclusions H2S implements renal protection effect partly by reducing the expression of ED-1 and KIM-1 in tubule interstitices to ease tubular interstitial fibrosis.