To determine the number average molecular mass of chitosan-oligosaccharide by u-sing the acetylacetone's method based on the color-producing reaction with amino terminal . Via the tests on the repetitiveness, accuracy and the stability, supposed this method was reliable. At the same time, the contrastive results of HPLC and the traditional K3Fe(CN)6 method indicate that the acetylacetone method was more suitable for the determination of chitosan-oligosaccharide molecular mass.

The influence of low tube voltage in dual source CT (DSCT) coronary artery imaging on image quality and radiation dose and its application value in clinical practice were investigated. Totally, 300 cases of chest pain with low body mass index (BMI <18.5 kg/m(2)) subjected to DSCT coronary artery imaging were prospectively enrolled. The heart rate in all patients were greater than 65/min. The retrospective ECG gated scanning mode and simple random sampling method were used to assign the patients into groups A, B and C (n=100 each). The patients in groups A, B and C experienced 120-, 100-, and 80-kV tube voltage imaging respectively, and the image quality was evaluated. The CT volume dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were recorded, and the effective dose (ED) was calculated in each group. The image quality scores and radiation doses in groups were compared, and the influence of tube voltage on image quality and radiation dose was analyzed. The results showed that the excellent rate of image quality in groups A, B and C was 95.69%, 94.72% and 96.33% respectively with the difference being not statistically significant among the three groups (P>0.05). The CTDIvol values in groups A, B and C were 51.35±12.21, 21.28±7.13 and 6.34±3.34 mGy, respectively, with the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05). The ED values in groups A, B and C were 9.27±1.63, 4.56±2.29 and 2.29±1.69 mSv, respectively, with the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05). It was suggested that for the patients with low BMI, the application of DSCT coronary artery imaging with low tube voltage can obtain satisfactory image quality, and simultaneously, significantly reduce the radiation dose.

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the distribution and drug resistance characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in patients with neutropenic acute leukemia (AL) and bloodstream infections (BSI). Methods　The clinical data of 258 neutropenic acute leukemia patients with bloodstream infections, who admitted to Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2016 to December 2021, were collected and analyzed for pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance. Results A total of 268 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 258 patients, including 180 strains of gram-negative bacteria (67.16%), 61 strains of gram-positive bacteria (22.76%), and 27 strains of fungi (10.07%). Gram-negative bacteria were mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae (53/268, 19.78%), Escherichia coli (49/268, 18.28%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (41/268, 15.30%). Gram-positive bacteria were mainly coagulase negative Staphylococcus (31/268, 11.57%) and Staphylococcus aureus(17/268, 6.34%). The main fungi were Candida tropicalis (25/268, 9.33%). Escherichia coli (33/268, 12.31%) was the most common pathogen isolated from acute myeloid leukemia (AML), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25/268, 9.33%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (18/268, 6.72%) and Candida tropicalis (18/268, 6.72%). Klebsiella pneumoniae (35/268, 13.06%) was the most common pathogen isolated from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL),followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15/268, 5.60%) and Escherichia coli (14/268, 5.22%). The resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam, imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, amikacin, cefoxitin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was low. Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to linezolid and vancomycin. Candida was sensitive to flucytosine, amphotericin B and itraconazole. Conclusions　In patients with granulosa after AL chemotherapy combined with BSI, the pathogenic bacteria isolated from AML are diverse, and the pathogenic bacteria isolated from ALL are mainly gram-negative bacteria. Pathogenic bacteria have different degrees of drug resistance to commonly used antibacterial drugs, so it is important to strengthen the monitoring of the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and the change of drug resistance and rational use of antibacterial drugs to minimize the death of patients.

OBJECTIVETo explore the protective effects of bicyclol against renal interstitial fibrosis and possible mechanisms of the protection.

METHODSEighty-one Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to a sham-operated group and UUO groups with and without bicyclol treatment. A rat model of renal interstitial fibrosis was prepared by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Renal tissues were examined by hematoxylin & eosin and Masson staining on 7, 14 and 21 days. Immunhistochemistry was used for determining plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) expression in the renal interstitium. PAI-1 mRNA expression in renal tissues was semi-quantitatively determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSThe relative areas of renal interstitial fibrosis in the bicyclol-treated UUO group 7, 14 and 21 days after operation were (9.6 ± 0.6)%, (16.8 ± 0.8)% and (33.6 ± 1.6)% respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the untreated UUO group [13.0 ± 0.7)%, (25.8 ± 1.5)% and (53.2 ± 2.5)% respectively] (P<0.05). The levels of protein and mRNA expression of PAI-1 in the bicyclol-treated UUO group decreased significantly compared with those in the untreated UUO group 7, 14 and 21 days after operation (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBicyclol can alleviate renal interstitial injury and renal interstitial fibrosis caused by UUO in rats, possibly through a downregulation of renal PAI-1 expression.

Animals ; Biphenyl Compounds ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Fibrosis ; Kidney ; chemistry ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ; analysis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Ureteral Obstruction ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology

Dextroscope workstation is an advanced equipment developed in recent years and isused to make virtual reality model.We not only used it in surgical planning of thyroid disease,but also applied it in clinic teaching.Application of Dextroscope virtual reality system can help to improve students'capabilities of clinical thoughts and clinical techniques,stimulate their learning interest,enlarge the knowledge,shorten learning curve and release the conflict in practice.Dextroscope system will push forward the progress of education reform,so it is worth spreading.

Objective To observe the effects of five flavonoids include rutin(RU),dihydromyricetin(DMY),hesperetin(HP),daidzein(DA)and hydroxysaffor yellow A(HYSA)on myocardiocyte apoptosis induced by H2O2 and to explore their relationships with Keshan disease and the possible mechanism.Methods Primary cultured cardiocytes of neonatal rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,and flavonoids preincubation group.The cardiocyte apoptosis was examined by fluorescent staining,the rates of apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry,the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins associated with apoptosis were observed:by Western blot.Results Compared with model group[(24.33±6.51)%],RU[(13.95±3.80)%],DA[(11.82±3.50)%],HYSA[(12.33±3.78)%]could decreased the rate of apoptosis(P＜0.05).The five flavonoids could up-regulate Bcl-2 expression,down-regulate Bax expression,and increase the Bcl-2/Bax ratio[RU(0.989±0.094),DMY(0.931±0.280),HP(0.980±0.095),DA(1.049±0.092),HYSA(1.031±0.039),vs model(0.490±0.046),the difference had statistical significances(P＜0.05)],but the Bcl-xl did not significantly changed(P＞0.05).Conclusions RU,DMY,HP,DA and HYSA have antiapoptotic effects on cardiomyocyte via regulating Bcl-2 and Bax,which gives us a hint in prevention and treatment of Keshan disease.

To investigate the cytotoxicity of the homemade peptide cationic liposome CDO14 and its efficacy of RNA interference (RNAi). MTT method was used to determine the cytotoxicity of the liposome to a human lung cancer cell line Luc-A549 that can express luciferase stably. Luciferase siRNA (Luc-siRNA) was transfected into Luc-A549 cells by CDO14. Contents of luciferase in the transfected cells were detected by luminous instrument and contents of total protein in these cells were detected by BCA method. Nude mice were inoculated with Luc-A549 cells in axilla to establish xenograft tumor model. Complexes of Luc-siRNA and the cationic liposomes were injected into the modeling mice via tail vein. Contents of luciferase in the transfected mice were detected by the whole body imaging system. The cytotoxicity of the homemade cationic liposome was similar to that of commercial liposome DOTAP, and lower than that of Lipo2000. The siRNA transfection efficacy mediated by CDO14 was higher than that mediated by DOTAP. The homemade peptide cationic liposome CDO14 is expected to serve as delivery vector in gene therapy because of its low cytotoxicity and high transfection efficiency.
Animals ; Cations ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Liposomes ; Luciferases ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Peptides ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transfection

Objective To investigate the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the tubular interstitial fibrosis and on the levels of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and ectodermal dysplasia-1 (ED-1) in the process of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral occlusion(UUO).Methods Ninety-six Sprague-Dauley (SD) male rats were divided into 4 groups randomly:sham-operated group (n =24),model group (n =24),low-dose therapy group (n =24) and high-dose therapy group(n =24).The rats in the model group and treatment groups were ligated at the left ureter and UUO was induced,meanwhile,the rats in the control group were free from the left ureter ligation.Rats received sodium hydrosulfide(NaHS) in traperitoneatly(1.4 μmol/kg,twice a day),and NaHS(7.0 μmol/kg,twice a day),respectively.Rats in sham-operated group and the model group were injected intraperitoneally with identical voluminal 9 g/L saline.Eight rats in each group were sacrificed randomly at the 7 days,14 days and 21 days,respectively.The concentration of plasma H2S was detected.Renal tubular interstitial damage and interstitial fibrosis were evaluated with routine HE staining and Masson staining under microscope,and both of them were used to evaluate the obstruction of renal histopathological changes.The expressions of ED-1 and KIM-1 were measured with immunohistochemical staining.Results 1.The pathological findings showed that the renal tubular interstitial changes were not obvious in the shamoperated group.The tubular epithelial cells in the model group and treatment groups showed swelling and vacuoles degeneration,with renal interstitial broadening,interstitial cells and extracellular matrix increasing.The renal tubular interstitial pathological injury of model group and treatment group were more serious than those in the sham-operated group at each time point(P ＜ 0.05).The renal tubular interstitial pathological injury of the treatment groups were obviously lower than that in the model group(P ＜0.05).However,there was no statistically significant difference between highdose therapy group and low-dose therapy group(P ＞ 0.05).2.Immunohistochemical analysis showed that expressions of ED-1 and KIM-1 in renal tubular interstitices in the model group and the treatment groups were higher than those in the sham-operated group at each time point(P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of ED-1 and KIM-1 in renal tubular interstitices in the treatment groups were obviously lower than those in the model group(P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the high-dose therapy group and the low-dose therapy group(P ＞0.05).3.Plasma H2S levels in model group and treatment group were lower than those in the sham-operated group at each time point (P ＜ 0.05).The plasma H2S level of the treatment group was obviously higher than that in the model group(P ＜ 0.05).However,there was no statistically significant difference between high-dose therapy group and low-dose therapy group (P ＞0.05).Conclusions H2S implements renal protection effect partly by reducing the expression of ED-1 and KIM-1 in tubule interstitices to ease tubular interstitial fibrosis.

To prepare anti-mouse uteroglobin binding protein (mUGBP) polyclonal antibody, two polypeptides were synthesized based on the bioinformatics analysis of mUGBP, and New Zealand white rabbits were immunized separately with each peptide coupled with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The data indicate that a 13-amino acid polypeptide (positions 221st-233rd) was able to generate anti-peptide antibodies. The titer of the antisera detected with ELISA was 1:10(8). The antisera were then purified with immuno-affinity chromatography to obtain antibodies. Western blot analysis of mUGBP expressed as a fusion protein with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) was performed on the cell lysates of COS-1 cells with the purified antisera, suggesting that the antisera specifically recognized UGBP. By immunohistochemistry and indirect immunofluorescence analysis, we examined the expression of UGBP in the lung tissues from a patient undergoing surgical lung resection for a tumor and from normal mouse lung tissue, and found for the first time that UGBP protein was widely expressed in both mouse and human lung tissue with the most abundant expression in bronchial epithelial cells. These results suggest that the antigen epitopes of mUGBP are well predicted by using bioinformatics analysis. We have obtained anti-mUGBP polyclonal antibody, which will be useful for further investigation.
Animals ; Antibodies ; chemistry ; COS Cells ; Carrier Proteins ; chemistry ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Computational Biology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hemocyanins ; Humans ; Immune Sera ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins ; chemistry ; Uteroglobin

Objective The study aims to investigate the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among pregnant women in Tongzhou district of Beijing and its related risk factors. Methods Information of 34 637 singleton pregnancies delivered in a maternal and child health care hospital in Tongzhou district of Beijing were collected from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017. GDM prevalence of pregnant women were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between GDM and its related factors. Results The prevalence of GDM in 34 637 singleton pregnant women in Tongzhou district of Beijing was 23.2% (8 034/34 637). Multivariate analysis showed that advanced maternal age(aOR=1.87, 95% CI: 1.71-2.05), high level of education(aOR=1.19-1.23), delivering during 2016-2017(aOR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.38-1.55), macrosomia(aOR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.02-1.59), history of cesarean section(aOR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.08-1.30), history of spontaneous abortion(aOR=1.23, 95% CI:1.10-1.37), history of induced abortion(aOR=1.08, 95% CI:1.01-1.14), family history of diabetes(aOR=1.51, 95% CI:1.26-1.83), multipara(aOR=1.24, 95% CI:1.15-1.34), pre-pregnancy overweight(aOR=2.02, 95% CI:1.89-2.15), pre-pregnancy obesity(aOR=3.11, 95% CI:2.81-3.43)and conceived by assisted reproductive technology(aOR=1.47, 95% CI:1.03-2.10)were the independent risk factors for GDM. Conclusions Prevalence of GDM is high in pregnant women in Tongzhou district of Beijing. Health education before and during pregnancy should be carried out to monitor and prevent the occurrence of GDM in time to ensure maternal and child health.