With the active encouragement of the Chinese government, all domestic clinical research institutes pay more attention to the human research protect program (HRPP) during the process of clinical trials, and actively follow the regulations of medical ethical practice. We could make fully preparation for the accreditation by the correlated international organizations only by further analyzing the Association for Accreditation of Human Research Protection Program (AAHRPP) from a whole and in each accreditation field at different levels, thus having a clear understanding the difference in acknowledging the difference between China's hospitals and America's hospitals.
Accreditation ; China ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Public Policy ; United States

16 and the distribution of severe trauma more than 2 anatomic parts.They were randomly divided into two groups:intensive insulin treatment group(n=31)and control group(n=31).Intensive insulin treatment group received insulin with insulin pump in order to maintain blood glucose levels at 4.0-6.1 mol/L,while the control group received routine insulin treatment in order to mmaintain blood glucose levels at 10.0- 11.0 mol/L.Plasma levels of TNF-?,IL-1,IL-6, CRP,APACHEⅡscores and cure rate were analyzed before and after the treatment.Data was expressed as mean?standard deviation.Two- tailed T test and ANOVA were used for comparison in SPSS 10.0,and changes were considered as statistically significant if P value was less than 0.05.Results After the intensive insulin treatment, patient's hemodynamic parameter apparently improved,APACHEⅡscores descended,and the levels of TNF-?, Ib-1,IL-6,CRP all declined,in comparison with control group,there were significant differences. Intensive insulin treatment might improve patient's general condition and decrease complications and mortality of severe multiple trauma.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the intra-vaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) of varicocele patients, the influence of spermatic vein ligation on IELT, and the relationship of Visual Analogue Score (VAS) with IELT.

METHODSWe selected 112 males who had regular sexual life after spermatic vein ligation and conducted follow-up visits for 6 months. According to preoperative IELT, we divided the patients into an IELT < or = 2 min group and an IELT > 2 min group, and compared their IELT, VAS and Chinese Index of Sexual Function for Premature Ejaculation-5 (CIPE-5) scores before and 6 months after operation.

RESULTSFollow-up was accomplished in 81 of the patients, 18 in the IELT < or = 2 min group and 63 in the IELT >2 min group. Compared with the baseline, IELT was significantly prolonged postoperatively in both the IELT < or = 2 min group ([1.26 +/- 0.37] vs [4.53 +/- 1.69] min, P < 0.01) and the IELT >2 min group ([5.14 +/- 2.03] vs [7.69 +/- 4.51] min, P < 0.05); the postoperative CIPE-5 scores were remarkably improved in the former (11.27 +/- 3.52 vs 15.64 +/- 2.37, P < 0.05) but insignificantly in the latter group (20.42 +/- 4.65 vs 21.83 +/- 5.49, P > 0.05); the postoperative grades of the CIPE-5 scores showed significant differences in both groups (chi2 = 6.353, P = 0.042 and chi2 = 3.910, P = 0.048); the postoperative VAS was markedly increased (3.18 +/- 0.92 vs 1.56 +/- 0.83 and 3.24 +/- 0.95 vs 1.74 +/- 0.79, P < 0.05), with significant differences in the grades of VAS in both groups (chi2 = 4.433, P = 0.035 and chi2 = 10.088, P = 0.001). The variation of VAS was negatively correlated with that of IELT in both groups (r = -0.572, P < 0.01 and r = -0.465, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONVaricocele may be one of the causes of premature ejaculation, and some of the varicocele patients with IELT < or = 2 min may benefit from spermatic vein ligation. Improved VAS is negatively correlated with prolonged IELT. The relationship between varicocele and premature ejaculation deserves further studies.

Adult ; Ejaculation ; physiology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ligation ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Varicocele ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effect of arsenic trioxide(As_2 O_3)nanoparticles on rabbit vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro in comparison with normal form As_2 03.Methods The rabbit vascular smooth muscle cells were cultured in vitro.Nano and normal forms of As_2O_3 with drug concentrations of 3?mol/L were added into the cells.Cell proliferation curve was drawn according to the light absorption values of MTT test.Flow cytometry was applied to observe the apoptosis.DNA was extracted and underwent electrophoresis.Results Cell proliferation treated with the 3?mol/L concentration of As_2O_3 was inhibited. Cell growth was inhibited markedly with increased treatment time,and the inhibition effect of nano drug form seemed stronger than that of normal form.MTT light absorption values of cells treated at 24,48 and 72 h showed statistically significant difference(H=10.934,15.039,15.539,P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the T13254C polymorphism frequency in GPVI gene among Chinese Han population and its relevance to the arterial thrombotic diseases.

METHODSThe enrolled population in this study consisted of 314 healthy subjects and 274 patients with myocardial or cerebral infarctions. GPVI T13254C genotypes were determined by PCR amplification of a 355 bp fragment encompassing exon 5 of GPVI gene, followed by Msp I digestion of the product. The digested products were analyzed in 15% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE).

RESULTSThe frequencies of the T allele and C allele in the T13254C polymorphism were 0.9809 and 0.0191, respectively, with a frequency of heterozygous of 0.0319, which were significantly different from those reported in western population (P < 0.01). As compared with controls, no significant difference in T13254C genotype distribution was found in the arterial thrombotic diseases group.

CONCLUSIONThe GPVI T13254C polymorphism appears in a low frequency in Chinese Han population. No relationship is found between T13254C polymorphism and the risk for thrombotic diseases.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Brain Infarction ; ethnology ; genetics ; China ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Myocardial Infarction ; ethnology ; genetics ; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

BACKGROUNDRapamycin (RAPA) is a relatively new immunosuppressant drug that functions as a serine/threonine kinase inhibitor to prevent rejection in organ transplantation. RAPA blocks activation of T-effector (Teff) cells by inhibiting the response to interleukin-2. Recently, RAPA was also shown to selectively expand the T-regulator (Treg) cell population. To date, no studies have examined the mechanism by which RAPA converts Teff cells to Treg cells.

METHODSPeripheral CD4(+)CD25(-) naive T cells were cultivated with RAPA and B cells as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in vitro. CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells were harvested after 6 days and analyzed for expression of forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) using flow cytometry. CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(-) subsets as the converted Tregs were isolated from the mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) with CD127 negative selection, followed by CD4 and CD25 positive selection using microbeads and magnetic separation column (MSC). Moreover, mRNA was extracted from converted Tregs and C57BL/6 naive CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells and Foxp3 levels were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR). A total of 1 x 10(5) carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labeled naive CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells/well from C57BL/6 mice were cocultured with DBA/2 or C3H maturation of dendritic cells (mDCs) (0.25 x 10(5)/well) in 96-well round-bottom plates for 6 days. Then 1 x 10(5) or 0.25 x 10(5) converted Treg cells were added to every well as regulatory cells. Cells were harvested after 6 days of culture and analyzed for proliferation of CFSE-labeled naive CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells using flow cytometry. Data were analyzed using CellQuest software.

RESULTSWe found that RAPA can convert peripheral CD4(+)CD25(-) naive T Cells to CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells using B cells as APCs, and this subtype of Treg can potently suppress Teff proliferation and maintain antigenic specificity.

CONCLUSIONOur findings provide evidence that RAPA induces Treg cell conversion from Teff cells and uncovers an additional mechanism for tolerance induction by RAPA.

Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Antigen-Presenting Cells ; drug effects ; immunology ; metabolism ; B-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; immunology ; metabolism ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; immunology ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dendritic Cells ; drug effects ; immunology ; metabolism ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Interleukin-7 Receptor alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Mitomycin ; pharmacology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sirolimus ; pharmacology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; drug effects ; immunology ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the characteristics of the normal subjects with postural sway test and discuss the value of postural sway test in the diagnosis of dizzy patients.

METHODSTotally 112 normal subjects, 72 patients with peripheral vertigo, and 30 patients with central vertigo were examined using a stabilometer (EAB-100, Anima Co., Japan). Items include patterns, length of locus, envelope area, deflection average center displacement, and romberg rate were recorded and compared.

RESULTSThe postural sway was classified into the following five patterns: centripetal, forward and backward, right and left, diffuse, and multicentric. Centripetal pattern was the most prominent figure pattern in the normal subjects, while diffuse pattern was the most prominent figure pattern in the patients with central vertigo. When the normal subjects closed their eyes, age was linearly correlated with the length of locus, envelope area, rectangel area, and unit area path length (P < 0.05). Sex was not correlated to all of these parameters. The length of locus and envelope area in the patient groups were significantly increased when compared with the normal subjects (P < 0.0167). Romberg rate was not significantly different between the patients and the normal subjects.

CONCLUSIONSThe pattern of postural sway is useful for the diagnosis of vertigo. Age is an important factor that affects the balance function. Sex seems has no influence. Visual input plays an important role in maintaining postural balance. Stabilometer is a useful tool for evaluating balance function, and postural sway test may be a valuable assistant examination.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Case-Control Studies ; Dizziness ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postural Balance

To detect chromosome translocation t(11;18) (q21;q21) and the nuclear expression of bcl-10 in gastrointestinal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in Chinese, a possible API2-MALT fusion transcript specific to t(11; 18) (q21; q21) in tumors from 42 cases of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma (29 cases of low grade MALT lymphoma, 13 cases of transformed MALT lymphoma) and 40 cases of diffuse large B cell lymphoma was examined by means of RT-PCR and proved by DNA-sequencing. Bcl-10 expression was examined by immunohistochemical method. The results showed that t(11;18) (q21;q21) was 14% positive in cases of low grade MALT lymphomas and 46% positive in transformed MALT lymphomas, but none in cases of DLBCL. Bcl-10 nuclear expression was seen 61% in low grade MALT and 69% in transformed MALT lymphoma. It was suggested that t(11;18) (q21;q21) was related to the prognosis and development of highly advanced MALT lymphoma but not relevant to DLBCL. Bcl-10 nuclear expressions were not significantly different between these two groups, which remains to be explained.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; B-Cell CLL-Lymphoma 10 Protein ; Carrier Proteins ; analysis ; Cell Nucleus ; chemistry ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; chemistry ; genetics ; Translocation, Genetic

The paper is aimed to investigate the effect of cyclosporine A (CyA) on the pharmacokinetics of ginkgolide B (GB) in rats, and to look for the mechanism of the changes in pharmacokinetic behaviors of GB. GB concentration in plasma, brain homogenate and urine samples of rats was determined by LC-MS. Effects of CyA on plasma levels, brain distributions as well as urinary excretions after intravenous administration of GB were evaluated. CyA co administrated intravenously at 10 mg kg(-1) or 20 mg kg(-1) significantly increased AUC(0-360 min) (P < 0.01) and decreased total CL of GB in rats. While co administrated CYP3A inhibitor itraconazole (ICZ) has no appreciable effect on the pharmacokinetic behavior of GB. CyA increased the brain uptake of GB in a dose-dependent manner. The brain distribution of GB was significantly increased at 5 min by different doses of CyA (P < 0.001), while at 20 and 60 min only high dose of CyA could significantly increase the levels of GB in the brain (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001). Different P-gp inhibitors CyA or verapamil (VER) or digoxin (DGX) decreased the urinary GB excretion, the urinary excretion of GB in 0-8 h were about 34.8% (P < 0.001), 59.4% (P < 0.001) and 79.7% (P < 0.05) of the control, separately. No appreciable effect of ICZ was observed on urinary excretion of GB. Coadministration of P-gp inhibitors CyA could significantly increase the plasma level, accelerate the brain distribution and decrease the urinary excretion of GB.
Animals ; Cyclosporine ; pharmacology ; Ginkgolides ; pharmacokinetics ; Herb-Drug Interactions ; Lactones ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Distribution

Objective To explore whether autoreactive antibody presents in patients with sporadic idiopathic hypoparathyroidism(sIHP).Methods The subjects including 26 patients with sIHP and 112 genealogical members as well as 60 age-and sex-matched healthy controls.Anti-parathyroid antibodies in the sera were assayed by indirect immunofluorescence.The levels of calcium,phosphorus and magnesium as well as intact parathyroid hormone(iPTH)in the sera were tested.Results Positive autoantibodies against parathyroid tissue were demonstrated in 10 patients(38%)with sIHP,significantly higher than that of in genealogical members(10%,?~2=13.42,P