Objective To evaluate the clinical application and safety of CT-guided pereutaneous transthoracic biopsy in the diagnosis of mediastinal masses.Methods Thirty three cases were undertaken CT- guided percutaneous transthoraeie biopsy with automatic biopsy gun and then the sampling specimens were undergone histological examination.The accuracy of puncture,diagnostic correctness and complications were analyzed.Results The operations were performed successfully in all 33 cases(100%),the definite pathologic diagnosis were made in 28 out of 33 cases(85%)and no complications occurred.Conclusion As for midiastinal masses,CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic biopsy is a feasible,successful,efficient interventional diagnostic method with high accuracy in localization,puncture,diagnosis and few complications, which should he recommended in clinical use more widely.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:852-854)

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of mesenteric lymph drainage on erythrocyte rheology and blood viscosity in hemorrhagic shock rats.

METHODSWistar rats were randomly divided into sham-shock group, shock group (establishing hemorrhagic shock model), drainage group (establishing hemorrhagic shock model plus drainaging shock mesenteric lymph from hypotension 1 h). At 3 h of hypotension or corresponding time, blood samples were harvested from the abdominal aorta for determining the erythrocytic parameters, erythrocyte electrophoresis, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and blood viscosity, and the erythrocytes aggregation index and erythrocyte deformability index were calculated.

RESULTSCompared with the sham-shock group, the red cell contents, hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), erythrocyte electrophoretic rate and mobility, erythrocyte deformability index, whole blood viscosity, whole blood relative or reduced viscosity at low and high shear rates in shock group were observably lower, and mean corpuscular volume, electrophoretic time of erythrocyte, ESR, K value of equation and K value of emendation, erythrocytes aggregation index, plasma viscosity in shock group were increased markedly; the MCHC, erythrocyte electrophoretic rate and mobility, whole blood viscosity, whole blood relative viscosity at low and high shear rates in drainage group were reduced, and the red blood cell volume distribution width -SD (RDW-SD) was increased remarkably. At the same time, in drainage group, the HCT, RDW-SD, erythrocyte deformability index, whole blood viscosity and relative viscosity at low and high shear rates were higher, the ESR, K value of equation and K value of emendation, erythrocytes aggregation index, plasma viscosity were lower than that of shock group.

CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that the mesenteric lymph drainage could improve the erythrocyte rheological behavior, as a result, improve the hemorrheological properties in hemorrhagic shock rats.

Animals ; Blood Viscosity ; Drainage ; methods ; Erythrocyte Aggregation ; Erythrocyte Deformability ; Lymph ; Male ; Mesentery ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Rheology ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; blood ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo explain the molecular evidence of revision of taxonomic placement of Peucedanum decursivum based on the nrDNA ITS sequence.

METHODPCR amplification, DNA sequencing and cladistic analysis.

RESULTThe ITS sequences and phylogenetic tree of 5 species of Angelica were and Peucedanum were acquired, in which 5 species were divided into 2 groups, Angelica group and Peucedanum group. P. decursivum was placed in the Angelica group.

CONCLUSIONP. decursivum belongs to genus Angelica. The scientific name of P. decursivum should be revised as A. decursivum. A. decursivum and P. praeruptorum should be used as crude drug respectively.

Angelica ; classification ; genetics ; Apiaceae ; classification ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics

The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes of lymphatic contraction after hemorrhagic shock in vitro and the underlying role of nitric oxide (NO). Rat thoracic duct segments were isolated at 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 h after hemorrhagic shock. Using Pressure Myograph System, we determined contraction frequency (CF), end systolic diameter (ESD), end diastolic diameter (EDD) and passive diameter (PD) of isolated rat lymphatics under different transmural pressures (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 cmH(2)O), then calculated contraction amplitude (CA), tonic index (TI) and fractional pump flow (FPF) of lymphatics. The results showed that in several transmural pressures, lymphatic CF, TI and FPF were significantly higher in shock 0 h and shock 0.5 h groups than those in control group (sham operation group). With the development of shock, lymphatic CF, TI and FPF decreased significantly in shock 2 h and shock 3 h groups compared with those in control group. We further discovered the role of NO in the changes of lymphatic contraction after hemorrhagic shock. Under 3 cmH(2)O transmural pressure, the changes of lymphatic contraction in shock 0.5 h and shock 2 h groups were analyzed following the incubation with several NO-related drugs alone or in combination. And the results showed that NO donor L-Arg reduced CF, TI and FPF in shock 0.5 h group to the control levels, while soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ suppressed the effect of L-Arg. Moreover, NOS inhibitor L-NAME elevated the CF, TI and FPF of 2 h shock lymphatics to the control levels, while phosphodiesterase inhibitor aminophylline (AP) suppressed the effect of L-NAME. These results suggest that the lymphatic contractile activity exhibits a biphasic change during hemorrhagic shock, increasing in early phase and declining in later stage. And NO plays a major regulating role in the biphasic change of lymphatic contraction in hemorrhagic shock rats via cGMP pathway.
Animals ; Cyclic GMP ; metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle, Smooth ; physiopathology ; Nitric Oxide ; physiology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; physiopathology ; Thoracic Duct ; physiopathology ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo construct one lentiviral vector containing mouse SRY-related high mobility group-box gene 9 (SOX9) and transfect the murine bone mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) in vitro and observe the expression of target gene.

METHODSRNA from the vectors containing mouse SOX9 gene were extracted and SOX9 genes were amplified by reverse transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The SOX9 genes were connected into lentiviral vectors pGC-FU. Then pGC-FU-SOX9 transduced into 293T cells to produce recombinant lentivirus called as Lenti-SOX9-EGFP. mBMSCs were transfected. The expression of target gene was detected by immunofluorescence, RT-PCR and Western Blot.

RESULTSLenti-SOX9-EGFP was recombined successfully and transduced efficiently into mBMSCs. The expression of SOX9 gene was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western Blot.

CONCLUSIONLentiviral vector of mouse SOX9 gene can transfect successfully into mBMSCs. Meanwhile, SOX9 gene may be expressed in mBMSCs. This will provide the target cells for the following study about SOX9 gene repairing cartilage injury.

Animals ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; metabolism ; Mice ; Osteoarthritis ; therapy ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SOX9 Transcription Factor ; genetics ; Transduction, Genetic ; Transfection

BACKGROUNDOld pelvis fractures are among the most challenging fractures to treat because of their complex anatomy, difficult-to-access surgical sites, and the relatively low incidence of such cases. Proper evaluation and surgical planning are necessary to achieve the pelvic ring symmetry and stable fixation of the fracture. The goal of this study was to assess the use of three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques for surgical management of old pelvic fractures.

METHODSFirst, 16 dried human cadaveric pelvises were used to confirm the anatomical accuracy of the 3D models printed based on radiographic data. Next, nine clinical cases between January 2009 and April 2013 were used to evaluate the surgical reconstruction based on the 3D printed models. The pelvic injuries were all type C, and the average time from injury to reconstruction was 11 weeks (range: 8-17 weeks). The workflow consisted of: (1) Printing patient-specific bone models based on preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans, (2) virtual fracture reduction using the printed 3D anatomic template, (3) virtual fracture fixation using Kirschner wires, and (4) preoperatively measuring the osteotomy and implant position relative to landmarks using the virtually defined deformation. These models aided communication between surgical team members during the procedure. This technique was validated by comparing the preoperative planning to the intraoperative procedure.

RESULTSThe accuracy of the 3D printed models was within specification. Production of a model from standard CT DICOM data took 7 hours (range: 6-9 hours). Preoperative planning using the 3D printed models was feasible in all cases. Good correlation was found between the preoperative planning and postoperative follow-up X-ray in all nine cases. The patients were followed for 3-29 months (median: 5 months). The fracture healing time was 9-17 weeks (mean: 10 weeks). No delayed incision healing, wound infection, or nonunions occurred. The results were excellent in two cases, good in five, and poor in two based on the Majeed score.

CONCLUSIONSThe 3D printing planning technique for pelvic surgery was successfully integrated into a clinical workflow to improve patient-specific preoperative planning by providing a visual and haptic model of the injury and allowing patient-specific adaptation of each osteosynthesis implant to the virtually reduced pelvis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Bones ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Young Adult

Objective To modify the surgical instruments to improve the efficiency of endoscopic pituitary tumor resection through the endonasal transsphenoidal approach and sum up the surgical experiences. Methods Two hundred and eighty-eight patients with pituitary tumor were performed endoscopic tumor resection through the endonasal transsphenoidal approach in our hospital from March 2004 to April 2009; modification of the surgical instruments (monopolar coagulator,aspirator's shape and function) was applied. The efficiency of the surgery was concluded and analyzed.Results Total tumor resection was achieved in 204 patients, subtotal tumor resection in 54 and partial resection in 30. The shortest operation time was only 30 minutes and the average operation time in patients without intraoperative CSF leakage was 70 minutes. CSF leakage appeared in 3 patients and delayed hemorrhage of Schneiderian membrane in 3 too, but the symptoms were controled after treatment. Conclusion Modification of the surgical instruments and correct application, together with good operative coordination can improve the efficiency of endoscopic pituitary tumor resection through the endonasal transsphenoidal approach.

Objective To compare the influences of Yiqihuoxue Formula ( using Naoluoxintong, YF) and Bushenshengsui Formula (BF) on the expressions of Nestin in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of ischemic lateral ventricle, neuron specific enolase ( NSE) and glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP) in the ischemic half-dark zone in rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Method The rat model of focal cerebral I/R was established by using thread approach, and then the rats were randomly divided into the sham-operation group, model group, YF group and BF group. After cerebral ischemia for 2 hours the reperfusion was given to the rats for 1 week, 2 weeks or 3 weeks respectively. The positive cell quantity and the value of average absorbance ( A value) in the expressions of Nestin, NSE and GFAP were detected by using immunofluorescence staining method. Result In SVZ the positive cell quantity in Nestin expression was higher significantly in YF group after I/R for 1 week and 2 weeks, and in BF group after I/R for 2 and 3 weeks than that in the model group (P <0. 05 or P <0.01) , that in YF group after I/R for 1 week was higher significantly than that in BF group (P <0.01) , and that in BF group after I/ R for 2 and 3 weeks was higher significantly than that in YF group ( P <0.05 ). In the ischemic half-dark zone the positive cell quantity in NES expression was higher significantly in YF group after I/R for 1 week and in BF group after I/R for 2 weeks than that in the model group (P <0.01) , that in YF group after I/ R for 1 week was higher significantly than that in BF group (P <0.01) , and that in BF group after I/R for 2 weeks than that in YF group (P <0.01) . In the ischemic half-dark zone the average absorbance of GFAP expression was higher significantly in YF group after I/R for 1 week and 2 weeks and in BF group than that in the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01)). There was no significant difference between YF group and BF group at all time points (P >0.05). Conclusion YF and BF can promote the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells after focal cerebral ischemia through increasing Nestin quantity in SVZ and NSE quantity, and improving GFAP expression in the ischemic half-dark zone. These two formulas have difference in the increase of Nestin and NSE quantity.

OBJECTIVETo observe the change of lymphatic reactivity to substance P (SP) during the process of hemorrhagic shock (HS) with a technique of lymphatic perfusion in vitro in this study.

METHODSMale Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (surgical procedure only) and HS group (the rats in this group were further divided into five subgroups: shock 0 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h groups after duplicating the HS model with method of bloodletting to mean arterial blood pressure was 40 mmHg through the femoral venous). Thoracic ducts were separated from HS rats at the corresponding time points in each group. A segment of thoracic duct was pressed and perfused in vitro at transmural pressure of 3 cm H2O, and then stimulated with gradient SP respectively. The end systolic diameter, end diastolic diameter, contraction frequency (CF) and passive diameter of isolated lymphatics were measured, while the contraction amplitude (CA), tonic index (TI) and fractional pump flow (FPF) were calculated, and the different values between pre- and post- administration of SP of CF, CA, TI and FPF were calculated and expressed as Delta CF, Delta TI, Delta CA and Delta FPF to further assess the reactivity of lymphatics.

RESULTSAfter SP incubation, the Delta CF, Delta TI, Delta CA and Delta FPF of 0 h- and 0.5 h shocked lymphatics were significantly increased when compared with that of control group on one or several concentrations. The Delta CF (at 3 x 10(-7) mol/L of SP) and Delta TI (1 x 10(-7) mol/L) of 2 h- shocked lymphatics and the Delta CF (1 x 10(-7) mol/L, 3 x 10(-7) mol/L), Delta TI (1 x 10(-7) mol/L) and Delta CA (1 x 10(-7) mol/L) of 3 h- shocked lymphatics were all significantly reduced when compared with control group.

CONCLUSIONThe reactivity of lymphatics to SP presented a biphasic change during the process of HS: increase in early phase and decline in later stage.

Animals ; Lymphatic Vessels ; physiopathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; physiopathology ; Substance P ; analysis ; Thoracic Duct ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo establish a novel model of lumbar disc degeneration on the early stage in the rhesus monkey using percutaneous needle puncture guided by CT.

METHODS(1) Thirteen rhesus monkeys aged from 4 to 7 years, female 7 and male 6 were selected for establishing a model of the early stage of lumbar disc degeneration. (2)13 monkeys, 91 discs were divided into 3 groups: 64 discs from L1/2 to L5/6 were percutaneous punctured with a needle 20G as experimental group and 1 disc with a needle 15G as puncture control group and 26 discs were not be punctured from L6,7 to L7-S1 as control group. (3) Lumbar disc localization for needle puncture was guided by CT. All discs were examined by MRI, the HE, Masson's trichrome, Safranine-O and immunohistochemical staining of type II collagen before disc puncture and after puncture at 4, 8 and 12 weeks.

RESULTSMRI: (1) Experimental group: Pfirmann's Grade I was shown at postoperation 4, 8 and 12 weeks; (2) Puncture control group: Grade III was shown at postoperation 4 weeks and Grade IV at 8 weeks; (3) CONTROL GROUP: Grade I was shown at postoperation 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Histological examination: (1) In experimental group, there was no any change at postoperation 4 weeks, and the cell population of the nucleus was decreased at 8 weeks and more decreased at 12 weeks in HE. (2) There was no any change at postoperation 4 weeks, the clefts among the lamellae of the annulus fibrosus (AF) were shown at 8 weeks and more wider of the clefts of AF at 12 weeks in Masson's trichrome. (3) No any change was shown at postoperation 4 weeks, proteoglycan were progressively decreased at 8 and 12 weeks in Safranine-O. (4) No statistically significant difference in positive rate was observed at 4 and 8 weeks compared with control group in immunohistochemical staining of type II collagen. There was statistical difference at 12 weeks compared with control group (P<0.05). In puncture control group postoperation 8 weeks, the morphology of cell of nucleus pulposus was not clear in HE. The wider clefts of lamellae of the AF were shown in Masson's trichrome. The proteoglycan was obviously decreased in Safranine-O. Immunohistochemical staining collagen II synthesized was decreased. In normal control group, no any change was shown at 4, 8 and 12 weeks.

CONCLUSIONSThe degeneration of lumbar intervertebral disc on the early stage could be induced by the percutaneous needle puncture (20G) to the annulus fibrosus. The assessment of disc degeneration on early stage is not shown on MRI and only confirmed by histological examination.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Intervertebral Disc ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Random Allocation