Air Pollution, Indoor ; statistics & numerical data ; Hong Kong ; Noise, Occupational ; statistics & numerical data ; Restaurants ; statistics & numerical data ; Temperature

Dextroscope workstation is an advanced equipment developed in recent years and isused to make virtual reality model.We not only used it in surgical planning of thyroid disease,but also applied it in clinic teaching.Application of Dextroscope virtual reality system can help to improve students'capabilities of clinical thoughts and clinical techniques,stimulate their learning interest,enlarge the knowledge,shorten learning curve and release the conflict in practice.Dextroscope system will push forward the progress of education reform,so it is worth spreading.

Objective To design and implement an automatic analysis and evaluation system for the image parameters of medical MRI quality testing.Methods The system was developed and debugged by the study on MRI image quality parameters,the image denoising,integration,extraction and etc by MATLAB processing platform as well as the comparison and comparative calculation of the obtained data.Results The system replaced manual operation by auto processing and parameters analysis of MRI quality inspection image.Conclusion The system enhances the efficiency and avoids artificial error,and has a promising prospect in the future.

Objective To investigate the presence of occult brain tissue damage in patients with relapsing neuromyelitis optica(RNMO)and its possible mechanism by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Methods DTI scans were performed in 16 patients with RNMO and 16 sex-and age-matched healthy controls.Histogram analysis of mean diffusivity (MD)and fractional anisotropy (FA)was performed in brain tissue (BT),white matter (WM)and gray matter (GM)to detect the presence of occult brain tissue damage in RNMO patients.Region of interest(ROI )analysis of MD and FA was also performed in 6 dedicated regions with or without direct connection with spinal cord or optic nerve to determine the relationship between occult brain tissue damage and the damage of spinal cord and optic nerve.Results Patients with RNMO had a significantly higher average MD of the BT[RNMO(0.95?0.02)? 10~(-3)mm~2/s,controls (0.91?0.03)?10~(-3)mm~2/s,t = 3.940,P

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of transmembrane transport of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and its active metabolite mycophenolic acid (MPA). METHODS: Caco-2 cell monolayer model was developed for MMF and MPA transport experiment, and the LC-MS/MS method was used for the determination of MMF and MPA concentration in transport medium. The apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) and efflux ratio (Pratio) were calculated and used for the evaluation of the ability of drug transport and drug efflux across Caco-2 cell monolayer. RESULTS: The Papp of MPA in two-way transport experiment (Papp,ab and Papp,ba) at 10, 50 and 100 μmol · L-1 were(9.70 ± 0.40) × 106 cm · s-1 [(13.52 ± 0.28) × 106 cm · s-1], (9.35 ± 0.62) × 106 cm · s-1 [(11.38 ± 0.59) × 106 cm · s-1], (8.69 ± 0.69) × 106 cm · s-1 [(10.53 ± 0.64) × 106 cm · s-1], respectively. Pratio were 1.39, 1.22 and 1.22, respectively. Pratio of MPA was reduced by verapamil, a well-known P-glycoprotein inhibitor. MMF was mostly hydrolyzed to MPA during the transport process across the Caco-2 cell monolayer. The amount of MPA transported increased with time, but the amount of MMF transported changed not significantly over time and no significant effect of verapamil was observed. CONCLUSION: The transmembrane transport of MPA is affected by active transport efflux mediated by transporter with P-gp involved. No effect of P-gp is found in MMF transmembrane transport, which is passive transport.

Objective To investigate the effects of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH- a) and antagonist (GnRH-ant) on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced ovarian damage in rats.Methods Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided randomly into six groups,which received normal saline (NS),CTX,GnRH-a+NS,GnRH-a+CTX,GnRH-ant+NS,and GnRH-ant+CTX respectively.Levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E_2) were measured successively by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method,and half of the rats were killed in the first week and between the fourth and the fifth week after stop of medication,respectively to compare the weight of the ovaries and the number of the primordial follicles and the growth follicles.Results (1) Throughout experiment,the serum levels of FSH,LH and E_2 of the control group fluctuated slightly,while those in the CTX group kept rising.During medication treatment,compared with the control group[(118?16) ?g/L, (350?35) ?g/L] and the CTX group[(113?15) ?g/L,(289?42) ?g/L],the concentrations of LH [(42 ?8)-(47?7) ?g/L,(31?5)-(36?7) ?g/L] and FSH [(124?45)-(136?32)?g/L,(178 ?54)-(198+27)?g/L] in the GnRH-a groups and the GnRH-ant groups were maintained at low levels significantly and the levels of LH in the GnRH-ant groups were significantly lower than that in the GnRH-a groups,but the levels of FSH in the GnRH-ant groups were significantly higher than that in the GnRH-a groups(P0.05),but the levels of FSH,LH and E_2 of the GnRH-ant+CTX group rose obviously and were similar to the levels of the CTX group,especially the FSH,and the levels of LH and FSH of the GnRH- ant + CTX group [(156?12) ?g/L,(520?44) ?g/L] and the CTX group [(178?18) ?g/L,(546?36) ?g/L] were significantly higher than that of the other four groups [(121?15)-(132?13) ?g/L,(335 ?35)-(359?26) ?g/L] at the 4~(th)-5~(th) week after stop of treatment(P0.05),but the number of all kinds of follicles declined significantly in the GnRH-ant+CTX group[(195?15),(36?12)] and the CTX group [(212?11),(36?9)] compared to the other four groups[(302?15)-(690?43),(44?12)-(58?11),P

OBJECTIVETo explore surface roughness of bone cement and surround tissue on histological characteristic of induced membranes.

METHODSBone cements with smooth and rough surface were implanted in radius bone defect, intramuscular and subcutaneous sites of rabbits, and formed induced membranes. Membranes were obtained and stained (HE) 6 weeks later. Images of membrane tissue were obtained and analyzed with an automated image analysis system. Five histological parameters of membranes were measured with thickness,area,cell density,ECM density and microvessel density. Double factor variance analysis was used to evaluate the effect of the two factors on histological characteristics of induced membranes.

RESULTSMembranes can be induced by each kind of bone cement and at all the three tissue sites. In histological parameters of thickness,area and micro vessel,there were significant differences among the membranes induced at different tissue sites (P = 0.000, P = 0.000, P = 0.000); whereas, there were no significant differences in histological parameters of cell density and ECM density (P = 0.734, P = 0.638). In all five histological parameters of membranes, there were no significant differences between the membranes induced by bone cements with different surface roughness (P = 0.506, P = 0.185, P = 0.883, P = 0.093, P = 0.918).

CONCLUSIONSurround tissue rather than surface roughness of bone cements can affect the histological characteristics of induced membranes. The fibrocystic number, vascularity, mechanical tension and micro motion of the surround tissue may be closely correlated with the histological characteristics of induced membranes.

Animals ; Bone Cements ; Female ; Membranes ; cytology ; Rabbits ; Radius ; cytology ; Surface Properties ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Tissue Scaffolds

Objective To evaluate tension-free hernia Onlay repair with premuscular positioning of the prosthesis for the treatment of ineisional henia of the abdominal wall.Methods In this study 126 patients with incisional henia were treated with a tension-free manner of hernia repair by using synthetic material ONLAY between September 1999 and June 2007.Results All operations were successful.There was no hospital death or severe postoperative complications.The average age was 58.5 years old ranging from 28 to 89.There were 67 patients in which the abdominal defect ranged from 5～10 cm,and 59 patients with abdominal defect≥10 cm.The mean operating time was 95(70～120)min,and the average intraoperative blood loss was 80 ml(60～250 ml).The mean postoperative hospitalization was 14.5 days(10～28 d). Patients were followed-up from 3 to 96 months,and 3 patients suffered from hernia recurrence(2.38%). Conclusions The ONLAY repair of ineisional hernia of the abdominal wall with synthetic material mesh was a safe procedure,especially for those with large abdominal wall defects.

Objective To establish a rapid assay with high sensitivity and specificity based on the sequences for group specific gene (GS) and pathogenicity island pag A gene.Methods The PCR primers and probes were designed after the whole sequence was systemically analyzed with bio-informafion tools and blasted with Genebank database.The amplicons were inserted into plasmids so that they could be used as the standard templates to evaluate the sensitivity of the diagnostic system.This assay was based on TaqMan probes and portable Smartcycle PCR machine.Results The detection level was approximately 100 copies per reaction.There was no cross-reaction with other species of Bacillus.This assay could be completed in one hour in laboratory.Conclusion The duplex TaqMan PCR assay could be used to detect Bacillus anthracis rapidly with high sensitivity and specificity.

OBJECTIVETo study the incidence of injuries among residents living in the communities in Zhejiang.

METHODSA household questionnaire survey was conducted to 16 899 residents in four communities.

RESULTSThe incidence of injuries was 16.11% in total, higher in urban area than in rural area and higher in men than in women. The leading causes of injuries were falls (4.80%), knife-cutting or by sharp articles (3.86%), traffic accident (2.07%), collision (1.99%), scalds (1.13%) and animal bites (1.06%). Peak incidence of age group was different in different injuries, such as traffic accident was high in 45 - 60 age group and falls was high in 5 and 60 age group. Direct economic loss for each case with injury would cost 324.21 RMB yuan.

CONCLUSIONInjury was common and frequently occurred among residents at the community level which seriously on danger their health and families.

Accidental Falls ; statistics & numerical data ; Accidents, Traffic ; statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Bites and Stings ; epidemiology ; Burns ; epidemiology ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Community Health Services ; Dogs ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology ; mortality