China ; Humans ; Occupational Health Services ; manpower

Objective To determine the dietary nutritional status of rural residents in Midwestern Shandong Province,in order to improve the dietary pattern and health status of them.Method 11 987 residents,from 10 273 households,were included in this study by multi-stage randomized cluster sampling in 8 counties located in Midwestern Shandong Province.Questionnaire of Food Frequency (QFF) was applied to collect the information about the amount and frequency of food consumed by the subjects in the past year.Results The average intake of cereal,vegetable,fruit,meat,egg,milk,bean,oil and salt per reference man per day was 553.9 g,310.6 g,58.2 g, 36.3 g,50.1 g,16.7 g,34.4 g,44.8 g and 12.3 g,respectively.The average intake of energy,carbohydrate,protein,fat and dietary fiber per reference man per day was 12 095.6 kJ,451.8 g,85.6 g,78.8 g and 18.7 g as well Cereal food provides 66.1% of total energy; however,the meat provides only 6.6% of that.Carbohydrate,protein and fat amount to around 63.2%,12.0% and 24.8% of total energy, respectively.24.0% of fat intake was from animal food,while 76% of that was from vegetable food.Conclusions The intake of energy, protein,fat was sufficient for these subjects;however,the intake of vegetable,fruit,bean and meat was lower than the dietary reference intake.Moreover,oil and salt intake in these subjects was much higher than Chinese Recommended Nutrient Intakes.Thus,the amelioration of dietary pattern in rural residents will be an important task for nutrition workers in rural area of Midwestern part of Shandong Province in the future.

Age of Onset ; China ; epidemiology ; Dust ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; Pneumoconiosis ; epidemiology

Objective To study the relationship between the MRI features and pathological types of intracranial meningiomas. Methods MRI findings of intracranial meningiomas in 63 cases proved by operation and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results Of 63 cases,62 cases were singular and one case was multiple lesions. The lesions were located in frontal,parietal and occipital regions nearby the convexity of the brain in 30 cases,in sellar region in 10,at sphenoidal crest in 8 , at olfactory sulcus in 5 and at other regions in 10. Isointense or slightly hypointense signal on T 1WI was found in 87.27% cases of meningiomas . On T 2WI, tumors had isointense or slightly hyperintense signal in 69.84%, obviously hyperintense signal in 19.05%,heterogenous texture signal in 7.94% and slightly low intense signal in 3.17%. Pathological type was included meningiomas meningothelial(n=29), meningiomas fibrous(n=11) , meningiomas psammomatous(n=8),angioblastic meningiomas (n=5) and meningiomas angiomatous(n=10). Conclusion It is great value in diagnosis of meningiomas with MRI. Meningiomas angiomatous show effecting of blood-vessel flowed empty with MR imaging.

Objective: To collect, compare and analyze the changes in the strength and stability of the forearm Rou-Kneading manipulation before and after the training in Shaolin Neigong (internal Qigong). Methods: Ninety first-year undergraduates were randomized into three groups using the random number table method, with 30 people in each group. The Gongfa (Qigong method) group received training in both Shaolin Neigong and forearm Rou-Kneading manipulation. The manipulation group only received training in forearm Rou-Kneading manipulation. The control group only received training in forearm Rou-Kneading manipulation for one week. The ZTC-1 intelligent Tuina (Chinese therapeutic massage) manipulation parameter detection system was used to collect the wave crest, wave trough, and crest-trough difference of the strength and frequency of the forearm Rou-Kneading manipulation on the Z-axis (up and down), X-axis (left and right) and Y-axis (backward and forward) at weeks one, five and ten from the three groups. The collected data were then processed and analyzed. Results: The intra-group comparisons showed statistical significance in the Gongfa group and manipulation group (P<0.05). The strength and stability shown on the axes Z, X, and Y constantly grew with the increase of training time in the Gongfa group. The wave crest on the axes Z and Y steadily rose in the manipulation group, as well as the frequency on the axes Z, X and Y. The control group failed to show statistical significance in any of the three times of intra-group comparisons (P>0.05). The between-group comparisons showed statistical significance among the three groups at weeks five and ten (P<0.05). At week five, the wave crest on the axes Z, X, and Y, and the crest-trough difference on the axes X and Y were more prominent in the Gongfa group than in the manipulation group, showing statistical significance (P<0.05). At week ten, the wave crest, wave trough, and crest-trough differences on the axes Z, X, and Y were more prominent in the Gongfa group than in the manipulation group, presenting statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion: Practicing Shaolin Neigong can help the trainees reach the level of strength and frequency of Tuina clinicians in a shorter time in the forearm Rou-Kneading manipulation training. It can advance the efficiency in studying the forearm Rou-Kneading manipulation and promote the quality of the manipulation.

Background Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) has been proposed to shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation in intubated patients,especially those who fail initial weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).However,there are also some discrepancies in terms of weaning success or failure,incidence of re-intubation,complications observed during study and patient outcomes.The primary objective of this update was to specifically investigate the role of NIPPV on facilitating weaning and avoiding re-intubation in patients intubated for different etiologies of acute respiratory failure,by comparing with conventional invasive weaning approach.Methods We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing noninvasive weaning of early extubation and immediate application of NIPPV with invasive weaning in intubated patients from PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Web of Knowledge and Springerlink databases.Records from conference proceedings and reference lists of relevant studies were also identified.Results A total of 11 RCTs with 623 patients were available for the present analysis.Compared with IMV,NIPPV significantly increased weaning success rates (odds ratio (OR):2.50,95％ confidence interval (C/):1.46-4.30,P=0.0009),decreased mortality (OR:0.39,95％ CI:0.20-0.75,P=0.005),and reduced the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) (OR:0.17,95％ CI:0.08-0.37,P ＜0.00001) and complications (OR:0.22,95％ CI:0.07-0.72,P=0.01).However,effect of NIPPV on re-intubation did not reach statistical difference (OR:0.61,95％ CI:0.33-1.11,P=0.11).Conclusions Early extubation and immediate application of NIPPV is superior to conventional invasive weaning approach in increasing weaning success rates,decreasing the risk of mortality and reducing the incidence of VAP and complications,in patients who need weaning from IMV.However,it should be applied with caution,as there is insufficient beneficial evidence to definitely recommend it in terms of avoiding re-intubation.

Obstructive nephropathy ultimately leads to end-stage renal failure. Renovascular lesions are involved in various nephropathies, and most renal diseases have an ischemic component that underlies the resulting renal fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether morphological changes occur in the renal vasculature in hydronephrosis and the possible mechanisms involved. A model of complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (CUUO) was used. Experimental animals were divided into five groups: a normal control group (N) and groups of animals at 1st week (O1), 2nd week (O2), 4th week (O4) and 8th week (O8) after CUUO. Blood pressure was measured, renal arterial trees and glomeruli were assessed quantitatively, and renovascular three-dimensional reconstruction was performed on all groups. Glomerular ultrastructural changes were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in the obstructed groups (O1, O2, O4 and O8). Three-dimensional reconstruction showed sparse arterial trees in the O8 group, and a tortuous and sometimes ruptured glomerular basement membrane was found in the O4 and O8 groups. Furthermore, epithelial media thickness and media/lumen ratio were increased, lumen diameters were decreased, and the cross-sectional area of the media was unaltered in the segmental renal artery, interlobar artery and afferent arterioles, respectively. In conclusion, renal arterial trees and glomeruli were dramatically altered following CUUO and the changes may be partially ascribed to vascular remodeling. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of renovascular morphological alterations will enable the development of potential therapeutic approaches for hydronephrosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy and possibly prognositic factors of anterior approach on two-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

METHODSA retrospective review was performed on 44 cases of two-level cervical spondylotic mydopathy from Jun. 2007 to Sep. 2009. Among the patients, 24 cases were male and 20 cases female, with an average age of (60.072 +/- 10.77) years (ranged from 39 to 80 years). The affected segments ranged from C(3.4)-C(6.7). Improvements of cervical curvature and segmental height, preoperative sagittal diameter of the spinal cord at the site of maximal compression and signal intensity changes on T2WI were respectively measured. Function of nerves was assessed according to Japanese orthopaedic association system (JOA:17 score) before and after surgery. Operation by anterior approach including: anterior corpectomy and titanium cage fusion with internal fixation, anterior corpectomy body and auto iliac bone fusion with internal fixation. Statistical analysis was made on the correlation between JOA recovery rate and prognostic factors.

RESULTSImprovements of cervical curvature was -9.1 degrees to 16.6 degrees with the mean of (1.30 +/- 5.77) degrees and improvements of segmental height was -0.3 to 12.3 mm with the mean of (4.23 +/- 3.08) mm. Sagittal diameter of the spinal cord at the site of maximal compression was 1.6 to 7.2 mm with the mean of (4.01+/- 1.25) mm. T2WI with high signal changes was in 29 cases, no change in 15 cases. Bleeding amount was 50 to 700 ml with the mean of (242.05 +/- 148.22) ml. Operative time was 90 to 250 min with the mean of (153.75 +/- 34.54) min. All patients were followed up from 6 to 31 months with an average of (17.18 +/- 7.41) months. The mean JOA score preoperatively was (12.73 +/- 2.23); at the final follow-up, the JOA score was(15.09 +/- 1.91); and the recovery rate was (60.01 +/- 26.98)%. According to standard of JOA scoring, 16 cases obtained excellent result, 12 good, 15 fair and 1 poor. The effect of anterior approach had correlations with age, time of course, preoperative JOA score, sagittal diameter of the spinal cord at the site of maximal compression and signal intensity changes on T2WI, but had no correlations with operation time, bleeding amount and improvements of cervical curvature and segmental height.

CONCLUSIONTwo-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy can achieve good effect through anterior approach. The extent of the spinal cord compression may be a reliable and direct factor to judge effect.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; complications ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Spondylosis ; complications ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Time Factors ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

AIM: The effects of ZX-5, as nitric oxide (NO) donor, on ocular blood flow has been investigated using colored microsphere technique in previous study. The relationship between the production of NO by ZX-5 and ocular blood flow has been evaluated. ZX-5 has been shown to have strong positive effect on increasing choroidal blood flow. However,the effect of ZX-5 on retinal function recovery, the effects of its optical isomers, (R, R)-ZX-5 and (S, S)-ZX-5, on choroidal blood flow and retinal function recovery have not been studied and merit investigation.METHODS: Colored microsphere technique was used for in vivo experiments to determine choroidal blood flow of ocular hypertension (40mmHg) in rabbit eyes. Electroretinography was used to measure the b-wave recovery as an indication of retinal function recovery.RESULTS: (R, R)-ZX-5 increased choroidal blood flow at 10g/L, 50μL instillation into eyes at all time points (P＜0.05).(S, S)-ZX-5 was not effective in increasing choroidal blood flow. ZX-5 and (R, R)-ZX-5 showed significant effects in retinal function recovery after ischemia of the retina at all time points (P＜0.05); whereas (S, S)-ZX-5 did not show significant effect on recovery of b-wave after ischemia at most time points except at 120 and 240 minutes.CONCLUSION: ZX-5 and (R, R)-ZX-5 have high potency in increasing the choroidal blood flow and improving the retinal function recovery. It is hoped that they could be used for the prevention/treatment of ocular blood flow related eye diseases.

Aim To explore the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)signaling pathway in high fat-induced cell apoptosis in human umbilical vein endo-thelial cells(HUVECs). Methods HUVECs were ex-posed to different concentrations of palmitic acid(0. 1, 0. 2,0. 4,0. 8 mmol·L - 1 )for 24 h and different time points of 0. 4 mmol·L - 1 palmitic acid(0,12, 24,48 h). Cell viability was measured by cell count-ing kit(CCK-8),and the protein expressions of ERS signaling pathway protein such as GRP78,CHOP, PERK,IRE1,ATF6 were determined by Western blot. The level of intracellular apoptosis was detected by immunofluorescence. Results HUVECs exposed to palmitic acid at 0. 4 mmol·L - 1 for 24 h showed a de-crease in their viability and an increase in the expres-sion of ERS signaling pathway proteins (GRP78, CHOP,PERK,IRE1,ATF6)(P < 0. 05);cell ap-optotic levels significantly increased(P < 0. 05). The intracellular apoptosis levels in the vascular endothelial cells of ERS signaling pathway inhibitor 4-phenylbutyr-ic acid (4-PBA,10 mmol · L - 1 )were significantly lower than those of the PA group(P < 0. 05). Conclu-sion Activated ERS signaling pathway might play an important role in the treatment of high fat-induced cell apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells.