The changes of pathophysiology of perihematomal tissue after intracerebral hemor- rhage are extremely complicated.Studies in recent years have suggested that perihematomal tissue does exist many changes of pathophysiology and molecular biology,such as mass effect of hematoma,hematoma components damage to perihematomal tissue,hemodynamic changes, neuropeptide Y and matrix metalloproteinase changes,etc.

Objective To compare the effects of biphasic square waveform (BSW) with low or high energy on external defibrillation.Method Adult swine model of closed chest ventricular fibrillation induced by electricity was established.Eighteen swine,weighing (30?3.3) kg were randomly divided into three groups:50-50-50 J group (n=6),30-50-75 J group (n=6),120-150-200 J (n=6).After three minutes of ventricular fibrillation without treatment,the pigs in the three groups were defibrillated accordance to the above sequences. Results 30 J BSW didn't succed to external defibrillate.The first defibrillation successful rate of 50 J and 120 J BSW was 5/6.The total defibrillation successful rate of every group was 100%.All pigs quickly had spontaneous circulation after defibrillation and survived more than 24 hours.ST-T change of low-energy was less than that of high-energy.After resuscitation,myocardial function decreased,but there had not significant differences between groups.Conclusions In the study,30J BSW could not reach successful defibrillation,and 50 J and 120 J BSW had similar defibrillation efficacy.The ideal energy of BSW external defibrillation was 50 J.

Base Sequence ; Conjugation, Genetic ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transformation, Bacterial ; beta-Lactamases ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the use of neural network in determining the risk factors of diseases.

METHODSWith back-propagation neural network (BP network) as fitting model based upon data gathered from an epidemiological survey on diabetes mellitus and under the network structure of 22-6-1, the mean impact value (MIV) for each input variables and sequencing the factors according to their absolute MIVs were calculated. The results from BP network with multiple logistic regression analysis and log-linear model for united actions between factors were compared with optimizing Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm.

RESULTSBy BP network analysis, the sequence of importance for the risk factors of diabetes mellitus became: faster pulse, diabetes mellitus family history, living longer in the investigated area, with medical record of nephropathy, having higher ratio for waist-to-hip, being male, with medical records of diseases as hyperlipoproteinmia, coronary heart disease, hypertension, high diastolic pressure, higher income, do no drink alcohol, age, higher systolic pressure, less educated, body mass index, with medical records of other diseases, physical exercise related to jobs smoking, occupation, with medical record for cerebrovascular disease, with medical record for liver disease etc. However, only 7 factors were statistically significant in multiple logistic regression analysis. The sequence of their importance appeared as: pulse, diabetes mellitus family history, the medical record of nephropathy, waist-to-hip ratio, the medical record of hypertension, work-place related exercise and age. The sequences of importance were almost the same between the two while the difference could partly be explained by the interaction among risk factors through log-linear model.

CONCLUSIONNeural network could be used to analyze the risk factors of diseases and could assimilate more complicated relationships (main effects and interactions) between inputs and outputs, better than using the traditional methods.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Family Health ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; complications ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Obesity ; complications ; Pulse ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis therapy has attracted interest as a potential treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative activities and anti-angiogenesis effects of saikosaponins (SS)-b on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its regulation on VEGF/ERK/HIF-1α signal pathway. METHODS H22 hepatoma-bearing mice model and HepG-2 cells were used to study the anti-tumor and anti-angiogenesis effects of SS-b in vivo and in vitro. Pathological change of tumor tissue was observed by HE staining, the microvascular changes were detected by immunohistochemical method. The effects of SS-b on angiogenesis were examined by using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. The effects of SS- b on proliferation, migration and invasion were investigated by MTT assay, scratch wound healing assay and transwell assay inhuman umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) and HepG2 cells in vitro. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-2/9(MMP-2/9), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression and the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase(ERK) were analyzed using RT-PCR and Western-blot. RESULTS SS-b effectively inhibited the tumor growth of H22 mice in vivo. The inhibitory rate of tumor was 49.1%, 50.7%, 66.1% in SS-b 5, 10 and 20 mg·kg-1 group respectively. HE staining results showed that SS-b induced tumor necrosis and nuclear dissolution in H22 mice. Moreover, SS-b also reduced the number of microvessels of tumor tissue in H22 mice significantly and suppressed the angiogenesis of CAM induced by b-FGF. SS-b had an obvious inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, migration and invasion of HUVEC cells and HepG-2 cells. These effects were associated with down-regulation of the expression of MMP2/9 and suppression of VEGF/ERK/HIF-1α signaling in H22 mice and Hep-G2 cells. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that SS-b exerts anti-tumor effects by inhibit?ing tumor angiogenesis via regulating VEGF/ERK/HIF-1α signal pathway in vivo and in vitro.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the long-term outcomes of various antireflux procedures for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

METHODSBetween November 1988 and January 2004, 129 patients with GERD underwent antireflux procedures. Six kinds of antireflux procedures were performed including Nissen fundoplication, cardiac oblique invagination (COI) procedure, Belsey Mark IV, Toupet, Thal and Dor procedures. One hundred and sixteen patients were followed up. Esophageal manometry study was carried out in 95 patients preoperatively and 51 postoperatively. 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring were carried out in 56 patients preoperatively and 35 postoperatively. Esophagoscopy were performed in all patients before operation and 48 cases after operation.

RESULTSClinical symptom scores reduced significantly from 4.1 +/- 0.4 before surgery to 1.1 +/- 1.0 after surgery (t = 27.21, P < 0.01). The outcome of surgery showed excellent in 42 cases (36.2%), good in 60 (51.7%), fair in 7 (6.0%), poor in 7 (6.0%). The long-term follow-up showed excellent or good results in 87.9% of patients. There was no significant difference in Nissen fundoplication, COI procedure and Belsey Mark IV.

CONCLUSIONSThere are significant differences in symptom score, esophageal manometry, 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring and esophagoscopy pre- and post-operatively. There is no significant difference in Nissen fundoplication, COI procedure and Belsey Mark IV.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fundoplication ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; etiology ; surgery ; Hernia, Hiatal ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of tributyrin (TB), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on the growth, differentiation and apoptosis of SHI-1 leukemia cells and explore its possible mechanism.

METHODCell proliferation and viability were determined by cell counting, trypan blue dye exclusion. Cell morphological analysis, Annexin binding, DNA electrophoresis, expression of CD11b and CD14, NBT reduction were performed to evaluate differentiation and apoptosis of SHI-1 cells. The level of acetylated histone H3 was detected by Western blot and p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.

RESULTSTB inhibited the proliferation and viability of SHI-1 cells in a time-dose dependent manner. The morphology of SHI-1 cells cultured in the presence of 0.1 mmol/L TB for 72 hs was more mature with higher NBT positivity and up-regulated expressions of CD11b and CD14 than that of control group. Exposed to 0.5 - 1.0 mmol/L TB for 48 hs, SHI-1 cells exhibited the morphological hallmarks of apoptosis, the increasing of Annexin binding and the DNA ladder on gel electrophoresis. The level of acetylated histone H3 and p21(WAF1) mRNA extracted from SHI-1 cells were increased by the treatment of TB.

CONCLUSIONTB can inhibit proliferation, induce differentiation and apoptosis of SHI-1 cells. The mechanism may associate with its up-regulation of acetylated histone and the expression of p21(WAF1).

Acetylation ; drug effects ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; genetics ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; Histone Deacetylases ; metabolism ; Histones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Triglycerides ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo determine the difference of post-operative mortality between ORIF (open reduction internal fixation) and hip replacement for the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture in elderly by using survival analysis.

METHODSThe clinical data of 110 patients above 60 years old who underwent surgical treatment (ORIF or hip replacement) for the intertrochanteric fracture between April 2003 and May 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Among the patients, 83 cases were treated with ORIF (ORIF group), there were 32 males and 51 females, aged from 61.44 to 98.75 years old with an average of (78.52 ± 7.98) years old; and 27 cases were treated with hip replacement (arthroplasty group), there were 8 males and 19 females, aged from 71.82 to 96.54 years old with an average of (79.99 ± 6.11) years old. A survival analysis was performed on the clinical data by using SPSS 110 software. The survival rate of 1-year,2-year, 5-year and the mean survival time for the total patients, the mortality rate of 1-year, 2-year in each group, the survival rate of 1-year, 2-year and mean survival time and survival curve in each group were included.

RESULTSAll wounds achieved primary healing and no deaths were found in stay hospital. All patients were followed up from 1 to 125 months with an average of (46.93 ± 29.53) months. Among all 110 cases, 31 were dead and 79 survived. The survival rate of 1-year, 2-year and 5-year was (90.7 ± 2.8)%, (82.5 ± 3.9)% and (57.6 ± 6.5)%, respectively,while the ensemble mean survival time was (84.137 ± 5.902) months. The mortality rate of 1-year, 2-year in ORIF group was 7.2% and 12.0%, respectively; and in arthroplasty group, there was 14.8% and 25.9%, respectively. There was no significant difference in mortality rate of 1-year and 2-year between two groups. According to the survival analysis of the ORIF group, the survival rate of 1-year, 2-year was (92.6 ± 2.9)%, and (85.8 ± 4.3)%, respectively, and the mean survival time was (87.508 ± 6.063) months. In arthroplasty group, the survival rate of 1-year, 2-year was (85.2 ± 6.8)% and (73.9 ± 8.5)%,and the mean survival time was (67.294 ± 11.180) months. There was significant difference in mean survival time between two groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONORIF can achieve a better postoperative survival compare with hip replacement in treating intertrochanteric fracture in elderly.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Hip Fractures ; mortality ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo construct a co- culture system of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and multiple myeloma (MM) cells and investigate the alterations of connexin 43 (CX43) expression and stromal derived growth factor (SDF)- 1α secretion of MSC.

METHODSCX43 expression and SDF- 1α secretion of MM cell lines (RPMI8226) and human primary MM cells were analyzed by western blot and immunofluorescence. Western blot, RT- PCR and immunofluorescence were employed to detect the alterations of CX43 expression and distribution in MSC directly and indirectly co-cultured with myeloma cells. Lucifer yellow dye spread was utilized to evaluate gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) between co- cultured MSC. Transwell was applied to study the transmigration of RPMI8266 induced by MSC under the condition of 18α- glycyrrhetinic acid (18α-GA). The level of SDF- 1α was detected by EILSA.

RESULTSRPMI8266, U266 and one-third primary MM cells expressed CX43 at low or moderate levels. CX43 wasn't expressed in XG- 4 and XG- 7 cells but highly expressed in MSC. The expressions of CX43 mRNA of MSC were up- regulated after directly and indirectly co- cultured with RPMI8226, 1.36 and 2.10 times that of MSC cultured alone respectively. Western blot analysis showed that CX43 protein expression of MSC was also up-regulated, mainly distributed in cytoplasm. Lucifer yellow dye spread showed that GJIC was up-regulated in MSC. SDF-1α concentration in supernatant of MSC directly and indirectly co-cultured with RPMI8226 were (373.02±10.11)pg/ml and (309.71±10.71)pg/ml respectively, which were higher than that of MSC cultured alone (237.84±9.23)pg/ml (P<0.01), and could be inhibited by 18α-GA [(237.84±9.23)pg/ml and (94.31±6.44)pg/ml] respectively (P<0.01). 18α-GA could inhibit the transmigration of RPMI8226 induced by MSC, decrease from (8.00±0.67)% to (4.82±0.19)%.

CONCLUSIONCX43 expression of MSC was up-regulated after directly and indirectly co-cultured with MM cells, which could improve the level of SDF-1α secretion of MSC. GJ inhibitor could downregulate SDF-1α secretion of MSC and inhibit the transmigration of MM cells induced by MSC.

Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; secretion ; Coculture Techniques ; Connexin 43 ; secretion ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Multiple Myeloma ; metabolism ; pathology

This study was aimed to retrospectively analyze and compare the clinical curative efficacy of patients with hematologic malignancies after G-CSF-mobilized sibling HLA-matched (sm) peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (sm-allo-PBHSCT) and sm-allo-PBHSCT combined with bone marrow transplantation (BMT). 100 patients received sm-allo-HSCT in a single center from October 2001 to October to 2010, included 38 patients received sm-allo-PBHSCT and 62 patients received sm-allo-PBHSCT combined with BMT. The myeloablative or reduced intensity conditioning regimens were chosen according to the condition of patients. All patients received standard cyclosporine (CsA) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as prophylaxis for GVHD. The results showed that the rapid hematopoietic reconstitution was observed in all patients. The median time of ANC ≥ 0.5 × 10(9)/L in both groups were 12 days, the median time of platelet count ≥ 20 × 10(9)/L was 15 days in sm-allo-PBHSCT group and 16 days in sm-allo-PBHSCT + BMT group. The incidence of acute GVHD, acute GVHD of III-IV grade and chronic GVHD in sm-allo-PBHSCT and sm-allo-PBHSCT + BMT groups were 37.1% and 34.2%, 7.89% and 8.06%, 36.11% and 41.38% respectively, there were no statistical differences. The relapse rates were similar in two groups (sm-allo-PBHSCT 13.16% vs sm-allo-PBHSCT + BMT 12.9%). The 3-year disease-free survivals in sm-allo-PBHSC and sm-allo-PBHSCT + BMT groups were 57.1 ± 8.7% and 61.3 ± 6.4% respectively (p = 0.852). The 2-year overall survival of high-risk patients was 41.4 ± 12.8% in sm-allo-PBHSCT group, while 60.9 ± 9.6% in sm-allo-PBHSCT + BMT group (p = 0.071). It is concluded that the rhG-CSF mobilized sibling matched allo-PBHSCT + BMT is superior to the rhG-CSF mobilized sibling matched allo-PBHSCT in increasing the overall survival of high-risk hematologic malignancies.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; therapeutic use ; HLA Antigens ; immunology ; Hematologic Diseases ; immunology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Retrospective Studies ; Siblings ; Tissue Donors ; Young Adult