Objective To explore the construction and verification of the classification model for the five properties of traditional Chinese medicine:warm,cool,cold,hot,and neutral.Methods Urine samples of mice after taking Chinese medicine of different properties were selected as research objects,and Raman spectroscopy-related technology was used for detection.The obtained data set was classified into training set and test set,and the classification model was constructed using four machine learning methods:random forest,extreme gradient boosting,support vector machine,and logistic regression.The model performance was evaluated using precision,recall,F1 score,and accuracy.Results A total of 4 888 sets of spectra were collected in this study,of which 80%,totaling 3 910 sets of spectral data,were used to build the model,and the remaining 20%,totaling 978 sets of spectral data,were used to test model performance.The accuracy of the random forest model was 92%,the extreme gradient boosting model was 87%,the support vector machine model was 83%,and the logistic regression model was 75%.The Raman shifts with the highest classification weights were 872,1 012,1 108,1 190 and 1 668 cm-1.Conclusion Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning algorithms can be used to classify the five medicinal properties of traditional Chinese medicine,among which the random forest model has the best effect.

Objective To assess the effect of isosorbide dinitrate on the improvement of cardiac function after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by regulating myocardial cells apoptosis..Methods Total of 30 domestic pigs were divided into three groups randomly (random mumber) after anesthetization:the sham group (n=6),the control group (n=12),and the isosorbide dinitrate group (n=12).Cardiac arrest of ventricular fibrillation was induced by programed electrical stimulation in the control and isosorbide dinitrate groups.Isosorbide dinitrate was infused at the rate of 2 μg/(kg·min) in the isosorbide dinitrate group.Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) and cardiac output (CO) were recorded at baseline,2,6,12 and 24 h after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).Myocardial enzyme and heart fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) was tested at the same time points.At 24 h after ROSC,the animals were sacrificed to obtain the myocardium for pathological section and Western blot.The expression of Bcl-2,Bax and activated Caspase-3 were tested and apoptosis was tested by TUNEL and apoptosis index was calculated.Results Right atrial pressure (RAP) increased after ROSC and decreased in the isosorbide dinitrate group compared with the control group (P＜0.05).CPP at 12,24 h after ROSC and CO at 24 h after ROSC in the isosorbide dinitrate group increased significantly compared with the control group (both P＜0.05).HE staining revealed that the injury of myocardial cells was ameliorated in the isosorbide dinitrate group.Apoptosis index of the isosorbide dinitrate group significantly decreased than the control group [(37.8±15.5)％ vs (13.1±0.5)％,P＜0.05].The expression of Bax and activated Caspase-3 decreased while Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax increased after ROSC in the isosorbide dinitrate group compared with the control group (all P＜0.05).Conclusions Isosorbide dinitrate could improve the isehemia/reperfusion injury and cardiac function after ROSC by inhibiting apoptosis regulated with Caspase-3 pathway.

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the expression of synuclein-γ (SNCG) and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) both in the invasive ductal breast cancer samples and T47D and T47D(SNCG)- cell lines, to investigate the correlation between SNCG and MMP-9.

METHODSTotally 96 invasive ductal breast cancer samples (female, mean age of (56 ± 8) years) were collected between June 2009 and June 2012. The expressions of SNCG and MMP-9 were investigated by immunohistochemistry. T47D and SNCG knock down T47D(SNCG)- cell lines were established and SNCG and MMP-9 protein expression were investigated by Western blot and gene expression by real-time PCR.

RESULTSAmong 96 samples, 26 (27.1%) of them co-expressed SNCG and MMP-9, 30(31.2%) of them expressed neither SNCG nor MMP-9. The expression of SNCG was correlated with the expression of MMP-9 (r = 0.655, P = 0.000).SNCG mRNA level of T47D cell line was 13.5 fold of T47D(SNCG)- cell line and SNCG protein expression was 2.1 fold. While MMP-9 mRNA level of T47D cell line was 7.3 fold of T47D(SNCG)- cell line and MMP-9 protien expression was 1.6 fold.When SNCG was knocked down, the expression of MMP-9 decreased.

CONCLUSIONSSNCG and MMP-9 are significantly correlated with each other in breast cancer. SNCG may promote the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer mediated by up-regulating the expression of MMP-9.

Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; gamma-Synuclein ; metabolism

Aim To investigate the effect and role of neuronal restriction silencing factor(REST/NRSF)in epilepsy disorder.Methods Immunohistochemistry,immunofluorescence,Western blot and qPCR tech-niques were used to detect REST/NRSF expression levels in hippocampal tissues of mice induced by kainic acid and human brain tissue.Viral injections,EEG re-cordings and behavioral methods were used to test the effects on epileptic mice after knockdown and overex-pression of REST/NRSF in the hippocampal CA1 re-gion,respectively.Results The positive rate of REST/NRSF in the lesions of epileptic patients was significantly higher compared with that in the control group.The levels of REST/NRSF protein and mRNA in the CA1 region of the hippocampus of mice in the KA model group were significantly higher.Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 potassium channel mRNA expression levels were significantly down-regulated.Significant up-regu-lation of REST/NRSF expression levels was observed in mouse hippocampus after NMDA injection.Knock-down of REST/NRSF in the CA1 region of hippocam-pus significantly elevated the expression levels of Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 potassium channel mRNAs.The fre-quency of EEG spiking and sharp-wave issuance and epileptic seizure grade were significantly lower.Over-expression of REST/NRSF in the CA1 region of hippo-campus significantly reduced the mRNA expression lev-els of Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 potassium channels.The fre-quency of EEG spiking and sharp-wave issuance was significantly higher and epileptic symptoms were exac-erbated.Conclusion REST/NRSF in mouse hipp-ocampal brain regions is involved in epileptic disease development through transcriptional regulation of Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 potassium channels.

Isorhapontigenin (ISO) is suggested to have many different kinds of pharmacology activities, such as anti-inflammatory effect, anti-oxidation effect and anti-cancer effect. This paper mainly discussed the transport mechanism of ISO in Caco-2 cell models. The concentration of ISO was determined by UPLC method with PDA detector at 310 nm, and then the apparent permeability coefficient Papp was calculated. The cytotoxic of different concentrations of ISO was investigated on Caco-2 cells to determine the concentration of drug administration. The effects of ISO concentration, time, temperature and transporter inhibitors on the transport of ISO were investigated. The test results showed that, ISO didn't have significant cytotoxicity at 10-60 μmol•L ⁻¹ in 14 hours. The transportation of ISO on Caco-2 cells was related to the concentration to a certain extent. Papp of ISO was higher than 10×10-6 cm•s ⁻¹ and ISO was absorbed easily by Caco-2 cells. The transport volume of ISO at BL side reached maximum at 3 h and was slightly decreased at 6 h. Papp (AP-BL) and Papp(BL-AP) at 4 ℃ were lower than those at 37 ℃. Papp (AP-BL) of ISO was significantly increased after adding P-gp inhibitor verapamil and Papp (BL-AP) of ISO was significantly decreased after adding MRP-2 inhibitor (probenecid or MK-571). The results suggested that transport mode of ISO was mainly passive diffusion in Caco-2 cell models, and P-gp and MRP may be involved in the transport of ISO.

In the thermal analysis, the pyrolysis characteristics of crude Kansui Radix, alcohol extract of Kansui Radix, petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract, ethyl acetate extract, n-butanol extract, and licorice vinegar were analyzed with simulated air (N₂-O₂ 4:1) as the carrier gas, at a temperature increase rate of 10 °C·min⁻¹ and a volume flow rate of 60 mL·min⁻¹, respectively. The results showed that due to the different polarity of the extraction solvent, the type and quantity of the chemical components contained in each polar part were different, and with the increase in the amount of solid powder of licorice, the peak of the maximum heat loss rate occurred in advance. For petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions, (157.40±1.06), 3.50, (25.83±1.66) °C in advance respectively, but the weight loss rate of the chloroform fraction was increased by (2.62±5.19) °C, while decreased by (33.90±1.72), (19.28±1.11) °C for the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions. So we can conclude that with the addition of licorice, the pyrolysis rate of the petroleum ether and chloroform fractions in the toxic part of Kansui Radix was increased; the temperature point at the peak of the maximum weight loss rate was decreased, and the ethyl acetate fraction (effective part) showed a decrease in temperature rising process, but its overall ratio of weight loss and weight loss rate were relatively small, retaining the effect of medicinal ingredients. This proved the mechanism of licorice system Kansui Radix on attenuating toxicity after processing and the scientificity and rationality of licorice system Kansui Radix. At the same time, as the proportion of glycyrrhizin was increased, the peak of the maximum heat loss rate of petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions occurred in advance; the peak temperature was decreased, with easy pyrolysis. Among them, the thermogravimetric rate of the mixture of petroleum ether and chloroform fractions (10:1) was relatively large, with a low peak temperature, while ethyl acetate fraction showed opposite results. This conclusion has certain guiding significance for the ratio of gansui to licorice.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; Temperature

To enhance the clinical applicability of guidelines and provide more effective guidance for clinical practice, a clinical value assessment was conducted during the development of the World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies (WFAS) Clinical Practice Guideline of Acupuncture and Moxibustion for Migraine, which involved the evaluation of 59 acupuncture and moxibustion treatment protocols from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This article introduced the methodology, content and results of the clinical value assessment of RCT-based acupuncture and moxibustion treatment protocols, which involved the integration of historical and contemporary medical evidence and expert consensus. It served as a methodological reference for the future development of acupuncture and moxibustion clinical practice guidelines.
Humans ; Moxibustion ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Acupuncture ; Clinical Protocols ; Migraine Disorders/therapy*

Objective: To explore the relationship between obesity status and death stratified by different multi-morbidity status in older adults in China. Methods: Data for older Chinese adults aged ≥65 years were from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Multi-morbidity patterns based on 13 chronic conditions were explored using exploratory factor analysis. Cox models were used to examine relationships between obesity status and death stratified by disease count and multi-morbidity patterns at baseline, respectively. Besides, obesity status was defined by baseline body mass index and waist circumference. Results: A total of 6 272 participants were included in the analyses. Multi-morbidity including cardio-metabolic, sensory perception and other patterns were identified. For those without any chronic condition, compared with those without central obesity, central obesity was associated with a higher risk for death (HR=1.66, 95%CI:1.04-2.66). For those only with one chronic condition, compared with normal weight, underweight was associated with a higher risk for death (HR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.10-1.80). For those with multi-morbidity, compared with normal weight, underweight increased the risk for death (HR=1.19, 95%CI:1.05-1.34). Compared with those without central obesity, central obesity decreased the risk for death (HR=0.88, 95%CI:0.78-0.99). Conclusions: Relationships between obesity status and death varied by multi-morbidity status in older adults in China. Underweight and non-central obesity were associated with increased risks for death in older adults with only one chronic disease or multi-morbidity. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to multi-morbidity status in the management of obesity in older adults and provide effective targeted body weight management plan.
Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Multimorbidity ; Obesity/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Waist Circumference

This study aimed to investigate the effects of nanoparticles PLGA-NPs and mesoporous silicon nanoparticles(MSNs) of different stiffness before and after combination with menthol or curcumol on the mechanical properties of bEnd.3 cells. The particle size distributions of PLGA-NPs and MSNs were measured by Malvern particle size analyzer, and the stiffness of the two nanoparticles was quantified by atomic force microscopy(AFM). The bEnd.3 cells were cultured in vitro, and the cell surface morphology, roughness, and Young's modulus were examined to characterize the roughness and stiffness of the cell surface. The changes in the mechanical properties of the cells were observed by AFM, and the structure and expression of cytoskeletal F-actin were observed by a laser-scanning confocal microscope. The results showed that both nanoparticles had good dispersion. The particle size of PLGA-NPs was(98.77±2.04) nm, the PDI was(0.140±0.030), and Young's modulus value was(104.717±8.475) MPa. The particle size of MSNs was(97.47±3.92) nm, the PDI was(0.380±0.016), and Young's modulus value was(306.019±8.822) MPa. The stiffness of PLGA-NPs was significantly lower than that of MSNs. After bEnd.3 cells were treated by PLGA-NPs and MSNs separately, the cells showed fine pores on the cell surface, increased roughness, decreased Young's modulus, blurred and broken F-actin bands, and reduced mean gray value. Compared with PLGA-NPs alone, PLGA-NPs combined with menthol or curcumol could allow deepened and densely distributed surface pores of bEnd.3 cells, increase roughness, reduce Young's modulus, aggravate F-actin band breakage, and diminish mean gray value. Compared with MSNs alone, MSNs combined with menthol could allow deepened and densely distributed surface pores of bEnd.3 cells, increase roughness, reduce Young's modulus, aggravate F-actin band breakage, and diminish mean gray value, while no significant difference was observed in combination with curcumol. Therefore, it is inferred that the aromatic components can increase the intracellular uptake and transport of nanoparticles by altering the biomechanical properties of bEnd.3 cells.
Animals ; Mice ; Menthol/pharmacology* ; Actins/metabolism* ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism* ; Nanoparticles/chemistry*

BACKGROUND: Prospective analyses have yet to identify a consistent relationship between sleep duration and the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. The effect of changes in sleep duration on GI cancer incidence has scarcely been studied. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between baseline sleep duration and annual changes in sleep duration and GI cancer risk in a large population-based cohort study. METHODS: A total of 123,495 participants with baseline information and 83,511 participants with annual changes in sleep duration information were prospectively observed from 2006 to 2015 for cancer incidence. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and their confidence intervals (CIs) for GI cancers according to sleep duration and annual changes in sleep duration. RESULTS: In baseline sleep duration analyses, short sleep duration (≤5 h) was significantly associated with a lower risk of GI cancer in females (HR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.10-0.90), and a linear relationship between baseline sleep duration and GI cancer was observed (P = 0.010), especially in males and in the >50-year-old group. In the annual changes in sleep duration analyses, with stable category (0 to -15 min/year) as the control group, decreased sleep duration (≤-15 min/year) was significantly associated with the development of GI cancer (HR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.04-1.61), especially in the >50-year-old group (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.01-1.71), and increased sleep duration (>0 min/year) was significantly associated with GI cancer in females (HR: 2.89; 95% CI: 1.14-7.30). CONCLUSIONS Both sleep duration and annual changes in sleep duration were associated with the incidence of GI cancer.
Cohort Studies ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/etiology* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sleep