Child ; Graft Survival ; HLA Antigens ; genetics ; immunology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation Chimera ; genetics ; Transplantation Conditioning ; methods ; Transplantation, Homologous ; immunology

Lysins are efficient bacteria cell wall digesting enzymes encoded by DNA bacteriophage. Gram-positive bacteriophage lysins feature similar domain structure, high lytic efficiency, synergic antibacterial effect with antibiotics, rare neutralization by antibodies, less chance of developing drug-resistant strains, et al. The past decade has seen a considerable amount of research worldwidely focused on lysin, and lysins have been used successfully in a variety of animal models to control pathogenic antibiotic resistant bacteria found on mucosal surfaces and infected tissues. The great potential of lysins as an anti-infective agent prompted this review.

The optimum medium for Lactobacillus M7 was systematically studied with SAS system. Firstly, the prime factors affecting lactic acid yield were selected by means of Plackett-Burman design; secondly, the pnme facias were optimized by response rurface analysis. Under the optimum level determined, the yield is increased by 15%.

Central composite design (CCD) is one of the most commonly used design methods in response surface optimization and has been widely applied in the field of pharmaceutics to optimize preparations. On the 20th anniversary of the introduction of CCD into China, the paper reviews its application in domestic pharmaceutical researches. Based on the brief introduction of basic principle and operation steps of CCD, the mistakes emerging in the application of CCD are summarized, including conceptual confusion with Box-Behnken design and face-centered CCD as well as wrong designs. Besides, the issues concerning the selection of factors and responses are discussed. The article is helpful for researchers to comprehensively understand the CCD and facilitates the rational application of this method.

Objective To study the effects and mechanisms of BuShenYangGuTang on proliferation and apoptosis of multiple myeloma cell line KM3. Methods The inhibitory effect of BuShenYangGuTang on cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8. BuShenYangGuTang induced KM3 cell cycle arrest was analyzed by flow cytometry after propidium iodide staining. Flow cytometry was also used to analyze the cell apoptosis after Annexin V-FITC staining. The expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and NF-κB were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot assay. Results BuShenYangGuTang inhibited the KM3 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The expression levels of Bcl-2 and NF-κB were decreased, the expression level of Bax was increased, and the cell cycle was arrested in G0 / G1 phase after treatment with BuShenYangGuTang. Conclusion BuShenYangGuTang could inhibit the proliferation, arrest cell cycle and induce the apoptosis in KM3 cells, which may be related to the abnormal expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and NF-κB.

Animals ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; genetics ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; history ; immunology ; virology ; Russia ; epidemiology

Animals ; Global Health ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; history ; virology ; Spain ; epidemiology ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF)-A, -C and -D and their prognostic significance and relation to angio- and lymphangiogenesis in gastric cancer.

METHODSThe expression of VEGF-A, -C and -D in 123 primary gastric cancers was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and microvessel density (MVD) were assessed after immunohistochemical double-staining with D2-40 and CD34, respectively. The correlation between the expression of those VEGF factors and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed by univariate method. The overall survival was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was carried out using Cox proportion hazard model.

RESULTSThe positive expression rate of VEGF-A, -C and -D in primary gastric cancer samples were 64.2%, 65.9% and 41.5%, respectively. High expression of VEGF-A, or -C or -D, or any two of them was correlated with high LVD (P < 0.05). High expression of both VEGF-A and -C was associated with high MVD, lymph node metastasis, LVI and MVI (P < 0.05). Both VEGF-C and -D high expression was correlated with LVI and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). The patients with high expression of these factors had a statistically shorter overall survival (P < 0.05). The patients with both VEGF-A and -C expression had the shortest survival (56 months). Multivariate analysis showed that VEGF-A high expression, MVD, lymph node metastasis and depth of tumor invasion were independent survival predictors (P = 0.033, 0.002, 0.019 and P < 0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONHigh expression of both VEGF-A and -C imply high potential of lymphangiogenesis, metastasis and poorer survival in gastric cancer patients. High expression of VEGF-C and -D may induce lymphangiogenesis and promote lymph node metastasis, but only VEGF-A is an independent predictor of survival.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphangiogenesis ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Lymphatic Vessels ; pathology ; Male ; Microvessels ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Survival Rate ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D ; metabolism

Objective: To investigate the application of gradient cushion on prevention of supine hypotension syndrome (SHS) undergoing cesarean section. Methods: 450 parturients undergoing cesarean section with spinal and epidural anesthesia, aged 20-45 years, ASA Ⅰ, Ⅱor Ⅲ grades, were randomly assigned into three groups: gradient cushion group (group A), sandbag group (group B) and left-leaning-operating table group (group C), 150 cases in each. The posture intervention was alternated after completion of spinal and epidural anesthesia. Recorded the cases of SHS, and collected systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and saturation of pulse oximetry (SpO₂) before anesthesia, 2 min, 5 min, 10 min after anesthesia and prefetus removal from uterus. And assessed the position comfort with surgical posture comfort scale. Results: The incidence of SHS in group A was 8.0%(12/150), in group B was 20.0% (30/150), and in group C was 21.3% (32/150). The rate of SHS was higher in group A than other groups (χ² value was 8.970, 10.653, all P<0.01). The score with surgical posture comfort scale was (47.03 ± 3.01), (38.13 ± 4.70), (36.10 ± 4.04), which was higher in group A than group B or group C, and the score with surgical posture comfort scale was higher in group B than group C (t value was 27.413, 30.227, 2.542, P<0.01 or 0.05). SBP and DBP were higher in group A and group B than group C at 2 min, 5 min, 10 min after anesthesia and prefetus removal from uterus, and SBP and DBP were higher in group A than group B at 2 min, 5 min, 10 min after anesthesia and prefetus removal from uterus, HR and RR were higher in group A and group B than group C at 2 min, 5 min, 10 min after anesthesia and prefetus removal from uterus, and HR and RR were higher in group A than group B at 2 min, 5 min, 10 min after anesthesia and prefetus removal from uterus (t value was -15.842-21.117, P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusion After spinal and epidural anesthesia, applying the gradient cushion for adjustment of position would be effective to reduce the occurrence of SHS, simple to handle, decreasing to change the position and increasing to comfort after position in cesarean section.