This paper discusses the relationship between stimulating pulse width and the threshold of electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP). Firstly, the rheobase and chronaxy from strength-duration curve of nerve fiber was computed using the shepherd's experiment results. Secondly, based on the relationship between ECAP and the action potential of nerve fiber, a mathematical expression to describe the relationship between stimulating pulse width and ECAP threshold was proposed. Thirdly, the parameters were obtained and the feasibility was proved to the expression with the results of experiment using guinea pigs. Research result showed that with ECAP compared to the action potential of nerve fiber, their threshold function relationship with stimulating pulse width was similar, and rheobase from the former was an order smaller in the magnitude than the latter, but the chronaxy was close to each other. These findings may provide meaningful guidance to clinical ECAP measurement and studying speech processing strategies of cochlear implant.
Action Potentials ; Animals ; Auditory Threshold ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Electricity ; Evoked Potentials ; Guinea Pigs ; Neural Conduction

Objective:To study the chemical constituents of Aconitum straminiflorum. Methods:The air-dried roots of A. stra-miniflorum were powdered and extracted three times with 90% ethonal under reflux. After the removal of the solvent under reduced pressure,the crude extract was dissolved in 1. 5% HCl solution(7 L). The acidic solution was basified to pH 9. 0 with ammonia (25%)and extracted with CHCl3 to obtain crude extract of total alkaloids after the removal of CHCl3 . The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography and identified based on spectral analysis( MS,1 H-üMR and 13 C-üMR). Results:Totally 7 compounds were isolated from A. straminiflorum,and characterized as aconosine(1),13-deoxyludaconitine(2),dolaconine(3), ezochasmanine(4),talatisamine(5),scopaline(6)and cammaconine(7),respectively. Conclusion:Seven diterpenoid alkaloids are isolated from A. Straminiflorum for the first time.

The degQ gene, amplified from Bacillus subtilis by PCR, was cloned to pUBS (sucrose induced secretion vector). After transformed into DB403, recombination named DB403(pUBSD) was formed. The results of the fermentation showed that degQ gene enhanced the expression of B. subtilis fibrin enzyme. The activity of the enzyme was increased to 2.2 times as the original one. In this article, the effects of different conditions, such as different kinds of sugar, different concentration of sucrose and different induced time were also be investigated and compared.

The purpose of this article was to investigate the application of Google Earth (GE)in the Three Dimensional Visualization(TDV)of the warnings signaled by early warning system of infectious disease.As an example.the prospective space-time scan statistics was used by mimicking daily prospective analyses of bacillary dysentery data from Shanghai municipality,Zhejiang province and Jiangsu province in 2005.Then one of the warnings was picked to illustrate the visualization of GE.GE could vividly display the results in three dimensions containing the complex information including date,areas,observed numbers,expected numbers ere.GE seemed a useful tool for infectious disease surveillance and had potential important values in reflecting the emergency response situation.The development of integrated system which consisted of GE,the infectious disease reporting system and cluster detection methods need to be emphasized for further research.

Objective To characterize the molecular characteristics of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of influenza B viruses isolated in Jiangsu province,2011.Methods Thirteen strains of influenza B virus in different areas and epidemic period in Jiangsu province,2011 were selected for whole-genome sequencing,and analysis of molecule epidemic characteristics for HA and NA was carried out by bioinformatics method.Results Of the 13 randomly selected influeuza B strains,10 strains were assorted to Victoria lineage strains with NA genes from Yamagata lineage,and 3 strains belong to Yamagata lineage.Compared nucleotide and amino acid sequences of HA and NA genes with their vaccine strains respectiuely,196/197 glycosylation site appeared on HA1 gene in Yamagata/Victoria isolates virus.Conclusion Both B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineage viruses co-circulated in Jiangsu province,and reassortant virus of Victoria lineage were predominant virus.

Genetic mutations are important molecular biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and surveillance.Therefore,the development of methods for mutation detection characterized with straightforward,highly specific and sensitive to low-level mutations within various sequence contexts is extremely needed.Although some of the currently available methods have shown very encouraging results,their discrimination efficiency is still very low.Herein,we demonstrate a fluorescent probe coupled with blocker and property of melting temperature discrimination,which is able to identify the presence of known or unknown single-base variations at abundances down to 0.1％ within 20 min.The discrimination factors between the perfect-match target and single-base mismatched target are determined to be 10.15-38.48.The method is sequence independent,which assures a wide range of application.The new method would be an ideal choice for high-throughput in vitro diagnosis and precise clinical treatment.

BACKGROUND: At present, finite element analysis can be used to judge intertrochanteric fractures, but mostly limited in the distribution of stress. Finite element model of various intertrochanteric fractures has not been reported in detail.OBJECTIVE: To build various types of intertrochanteric fracture models with Hypermesh 14.0 and LS-DYNA software to simulate the falling-induced external force on proximal femur, and to evaluate the effect of models, and to analyze the biomechanical mechanism of intertrochanteric fractures. METHODS: Normal side CT image data of one case of elderly intertrochanteric fracture were collected and imported into Mimics software to establish the proximal femur geometric models, were then analyzed and operated by LZ-DYNA solver after imported into Geomagic studio 2013 and Hypermesh 14.0 for smoothing and meshing. Before analysis, the material parameters were set, the boundary conditions were confirmed, and given the loading parameters. The operating results were checked in Hyper View. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The distribution of stress of proximal femur exactly matched to the previous study. EvansⅠtype intertrochanteric fracture model was obtained under continuous shear stresses, and six types of fractures were obtained by adjusting the load. (2) These results manifest that based on the Hypermesh 14.0 and LS-DYNA software, the finite element can well simulate the intertrochanteric fractures, and shear stress plays an important role in intertrochanteric fractures, which can provide experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of intertrochanteric fractures.

Myositis ossificans circumscripta (MOC) is a kind of self-localized, benign and tumor-like lesions often seen in adults, with approximately 75% of cases caused by trauma. We reported a case of non-traumatic MOC occurred at the elbow joint in a 9-year old child and it has been excised by surgery. After 18 months follow-up, a favorable outcome has been achieved with the Broberg-Morrey score of 100. We suggest that surgical resection should be done as soon as the diagnosis is confirmed.
Arthralgia ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Biopsy, Needle ; Child ; Elbow Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Myositis Ossificans ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Orthopedic Procedures ; methods ; Pain Measurement ; Postoperative Care ; methods ; Range of Motion, Articular ; physiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

To investigate the chemical constituents of the whole plants of Bidens bipinnata, the separation and purification of constituents were performed by chromatography on macroporous resin, silica gel, MCI and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data as quercetin (1), quercetin-3-0-alpha-L-rhamnoside (2), keampferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), keampferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (4), 3', 5-dyhydroxy-3, 6, 4'-trimethoxyl -7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside flavonoid (5), 7, 8, 3', 4'-tetraflavanone(6), (2S)- and (2R)-isookanin-7-O-beta-D- glucopyranoside (7a/7b), (2S)- and (2R)-3'-methoxy-isookanin-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8a/8b), 6, 7, 3', 4'-tetrahydroxyaurone(9), maritimetin (10), esculetin (11), 3-O-caffeoyl-2-methyl-d-erythrono-1, 4-lactone (12), (7S, 8R) balanophonin-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (13), eugenyl-O-beta-apiofuranosyl-( 1"-6') -O-beta-glucopyranoside (14), and (+)-syringaresinol-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (15). Compounds 8, 13, 14, and 15 were isolated from this genus for the first time. Compounds 1 and 6 were potent inhibitors against HSC-T6 cells in vitro and compounds 1, 2, 6, and 7 were capable of decreasing the inflammatory cytokine production of macrophage cells in vitro.
Bidens ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Objective To evaluate the CT findings of pancreatic carcinoid tumors.Methods The CT imaging data of five patients with pancreatic carcinoid tumors confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed.Results The tumors ranged in maximum diameter from 2.0 to 11.0 cm with a mean of 6.4 cm. On unenhanced CT,the tumors were slightly hypodense relative to the pancreatic parenchyma,homogenous in 2 cases,and heterogenous in 3 cases.One tumor showed calcification.After contrast material injection, the solid component of the tumor showed marked heterogenous enhancement on the arterial phase scanning in 3 cases,and mild heterogenous enhancement in 2 cases.The degree of tumor enhancement was less intense than the surrounding pancreatic parenchyma due to necrosis of various degree,which led to the cystic appearance of the tumor in 1 ease.On the portal phase scanning,all tumors showed marked enhancement similar to that of the pancreatic parenchyma.On the delayed phase scanning,the degree of enhancement was more intense than the surrounding pancreatic parenchyma in 1 case.Liver metastases with retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy and peripancreatic vessels invasion were seen in 1 case.No dilatation of the biliary tract or pancreatic duct was present.Conclusion The CT features of pancreatic carcinoid tumors included infrequent dilatation of the biliary tract or pancreatic duct and unusual vascular involvement,calcification within the mass,marked enhancement similar to that of the surrounding pancreatic parenchyma during the portal phase scanning and more intense during the delayed phase scanning.