Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear ; congenital ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Melanocytes ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Guanylate-binding protein 1 (GBP1) is an interferon induced protein, that belongs to the guany late-binding protein family. GBP1 is widely involved in anti-infection immune responses, anti-tumor activity and various biological reactions. Recent studies have proved that IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, IL1alpha, IL1beta, TNF-alpha and LPS can induce GBP1 expression; hence, the diverse biological functions of GBP1 have been gradually deduced and exploited. Many studies have been performed over recent years to understand the exact mechanisms that underlie the anti-infection and anti-tumor properties of GBP1. This review describes the molecular structure, biological activity, anti-infective properties and other functions of GBP1, in order to provide insights into the divergent roles of GBP1 in the regulation of various biological processes.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; metabolism ; Antiviral Agents ; metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Interferons ; genetics ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDTranscription factors hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha (HIF 1alpha) and endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1) promote the transcription of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF enhances angiogenesis and vascular permeability of tumours, which promotes tumour growth and facilitates entry of cancer cells into blood circulation and metastasizing. This study examined whether HIF 1alpha and EPAS1 stimulated angiogenesis through activation of VEGF in human pancreatic carcinoma.

METHODSSpecimens from pancreatic carcinoma and healthy parts of same pancreas were taken from 60 patients. Real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction estimated expression of HIF 1alpha, EPAS1, and VEGF mRNAs. Western blotting and immunohistochemical, streptavidin peroxidase method assessed expression of HIF 1alpha, EPAS1, and VEGF proteins. Microvessel density (MVD) was assessed.

RESULTSHighly significant increases in expression of EPAS1, VEGF, and MVD were found in pancreatic carcinoma tissue but not in normal pancreatic tissue: VEGF at mRNA and protein levels (t = 17.32, P = 0.0001; t = 98.41, P = 0.0001); EPAS1 protein level (t = 22.51, P = 0.0001). Expression of HIF 1alpha was similar in pancreatic carcinoma and normal pancreatic tissues at both mRNA and protein levels. Significant correlations were observed between EPAS1 and VEGF (r = 0.736, P = 0.0041), between VEGF and MVD (r = 0.858, P = 0.0001), and between EPAS1 and MVD (r = 0.641, P = 0.0003). No significant correlations were observed between HIF 1alpha and VEGF, or between HIF 1alpha and MVD. MVD and expression of EPAS1 and VEGF were significantly related with TNM staging, so was EPASI and VEGF with size of tumour.

CONCLUSIONSEPAS1 and VEGF, but not HIF1alpha, are overexpressed in pancreatic carcinoma. The expression of EPAS1 is correlated with that of VEGF and MVD. EPAS1 may be involved in the angiogenesis of pancreatic carcinoma by upregulating the expression of VEGF. Targeting EPAS1 may be a new method of antiangiogenic tumour therapy for pancreatic carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Blotting, Western ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; genetics ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to explore the scene-trait coping style of military rescuers in Wenchuan earthquake in an effort to provide scientific evidences for mental intervention program for Chinese military personnel.

METHODSBy cluster sampling, a total of 151 military rescuers and 331 control servicemen were administered the military personnel scene-trait coping style scale (MPSTCSS).

RESULTSAll active coping factor scores, and passive coping factor scores of affection, health and economy in the rescuer group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). The 21-above age subgroup, the 3-year plus service subgroup, and the officer subgroup had significantly higher active coping factor scores on military tasks, military experience and personal development than those of the 21-below age subgroup, 3-year minus service subgroup and the soldier subgroup, respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe earthquake relief servicemen can cope with stressful situations better than control group by taking active coping style. The officers, servicemen older than 21 years, and servicemen with more service duration than 3 years could usually take active coping style.

Adaptation, Psychological ; Disasters ; Earthquakes ; Humans ; Military Personnel ; psychology ; Stress, Psychological

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of a new anticoagulant, annexin V derivative (AND) on anticoagulation and antithrombosis.

METHODSHigh and low doses of AND were given to rabbits (groups 1 and 2 respectively) by intravenous (iv) bolus injections followed by half the respective AND doses by iv infusion over 2 hours. Control groups were iv given heparin (group 3) and saline (group 4) of the same volume and procedure as that in group 1 and 2. Blood cell count, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT) and fibrinogen level were examined before and 15, 30 and 60 min after iv bolus and 2 hours after the end of iv infusion. A 3.0 mm x 15 mm balloon was put into femoral artery to induce endothelial denudation 15 min after IV bolus and the blood pressure of femoral artery was monitored until the pulse pressure recorded 0 mm Hg when the vessel was occluded completely by a thrombus. The femoral arteries were collected and the thrombi were stripped off for measuring their lengths, wet and dry weights.

RESULTSAnticoagulation parameters: APTT at 15 min after iv bolus in AND group was significantly longer than that in group 4 (P < 0.05) but shorter than that in group 3 (P < 0.05); APTT and TT in group 3 were significantly longer than those in groups 1, 2 and 4. Fibrinogen: 0.70 mg/kg AND may decrease fibrinogen. Antithrombosis values: the wet and dry weights in AND groups were significantly lighter than those in group 3 and 4 (P < 0.05). The dry weight in high-dose AND group was remarkably lighter than that in low-dose group (P = 0.029). The length of thrombus in low-dose AND group was remarkably shorter than that in group 4 (P = 0.013), but not for group 3 (P > 0.05). It was remarkably shorter in high-dose AND group than in both group 3 (P < 0.001) and 4 (P = 0.015). The time when pulse pressure equaled to 0 was longer in AND group than in group 4 (P < 0.05), but not in 3.

CONCLUSIONAND is an effective anticoagulant and antithrombosis agent, the highest anticoagulation effect occurs at 15 min after IV bolus. Its anticoagulation effect is not more potent than that of standard heparin, while antithrombosis capacity is more effective. AND in treating thrombosis clinically might be promising.

Animals ; Annexin A5 ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Anticoagulants ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fibrinogen ; analysis ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Prothrombin Time ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Thrombin Time ; Thrombosis ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo investigate the inhibitory effect of the mycelium extract from a Chinese fungus (M1) on HIV-1 and its mode of action.

METHODSSeveral in vitro methods including time of action, time of addition and PCR were used to test the mode of action of M1.

RESULTSM1 inhibited acute HIV infection in vitro and was effective when it was added 12 h after infection. PCR analysis of infected cells demonstrated that M1 delayed the appearance of late product of reverse transcription and HIV was blocked before its RNA expression.

CONCLUSIONThe target of M1 is post-integration of proviral DNA.

Anti-HIV Agents ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fungi ; chemistry ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; genetics ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Time Factors ; Transcription, Genetic ; Virus Replication ; drug effects

Objective To explore clinical features and imaging diagnosis of colonic stenosis in infants. Methods Seven patients with congenital and acquired colonic stenosis proved by surgery were included in this study. The clinical features, erect abdominal plain radiograph and barium enema were analyzed. Results Of the 7 patients, 4 were congenital colonic stenosis with progressive abdominal distention and vomiting. The erect abdominal plain radiograph showed that intestinal inflation in 3 patients, low-set mechanical intestinal obstruction in 1 patient. In the remaining 3 patients who underwent ileostomy after neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Barium enema showed colonic stenosis in 5 patients and 2 were missed diagnosed who underwent contrast examination in the small intestine, and which showed stenosis in ascending colon near the ileocecus. Seven patients were all proved by surgery. The stenosis sites were located in sigmoid colon in 2 cases, in descending colon in 2 cases, in ascending colon in 2 cases and in transverse colon in 1 case. In 4 cases of congenital colonic stenosis, 2 cases underwent surgical staging, 1 case was followed up for half a year, showing normal defecation and well development, the other 1 case was lost visit after hospital discharge. The other 2 cases received end-to-end ileum and colon anastomosis, the abdominal distension was relieved in outpatient review, showing well-developed. Three cases with NEC and secondary colonic stenosis underwent staged surgery. Two patients were followed up in outpatient 2 weeks after operation. They were followed up for half a year, showing normal defecation and well-developed. The other 1 case was lost visit after hospital discharge. Conclusion Clinical features of colonic stenosis are very different and depend on the stenosis degree. NEC is the main cause of acquired colonic stenosis and it can be diagnosed by barium enema.

Objective To develop a method for the determination of total cholesterol in serum by isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC/MS/MS).Methods Serum samples were supplemented by addition of [3,4-~(13)C_2]-cholesterol,hydrolyzed with alcoholic sodium hydroxide and oxidized into cholest-4-ene-3,6-dione by chromic acid.The oxidation products were analyzed by LC/MS/MS using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source and detection modes of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and single ion recording (SIR).Signals (peak areas) of the internal standard were corrected for the contributions of cholesterol and the signal ratios of cholesterol to internal standard for the calibrations were linearly regressed against cholesterol concentrations.The resulted regression equation was used for the calculation of serum cholesterol concentrations.Results The correlation coefficients between the peak area ratios and cholesterol concentrations were 0.999 9 and higher.Under MRM mode,the average within-run CV of the results obtained on 3 serum samples was 0.95% (ranged from 0.92% to 0.99%) and the total CVwas 0.86% (0.82% to 0.89%),and under SIR mode,the within-run CV was 0.64% (from 0.54% to 0.77%) and the total CVwas O.69% (0.62% to 0.81%),respectively. Results on certified reference materials (SRM 1951 a Level Ⅰ and Level Ⅱ;GBW 09145 and GBW 09147) showed an average bias of 0.23% (0.14% to 1.00%) under MRM mode,and 0.24% (0.07% to 1.27%) under SIR mode.Conclusions An ID-LC/MS/MS method for serum cholesterol has been developed.It is specific and precise and may be used as a candidate reference method.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical effect of white noise combined with glucose in reducing the procedural pain of retinopathy screening in preterm infants. METHODS: A total of 396 preterm infants with a gestational age of 28-34 weeks and a birth weight of ≤2 000 g were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the intervention method for reducing pain in retinopathy screening: control group with 100 infants (no white noise or glucose intervention), white noise group with 96 infants, glucose group with 98 infants and white noise + glucose group with 102 infants. The Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) was used to determine pain score during retinopathy screening, and the four groups were compared in terms of PIPP score before and after retinopathy screening. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in PIPP score, heart rate and blood oxygen saturation between the four groups at 3 minutes before screening (P>0.05). At 1 and 5 minutes after screening, the white noise, glucose and white noise + glucose groups had significantly lower heart rate and PIPP score but significantly higher blood oxygen saturation than the control group (P<0.05).The white noise + glucose group had significantly lower heart rate and PIPP score but significantly higher blood oxygen saturation than the white noise and glucose groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS White noise combined with glucose can reduce the procedural pain of retionopathy screening and keep vital signs stable in preterm infants.
Glucose ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Pain ; Pain Management

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of transcranial Doppler(TCD)-assisted interventional intra-arterial thrombosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods This clinical trial enrolled 22 patients with acute ischemic stroke(13 with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery within 6 h of symptom onset; 9 with occlusion of the base artery within 12 h of symptom onset); occlusive arterial cannula was performed and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rt-PA,20 mg)was injected to perform interventional intra-arterial thrombosis; and TCD ultrasonography of low frequency(2 MHz)and low intensity(0.25 W/cm2)was performed to assist the thrombosis.Cranial CT was performed again right after the operation and 24 h after the operation to observe the recanalization rate and intracranial hemorrhage; NIHSS scores and Barthel index scores were compared before and after the operation.Results The percentage ofrecanalization was 77.27％(17/22),including 22.73％(5/22)complete recanalization and 54.55％(12/22)partial recanalization; non-symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in 3 patients and no symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage was noted.NIHSS and Barthel index scores after the operation were obviously higher than those before the operation,indicating that favorable outcomes were achieved after thrombosis.Conclusion TCD-assited interventional intra-arterial thrombosis with rt-PA,significantly improving the recanalization rate of occlusive artery and remarkably reducing the happening ofintracerebral hemorrhage,can improve the prognosis and enjoy good clinical efficacy and safety in treatment of acute ischemic stroke.