Objective To investigate the changes of serum adiponectin level and insulin resistance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Methods 80 adult habitual snorers were divided into mild,moderate,severe OSAHS groups and control group,based on their apnea hypopnea index (AHI).Correlative clinical data were measured and analyzed.Results Serum adiponectin level [( 5.44 ± 2.57 ) mg/L] was significantly lower and HOMA-insulin resistance index ( 3.42 ± 0.70) was significantly higher in severe group than other groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Serum adiponectin level was negatively correlated with BMI,waist hip ratio,neck circumferences and et al( r =-0.233 ～ -0.499,P ＜0.05),but it was positively correlated with lowest oxygen saturation ( LSaO2 ),Ⅲ + Ⅳ％ and REM％ ( r =0.270～ 0.429,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Both hypoadiponectinemia and insulin resistance were observed in severe OSAHS patients.The related risk factors of hypoadiponectinemia in OSAHS might include obesity,disordered sleep architecture and other adipokines.

AIM: To determine the contents of ephedrine、laetrile、glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin in Huagai Powder traditional decoction and granule decoction(Herba Ephedrae,Semen Armeniacae Amarum,Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae,etc.) by HPLC. METHODS: An Agilent SB-C_(18) column was used for ephedrine,the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid(4∶96),detection wavelength at 207 nm;An Agilent XDB-C_(18) column was used for laetrile,the mobile phase was methanol-water(23∶77),detection wavelength at 215 nm;An Agilent XDB-C_(18) column was used for glycyrrhizic acid,the mobile phase was methanol-0.2 mol/L ammonium-acid(67∶33∶1),detection wavelength at 250 nm; An Agilent XDB-C_(18) column was used for liquiritin,the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.5% acetic acid(20∶80),detection wavelength at 276 nm. RESULTS: There were discrepancies between traditional decoction and granules in the contents of four ingredients,the average contents in granules were more than those in the traditional decoction. CONCLUSION: The peaks of the four ingredients are(segregated)(effectively),and the method is simple,conveient,exact and has good reproducibility,the other ingredients do not have interferences for the determination.

Through investigating the hospital admission and hospital discharge of vagrant mental patients in Xi-aoshan Hospital from January 2011 to December 2015 , the present study found that there existed some ethical di-lemmas including the risk ofdiagnosing mental disorder but actually not, lack of the guarantee of patients' rights and interests and supervision mechanism without guardian, long-term retention in the wards, and so on. It is sug-gested to establish right protection and supervision committee for vagrant mental patients, reduce the misdiagnosis ofdiagnosing mental disorder but actually not through the error correction mechanism, ensure proper treatment and care, create retention way, protect the basic rights of the vagrant mental patients, reduce mental disability, avoid to stray again, so as to perfect the social management system.

Objective To conduct breath test with a relatively large number of subjects for new data regarding breath acetone in diabetes using a high accuracy and high data throughput breath acetone analyzer based on the cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) technique.Methods The CRDS breath analyzer was validated by standard acetone gas samples with various concentrations and golden standard gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).A total of 917 breath samples from 260 type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients and 30 healthy individuals were collected under each of 4 different conditions: fasting, 2 h post-breakfast, 2 h post-lunch, and 2 h post-dinner, and the samples were tested by the breath analyzer.Results The linear fitting curve of standard acetone samples with various concentration had good linearity (R=1, P＜0.05).The linear fitting of the results of GC-MS and CRDS was 0.98, suggesting that the obtained acetone concentrations using both methods were consistent.For the 260 T2D subjects, the exhaled breath acetone concentrations ranged from 0.0 to 10.6×10-6, while for the 30 healthy subjects, the breath acetone concentration ranged from 0.1 × 10-6 to 2.0× 10-6.The mean breath acetone concentration of the 260 T2D subjects was (1.5±1.l)× 10-6, which was 1.4 times of(1.1±0.5)×10-6 for the 30 healthy subjects.The mean breath acetone concentrations under the 4 conditions for the 260 T2D subjects ((1.6±1.2)×10-6, (1.4±1.0)×10-6~, (1.4±0.9)×10-6, and (1.4±1.2)× 10-6) were higher than that of the 30 healthy subjects ((1.3±0.3)×10-6, (1.0±0.6)×10-6, (1.0±0.6)×10-6, and (1.1±0.4)×10-6), respectively.No correlation was found between the breath acetone concentration and the blood glucose level of the T2D subjects and the healthy individuals.Conclusions The GC-MS validation confirms that the CRDS breath acetone analyzer is a reliable instrument for fast response and on-line breath acetone measurement.An elevated mean breath acetone concentration exists in T2D subjects.The relationship between breath acetone level and physiological parameters needs to be further investigated.

Objective To explore the role of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78),p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38MAPK) signal pathway in seizure-reduced brain injures and the regulatory effect of Nimodipine on it.Methods Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into status convulsion group (SC group),Nimodipine group(NM group),and a normal control group(NC group).The expressions of GRP78/Bip and p38MAPK mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription(RT)-PCR and immunohistochemistry.The expression of apoptosis cells was observed by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).Results (1) Immunohistochemistry:at 4 h after induction of status convulsion,the expression of GRP78 protein in the hippocampus CA1 domain began increasing slightly,and reached a maximum at 24 h,and then began decreasing slowly ; at 4 h after induction of status convulsion,the expression of p38MAPK protein in the hippocampus CA1 domain began increasing,and reached a maximum at 24 h,and decreased remarkably at 48 h.(2) RT-PCR:at 4 h after induction of status convulsion,the expression of GRP78 protein in the hippocampus CA1 domain began increasing slightly,and reached a maximum at 24 h,and then began decreasing slowly.The NM group was much higher than the SC group and the NC group(all P ＜ 0.05) ; at 4 h after induction of status convulsion,the expression of p38MAPK protein in the hippocampus CA1 domain began increasing,and reached a maximum at 24 h,and decreased remarkably at 48 h;the NM group was much lower than the SC group,and higher than the NC group (all P ＜ 0.05).(3) TUNEL:at 4 h after induction of status convulsion,the expression of the TUNEL positive cells in the hippocampus CA1 domain began increasing slightly,and reached a maximum at 48 h,and then began decreasing,and there was no difference between SC group and NC group;the NM group was much lower than the SC group(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The correlation of the increased expression of p38MAPK and neuronal apoptosis indicates that GRP78 signal pathway may be mediated to cell apoptosis through p38MAPK.Nimodipine can affect the expression of GRP78/Bip and p38MAPK,and relieve endoplasmic reticulum stress,and lessen the pathologic damage to the hippocampus.

Objective To investigate and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of an epidemic situation of human brucellosis epidemic in Xinchang County Zhejiang Province,and provide experience for prevention and treatment of brucellosis.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed to collect the data of epidemic situation,field case investigation,serum test and hospital diagnosis and treatment,and the situation of epidemic situation in 2018 of Xinchang County and field investigation were summarized and analyzed.Results A total of 3 confirmed cases were reported in this outbreak,one of them was a laboratory diagnosed case of brucellosis,2 cases were closely contacted with sick animals,and those 2 cases were confirmed by serological tests (n =30).The source of infection was the purchase and slaughter of unquarantined goats.A total of 10 goats blood samples were collected in the inter-animal investigation,4 of them were positive.Conclusion Unprotected contact with infected goats is a major exposure factor,raising awareness and promoting publicity about the path of infection with brucellosis is the key to preventing brucellosis.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of oral ginger capsule or ginger powder in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients.Methods:Computers searched Chinese Journal Full-text Database (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wanfang Database, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library about oral chemotherapy in patients with cancer ginger correlation clinical curative effect of nausea and vomiting randomized controlled trial, supplemented by other search methods, the time range was built until July 2019. Quality evaluation and data extraction were performed independently by two investigators, and Meta analysis was performed by RevMan5.3 software.Results:A total of 12 articles and 13 studies were included, with a total of 1 105 patients. Meta-analysis showed that oral ginger capsule or ginger powder reduced the incidence of acute vomiting (risk ratio value was 0.76, 95% confidence interval was 0.59-0.98, P<0.05) and the severity of vomiting (mean difference value was-0.79, 95% confidence interval was-1.36--0.23, P<0.01), including the severity of acute vomiting (mean difference value was-1.39, 95% confidence interval was-2.72--0.06, P<0.05) and the severity of delayed vomiting (mean difference value was-0.46, 95% confidence interval was-0.82--0.10, P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence and severity of acute and delayed nausea ( P>0.05). Conclusions:This study demonstrates that oral ginger capsule or ginger powder is a complementary treatment for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients, and more high-quality studies are needed to validate its clinical efficacy in the future.

Shuangdan oral liquid (SDO) containing radix Salviae miltiorrhizae (Chinese name Danshen) and cortex moutan (Chinese name Mudanpi) is a traditional Chinese medicine using for treating vascular diseases. Danshensu (DSS) is a main effective monomer composition derived from radix Salviae miltiorrhizae and paeonol (Pae) from cortex moutan. Although the two herbs are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, the pharmacological functions of their active compositions were not reported. Therefore, the research of DSS and Pae in mechanisms and pharmacodynamics interaction can provide scientific evidence to support clinical application. The diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats which were induced by streptozotocin (STZ) were treated with SDO, DSS, Pae, and DSS+Pae for eight weeks. The positive effects on DN animal models were investigated by detection of physiological and biochemical indexes and oxidative stress markers, within five treatments: SDO, DSS, Pae, DSS+Pae and insulin group. Compared with the model group, the DSS+Pae group improved the renal function, blood lipid metabolism and blood viscosity, increased the vitality of T-SOD or T-AOC and decreased the level of MDA or NO after the treatment. The study was successfully showed that the DSS+Pae group could delay the process of DN, especially in the renal injury part of histopathology changes. Our results suggest that the co-administration of DSS and Pae significantly may play a protective role in DN rats through decreasing the oxidative stress and improving the blood lipid metabolism mechanisms.
Animals ; Blood Viscosity ; Diabetic Nephropathies* ; Insulin ; Lipid Metabolism ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Models, Animal ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats* ; Salvia ; Streptozocin ; Vascular Diseases