In this study,we collected the prescriptions of Professor Liu Fengbin used for the out-patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),counted the usage frequency of the herbs and core-combination herbs in the prescriptions,analyzed the medication principles of Professor Liu Fengbin,and mined the new recipes for IBS by the methods of association rule mining and complex system entropy clustering presented in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System.The results showed that Professor Liu is experienced in treating IBS based on liver-spleen differentiation,mainly applying the therapies of invigorating spleen and replenishing qi,soothing liver and regulating qi,also using the methods of resolving dampness,alleviating depression,relieving pain and activating blood,and prescribing the basic recipe of Chai Shao Sijunzi Decoction.The medication principles of Professor Liu Fengbin for the treatment of IBS will be beneficial to the further exploration of the syndrome pattern distribution of IBS and new recipes for IBS.

AIM: To observe the ameliorative effect of Puerarin Injection on blood hyperviscosity in acute blood-stasis model rats. METHODS: The acute blood-stasis model rats were made by injected adrenaline repeatedly and soaked in ice water. The markers of whole blood viscosity and plasm viscosity in the rats were measured with Auto-Viscometer. RESULTS: The whole blood viscosity and plasm viscosity was significantly raised in the acute blood-stasis model rats and Puerarin Injection had ameliorative effects on them. CONCLUSION: Puerarin Injection can ameliorate the blood-high-viscosity in rats of blood-stasis model.

Purpose To analyze the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features, differential diagnosis and prognosis of papil-lary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC). Methods Thirty-two cases of PRCC diagnosed were reviewed. A retrospective study was per-formed including reviewing the clinical documents, pathological sections and immunohistochemical stainning and follow-up was made of 32 cases of PRCC. Twenty-one patients were treated with radical nephrectomy, eleven patients were treated with partial nephrectomy. Results Among 770 cases of renal epithelial tumors 32(4. 2%) cases of PRCC were detected. Histologically, the PRCC were charac-terized by varying proportions of papillary and tubular architecture covered by single or multiple layer of tumor cells with scanty or volu-minous basophilic or eosinophilic cytoplasm. Foam cells and psammoma bodies were seen in some papillary cores and stroma, and the cytoplasm of some tumor cells contained hemosiderin. Of these 32 patients, 18 and 14 were diagnosed type-Ⅰand type-IIPRCC, re-spectively. Type-I, with small cuboid cell and pale cytoplasm, 16 of them were low in Fuhrman grading, Type-II, with large colunmar cells, rich in eosinophilic cytoplasm, 12 of them were high in Fuhrman grading. Immunohistochemically, the PRCC showed positive immunostaining for vimentin, EMA, CK(AE1/AE3), CK7, CD10 and AMACR. All the tumors studied were negative for CK (34βE12) and TFE-3. Follow-up data were available for 31 cases, 4 patients died of cancer specific causes, 1 with type-Ⅰand 3 with type-II tumors after surgery. The other 27 patients were alive without recurrence or metastasis. High Fuhrman grading, intravascular tumor emboli, lymph node metastasis and high clinical stage were prognostic indicators in PRCC. Conclusions PRCC with unique pathological features is not a common subtype of renal cell carcinoma in China. The presence of higher nuclear grade, sarcomatoid ele-ments or clear cell carcinoma structure may indicate an aggressive biologic behavior and poor prognosis. Close attention to the cytologic and growth pattern characteristics will allow us to arrive at the proper diagnosis in most cases, although sometimes immunohistochemis-try and rarely molecular genetic evaluation may be needed.

This article firstly reviews the current application status of mobile health based on social networking media, mobile health applications, wearable devices in infertility patients′nursing. Then, this paper analyzes the application effects of mobile health in the five aspects of treatment process management, health education, medication management, lifestyle management and psychological care for infertility patients based on the literature. The existing problems are analyzed and prospected on this basis, in order to provide a reference for the application of mobile health to infertility patients′nursing in China.

Objective To analyze the disease burden caused by low body weight in children under 5 years old in China from 1990 to 2010.Methods The analysis was conducted on the low body weight related deaths, years lived with disability(YLD), years of life lost (YLL) and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) in children aged ＜5 years in China from 1990 to 2010 by using the data for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 (GBD2010).The annual low body weight related deaths, YLL, YLD and DALY from 1990 to 2010 were compared.Results Among the children aged ＜5 years, 2 271 deaths and 295 300 person-years DALY were attributable to low body weight in 2010.Compared with 1990, the number of deaths and DALY attributed to low body weight decreased by 96.75％ and 95.46％ respectively.In 2010, the YLD and YLL attributable to low body weight in the children aged ＜ 5 years were 101 500 person-years and 193 800 person-years respectively.Compared with 1990, the YLD and YLL caused by low body weight in the children aged ＜5 years declined by 444 800 and 5.76 million person-years respectively.Conclusion Compared with 1990, the death and DALY, YLD and YLL attributable to low body weight in the children aged ＜5 years significantly declined in 2010.Considering the serious impact of death to loss of life in young age group, the effects and burden of disease caused by low body weight in the children aged ＜ 5 years should not be neglected in China.

Objective: Strategy for wound repair of skin and soft tissue defect and systematic rehabilitation treatment for functional reconstruction of patients with severe burn or trauma on knees. Methods: From January 2015 to October 2016, 26 patients with skin and soft tissue defect on knees after severe burn or trauma were hospitalized in our unit. Among these patients, 14 patients had patellar ligament defect, and 16 patients had knee joint capsule defect. Wound debridement was operated on 1 to 3 days after admission. After debridement, the area of skin and soft tissue defect ranged from 10 cm×7 cm to 42 cm×18 cm. Vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) treatment was performed after debridement, and flap transplantation operation was performed after VSD treatment for 5 to 7 days. Defects of nine patients were treated with local rotation flaps. Seven patients with skin and soft tissue defects on knees and knee joint capsule defects of 5 cm×3 cm to 9 cm×7 cm were treated with free anterolateral femoral flaps combined with fascia lata. Ten patients with skin and soft tissue defects on knees and patellar ligament defects of 6 cm×3 cm to 12 cm×4 cm were treated with free anterolateral femoral flaps combined with iliotibial tract. The area of flaps ranged from 11 cm×9 cm to 22 cm×15 cm. After flap transplantation operation, functional reconstruction of knee joint was carried out according to early, continuous, and sequential systematic rehabilitation treatment strategy. The pain degree and function of knee joint of patients were scored by the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Knee Evaluation Form before operation and 12 months after operation. The knee joint flexion and extension degrees of patients were measured by joint protractor in 2 weeks and 12 months after operation. The color Doppler ultrasound was used to evaluate integrity of knee joint capsule and continuity of patellar ligament of patients in 6 and 12 months after operation. Results: All flaps of 26 patients survived well, and wounds healed completely after the operation. Distal parts of flaps of 2 patients treated with free anterolateral femoral flaps had local necrosis after the operation, and their wounds healed after debridement and transplantation of autologous intermediate split-thickness skin graft of thigh. The IKDC Knee Evaluation Form score of patients was (79±8) points in 12 months after operation, which was significantly higher than (64±7) points before operation (t=7.20, P<0.05). The flexion degree of knee joint of patients was (117±10)° in 12 months after operation, which was significantly larger than (35±8)° in 2 weeks after operation (t=32.65, P<0.05). The extension degree of knee joint of patients was (12±9)° in 12 months after operation, which was significantly smaller than (61±9)° in 2 weeks after operation (t=19.63, P<0.05). In 6 and 12 months after operation, 9 patients treated with local rotation flaps had good integrity of knee joint capsule and continuity of patellar ligament; 7 patients treated with free anterolateral femoral flaps and fascia lata had good integrity of knee joint capsule; 10 patients treated with free anterolateral femoral flaps and iliotibial tract had good continuity of patellar ligament. During follow-up of 12 months, all flaps survived well; knees of all patients had good appearance; knee joints functioned normally. Conclusions Good appearance and function of knees can be achieved by repairing wound of skin and soft tissue defect on knees after severe burn or trauma with local rotation flaps or free anterolateral femoral flaps with fascia lata or iliotibial tract plus systematic rehabilitation treatment of knee joint in early stage after flap transplantation operation.

Objective: To analyze the rate of prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among women at reproductive age (18-49 years old) in China in 2013. Methods: The analysis used data obtained from the China Chronic and non-communicable disease surveillance in 2013.The surveillance included 176 534 adults aging ≥18 years old, who were selected from 302 surveillance points by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. A total of 46 674 women at reproductive age (18-49 years old) were investigated. Blood pressures were measured by electronic blood pressure monitor. After being weighted according to complex sampling scheme and post-stratification, the rate of prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were compared by different characteristics such as age, education, urban and rural areas, and geographic locations. Results: The prevalence of hypertension among women at reproductive age (18-49 years old) in China in 2013 was 13.5%. The rate in the rural areas was higher than that in urban areas (χ²=46.23, P<0.05), which were 14.5% and 12.3%, respectively. The prevalence in eastern, central and western geographic locations were separately 13.9%, 13.2% and 13.1%, there was no statistical difference (χ²=0.56, P>0.05). The hypertension prevalence in all age groups (18-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49 years old) were 6.6%, 9.2%, 9.6%, 12.0%, 17.9% and 28.3%, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension showed a rising trend with age increasing (t=12.32, P<0.05). The awareness, treatment and control rates of hypertension were separately 25.8%, 22.7% and 7.4% in women at reproductive age (18-49 years old), which were 31.6%, 28.2% and 9.4%, respectively in urban areas; and 21.3%, 18.5% and 5.9%, respectively in rural areas. The rates in urban areas were all higher than those in rural areas (chi square were separately 18.98, 21.31, and 6.80, P values <0.05). The treatment rate of hypertension was 86.8% among who had been aware of hypertension, and the treatment rate of hypertension was 31.8% among who received control of hypertension. The treatment rate among who had been aware of hypertension in eastern, central and western locations were 89.3%, 88.3% and 79.5%, respectively. The control rates in eastern, central and western locations were 8.5%, 8.1% and 4.7%, respectively. The treatment rate among who had been aware of hypertension and control rate in the eastern and central geographic locations was higher than that in western locations (chi square were separately 10.05 and 7.25, P values <0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension in women at reproductive age (18-49 years old) was comparatively high, and the rates of awareness, treatment and control were low. The differences showed statistical significance between urban and rural areas.

Objective To analyze the burden of disease attributed to high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in China in 1990 and 2013.Methods The analysis used data obtained from the 2013 Global Burden of Diseases Study and examined deaths,death rate,disability-adjusted life years (DALY),years lived with disability (YLD) and years of life lost (YLL) attributed to high FPG in 1990 and 2013 in China (not including Taiwan,China).An average world population age-structure for the period 2000-2025 was adopted to calculate age-standardized rates.Results In 2013,the number of deaths attributed to high FPG in China increased to 621.9 thousand from 320.3 thousand in 1990.From 1990-2013,the age-standardized death rate attributable to high FPG increased from 45.69/100 000 to 48.64/100 000.DALYs caused by high FPG increased to 20.389 1 million in 2013 from 10.648 3 million in 1990.In 2013,high FPG caused 8.751 5 million YLD and 11.637 6 million YLL,and the percentage of YLL in DALY decreased to 57.1％ in 2013 from 68.7％ in 1990.Compared with 1990,the age-standardized DALY rate attributed to high FPG increased by 10.81％.In 2013,the top three provinces with the highest burden of disease attributed to high FPG were Xinjiang,Jilin and Liaoning provinces,with standardized death rates of 83.38,74.01 and 68.64/100 000,respectively,and the standardized DALY rate was 2 217.96,2 001.84 and 1 837.79/100 000 in the three provinces,respectively.Conclusion Compared with 1990,the burden of disease attributed to high FPG in 2013 increased substantially in China,in particular the burden of attributed YLD.However,the burden of YLL attributed to high FPG has decreased modestly.The burden of disease caused by high FPG shows variation among different provinces in China.

Objective To analyze the burden of disease attributed to high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in China in 1990 and 2013.Methods The analysis used data obtained from the 2013 Global Burden of Diseases Study and examined deaths,death rate,disability-adjusted life years (DALY),years lived with disability (YLD) and years of life lost (YLL) attributed to high FPG in 1990 and 2013 in China (not including Taiwan,China).An average world population age-structure for the period 2000-2025 was adopted to calculate age-standardized rates.Results In 2013,the number of deaths attributed to high FPG in China increased to 621.9 thousand from 320.3 thousand in 1990.From 1990-2013,the age-standardized death rate attributable to high FPG increased from 45.69/100 000 to 48.64/100 000.DALYs caused by high FPG increased to 20.389 1 million in 2013 from 10.648 3 million in 1990.In 2013,high FPG caused 8.751 5 million YLD and 11.637 6 million YLL,and the percentage of YLL in DALY decreased to 57.1％ in 2013 from 68.7％ in 1990.Compared with 1990,the age-standardized DALY rate attributed to high FPG increased by 10.81％.In 2013,the top three provinces with the highest burden of disease attributed to high FPG were Xinjiang,Jilin and Liaoning provinces,with standardized death rates of 83.38,74.01 and 68.64/100 000,respectively,and the standardized DALY rate was 2 217.96,2 001.84 and 1 837.79/100 000 in the three provinces,respectively.Conclusion Compared with 1990,the burden of disease attributed to high FPG in 2013 increased substantially in China,in particular the burden of attributed YLD.However,the burden of YLL attributed to high FPG has decreased modestly.The burden of disease caused by high FPG shows variation among different provinces in China.

Objective To estimate the effect of high total cholesterol (TC) on life expectancy in China.Methods Population attributable fractions (PAF) of high TC were calculated in both urban,rural areas and regions,using data related to TC levels from the chronic disease risk factor surveillance in China,2013.Together with PAFs,data related to death registry,demographics,attributable deaths from high TC and its effect on life expectancy,were estimated.Results In 2013,the TC level in Chinese population aged 25 and above appeared as (4.8± 1.0) mmol/L,higher in urban areas [(4.8±1.0) mmol/L] than that in rural areas [(4.7± 1.0) mmol/L)],with the highest in eastern regions [(4.9 ±1.0) mmol/L] and lowest in the central regions [(4.6 ± 1.0) mmol/L].TC level appeared as (4.8 ± 1.0)mmol/L in both sexes.A total of 2.9％ of all the deaths were attributed to high TC (264 998 deaths),among which 89.3％ were caused by ischemic heart disease (236 540 deaths).PAF was seen higher in females (3.7％) than that in males (2.3％),higher in urban (3.4％) than that in rural areas (2.4％),with the highest in eastern (3.7％) and lowest in western regions (2.1％).Mortality that attributed to high TC was 19.6/100 000,higher in females (21.2/100 000) than that in males (18.0/100 000),higher in urban (20.8/100 000) than that in rural areas (18.2/100 000),with the highest in eastern (23.2/100 000) and lowest in western regions (15.6/100 000).In 2013,the loss of life expectancy that caused by high TC was 0.30 year,higher in females (0.35 year) than in males (0.26 year),higher in urban (0.34 year) than that in rural areas (0.28 year),with the highest seen in the eastern (0.36 year) and lowest (0.23 year) in the western regions.Conclusion In 2013,the effect of high TC on life expectancy appeared different between genders,urban and rural areas or regions,with greater impact on females,urban and eastern areas of the country.