AIM: To observe the ameliorative effect of Puerarin Injection on blood hyperviscosity in acute blood-stasis model rats. METHODS: The acute blood-stasis model rats were made by injected adrenaline repeatedly and soaked in ice water. The markers of whole blood viscosity and plasm viscosity in the rats were measured with Auto-Viscometer. RESULTS: The whole blood viscosity and plasm viscosity was significantly raised in the acute blood-stasis model rats and Puerarin Injection had ameliorative effects on them. CONCLUSION: Puerarin Injection can ameliorate the blood-high-viscosity in rats of blood-stasis model.

Objective:To investigate the value of renal glucose threshold and related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:According to the cut-off point of normal renal glucose threshold(RT G 8.9-10 mmol/L), 107 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus hospitalized in the Endocrinology Department of our hospital were divided into three groups: high RT G group(RT G>10 mmol/L), medium RT G group(8.9 mmol/L≤RT G≤10 mmol/L), and low RT G group(RT G<8.9 mmol/L). The clinical data and biochemical characteristics of each group were collected and analyzed. Results:The proportions of patients with high, medium, and low RT G of type 2 diabetes mellitus were 56%, 29%, and 15%, respectively. There were significant differences in RT G value, age, course of disease, body mass index(BMI), fasting plasma glucose(FPG), HbA 1C, total cholesterol(TC), serum creatinine, mean blood glucose(MBG), and 24-hour urine glucose between high and medium RT G groups. RT G, gender, BMI, FPG, HbA 1C, TC, and MBG in patients with high RT G group were different from those in low RT G group. Only RT G revealed a difference between medium and low RT G groups. Correlation analysis showed that RT G was positively correlated with gender, age, BMI, HbA 1C, TC, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C). Regression analysis showed that BMI, HbA 1C, and LDL-C were the related factors affecting the RT G of patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion:There is a larger proportion of patients with high RT G in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Their BMI, HbA 1C, and LDL-C are associated with RT G in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective:To focus on the publicity of medical research in medical colleges and universities in the new era, analyze the current practices and problems, and think how to promote scientific and technological innovation in medical colleges and universities.Methods:Through case analysis and data statistics, suggestions were put forward for medical colleges and universities to further promote medical research publicity by using the example of Peking University Health Science Center.Results:Strengthening medical scientific research publicity is part of the national development strategy as well as the high-quality development of medical colleges and universities.Peking University Health Science Center does well in meeting the new development requirements and makes solid progress from the perspective of the content, topics, characters and platforms of scientific research publicity, but there is still room for improving management, popularizing fundamental research achievements and raising social impact.Conclusions:Scientific research publicity is an important aspect of scientific research management. It is suggested to promote the role of scientific research publicity in scientific research management of medical colleges and universities from the aspects of improving management mode, strengthening correct orientation, improving content quality, establishing brand thinking, and making good use of integrated communication, so as to promote the innovative and high-quality development of medical research, and better serve the national scientific and technological development and construction of Healthy China.

Objective:To investigate the preoperative endocrinological characteristics of pituitary apoplexy of infarcted type.Methods:Twenty-six patients with pituitary apoplexy of infarcted type, confirmed by pathological pathology in our hospital from January 2010 to October 2019, were chosen. All patients were performed pituitary adenoma stroke scale before surgery, and endocrine examinations were performed on three pituitary target gland axes, namely the pituitary-thyroid axis, pituitary-gonadal axis and pituitary-adrenal axis, to evaluate the pituitary function and functions of three target gland axes.Results:Preoperative pituitary adenoma stroke scale scores were (1.92±1.78), ranged from 2 to 8. Twenty-five patients (96%) were with impaired pituitary function, including 13 patients (50%) with panhypopituitarism and 12 patients (46%) with partial hypopituitarism; in these 12 patients with partial hypopituitarism, 9 patients were noted to be involved two target gland axes, and 3 patients were noted to be involved one target gland axis. There were 22 patients (85%) with hypophysia-gonadal axis hypopituitarism, 14 (54%) with hypophysia-thyroid axis hypopituitarism, and 13 (50%) with hypophysia-adrenal axis hypopituitarism. Preoperative levels of prolactin in 26 patients (100%), testosterone in 26 patients (100%), luteinizing hormone in 18 patients (75%), progestational hormone in 18 patients (75%), thyroid stimulating hormone in 18 patients (69%), free triiodothyronine in 17 patients (65%), free thyroxine in 14 patients (54%), estradiol in 13 patients (54%), cortisol in 13 patients (52%), follicle stimulating hormone in 9 patients (38%), adrenocorticotrophic hormone in 9 patients (35%), growth hormone in 3 patients (15%) were lower as compared with baseline levels.Conclusion:Hypophysia-gonadal axis hypopituitarism is most common in pituitary apoplexy of infarcted type, and the endocrinological features are the sharp decrease of prolactin and testosterone levels.

Objective:To explore the association of bone resorption marker β carboxyterminal peptide of collagen Ⅰ (β-CTX) with hypercalcemia in patients with Graves′ disease (GD).Methods:287 patients with GD who were hospitalized in the endocrinology department of Fuyang People′s Hospital from January 2021 to December 2021 were divided into control group ( n=251) and hypercalcemia group ( n=36) according to the corrected blood calcium level. The clinical data and serum β-CTX level of the two groups were compared. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of hypercalcemia in GD patients. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between serum β-CTX level and other indexes. Results:Of the 287 GD patients, 36 were diagnosed as hypercalcemia, and the incidence of hypercalcemia was 12.54%. The levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), blood phosphorus (P) and β-CTX in hypercalcemia group were higher than those in control group, and the total parathyroid hormone (iPTH) in hypercalcemia group were lower than those in control group (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that FT3 ( OR=1.283, 95% CI: 1.049-1.570, P<0.05), iPTH ( OR=0.924, 95% CI: 0.863-0.989, P<0.05), β-CTX ( OR=2.488, 95% CI: 1.193-5.189, P<0.05) were the influencing factors for hypercalcemia in GD patients. Pearson correlation analysis showed that β-CTX was positively correlated with FT3, FT4, blood calcium, P, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total procollagen type I amino end terminal peptide (PINP), N-bone-gamma-carboxyglutamic-acid-containing proteins (N-MID) and 25(OH)D, and negatively correlated with iPTH (all P<0.05). Conclusions:β-CTX is highly expressed in the serum of GD patients with hypercalcemia, which is a risk factor for the occurrence of hypercalcemia in GD patients.

Objective To analyze the disease burden caused by low body weight in children under 5 years old in China from 1990 to 2010.Methods The analysis was conducted on the low body weight related deaths, years lived with disability(YLD), years of life lost (YLL) and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) in children aged ＜5 years in China from 1990 to 2010 by using the data for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 (GBD2010).The annual low body weight related deaths, YLL, YLD and DALY from 1990 to 2010 were compared.Results Among the children aged ＜5 years, 2 271 deaths and 295 300 person-years DALY were attributable to low body weight in 2010.Compared with 1990, the number of deaths and DALY attributed to low body weight decreased by 96.75％ and 95.46％ respectively.In 2010, the YLD and YLL attributable to low body weight in the children aged ＜ 5 years were 101 500 person-years and 193 800 person-years respectively.Compared with 1990, the YLD and YLL caused by low body weight in the children aged ＜5 years declined by 444 800 and 5.76 million person-years respectively.Conclusion Compared with 1990, the death and DALY, YLD and YLL attributable to low body weight in the children aged ＜5 years significantly declined in 2010.Considering the serious impact of death to loss of life in young age group, the effects and burden of disease caused by low body weight in the children aged ＜ 5 years should not be neglected in China.

Background: With the development of endoscopic diagnosis technology, the detection rate of multiple primary gastric cancer is increasing. Aims: To explore the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the treatment of synchronous multiple primary early gastric cancer (SMPEGC). Methods: Fifteen consecutive patients with SMPEGC treated with ESD from March 2018 to December 2019 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University were collected. Clinical features and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. The risk of lymph node metastasis was evaluated according to the eCura system. Results: In 15 patients, 32 lesions were resected and 31 specimens were obtained. Thirteen patients underwent simultaneous resection of multiple primary gastric lesions, and 2 patients underwent staged resection. The operation time of ESD was (138.80±58.06) minutes, the length of hospital stay was (11.47±4.63) days, the lesion diameter was (1.30±1.15) cm, the en bloc resection rate was 100% and the curative resection rate was 71.9%. Postoperative complications occurred in 2 patients. According to the eCura system, the risk of lymph node metastasis was low in the 4 patients with non-curative resection. Three months after the operation, no local residual or recurrence was found in 10 patients. Conclusions: ESD is a feasible choice for the treatment of SMPEGC. The length of hospital stay and overall medical costs can be reduced by resection multiple lesions in one operation. For patients with risk factors of complications, one-time surgical resection should be avoided. The risk of lymph node metastasis is not the same for all the patients with non-curative resection. Maybe the eCura system can better evaluate the risk of lymph node metastasis and provide individualized treatment strategy.

Objective To analyze deaths that attributable to high fasting plasma glucose and its impact on life expectancy among Chinese residents in 2013.Methods Data from the Mortality Surveillance Programs in National Disease Surveillance Points System and the China Chronic Disease Surveillance (2013) were used.Death attributed to high fasting plasma glucose and its impact on the life expectancy of Chinese residents were estimated,based on the principle of population attributable fraction.Results In 2013,the total number of deaths attributed to high fasting plasma glucose among aged ≥25 years old was 621 thousand,with 333 thousand males and 288 thousand females.Diseases related to the number of deaths caused by high fasting plasma glucose would include ischemic heart disease (212 thousand) as the most important one.Cerebrovascular disease appeared the 2nd place,with around 181 thousand cases and then followed by diabetes (145 thousand),chronic kidney disease (52 thousand) and tuberculosis (31 thousand).After removal of the effects on high blood glucose exposure,the life expectancy of Chinese residents in 2013 would have reached 76.5 years old,an average increase of 0.7 years,compared to the average life expectancy of all deaths,with men having an increase of 0.7 years and women of 0.8 years,respectively.Conclusions High fasting plasma glucose appeared an important risk factor for mortality and life expectancy on the Chinese residents.Programs related to prevention and control of high fasting plasma glucose and related diseases should be strengthened.

Objective:To investigate the changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pancreatic cancer cells under the effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF).Methods:Murine-derived pancreatic cancer cells Panc02 were treated with PEF at electric field strengths of 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1 000 V/cm, respectively. The intracellular ROS generation patterns under the different field strengths and at different times after the PEF were investigated in vitro by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence, meanwhile exploring the apoptosis of murine and human pancreatic cancer cells under different field strengths. Twenty 6- to 8-week-old male C57BL/6 SPF mice were prepared as orthotopic pancreatic cancer models and divided into five groups of four mice each: 250 V/cm PEF group, 500 V/cm PEF group, 750 V/cm PEF group, 1 000 V/cm PEF group, and sham operation group. ROS expression in the residual tumor tissues of mice in each group was detected by immunofluorescence.Results:Under the 500 V/cm, 750 V/cm and 1 000 V/cm electric field strength, the proportion of cells with intracellular ROS expression was decreased after 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h of the PEF compared with 2 h after the PEF, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Compared with 0 V/cm PEF group, ROS expression increased in Panc02 cells treated with 500 V/cm and 750 V/cm PEF groups, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Compared with 250 V/cm PEF group under the same time, ROS in Panc02 cells treated with 500 V/cm and 750 V/cm electric field strengths increased, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The proportions of apoptosis of both Panc02 cells and MIA-PaCa-2 cells increased with rising field strength and peaked at the field strength of 750 V/cm. Compared with the sham-operated group, the expression of ROS was increased in pancreatic cancer tissues of mice in the 500 V/cm PEF-treated group (16.65±6.01 vs. 2.38±1.21, t=-6.53) and 750 V/cm PEF-treated group (16.54±4.41 vs. 2.38±1.21, t=-6.48), and the differences were statistically significant in both cases (both P<0.001). Conclusion:PEF treatment was able to increase the level of ROS in both pancreatic cancer cells and tissues, and more ROS were produced when the electric field strength was 500 and 750 V/cm.