Objective To compare the clinical effects of palpation, ultrasound and electromyography (EMG) guided injection of botuli-num toxin type A (BTX-A) on spastic equinovarus in stroke patients. Methods Stroke patients with equinovarus were randomly assigned to palpation-guided group (n=19), ultrasound-guided group (n=21) and EMG-guided group (n=19). All of the patients received injection of BTX-A 300 U in gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis posterior, guided in their own ways. They were measured with modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Physician Rating Scale (PRS), speed of gait, passive range of motion (PROM) of ankle dorsiflexion and eversion before and 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after injection. Results Compared with the baseline, all the indexes significantly improved after in-jection in all the groups (P<0.05). Compared with the EMG-guided group, the ultrasound-guided group improved significantly MAS at 4 weeks, PROM of ankle eversion at 4 and 12 weeks (P=0.046, P=0.008, P=0.038). Compared with the palpation-guided group, the ultra-sound-guided group improved significantly in MAS (P=0.015), PRS (P=0.01), PROM of ankle dorsiflexion and eversion (P=0.003, P=0.011) at 4 weeks, in MAS (P=0.002) and PROM of ankle dorsiflexion (P=0.022) at 8 weeks, in MAS (P=0.011) and PROM of ankle ever-sion (P=0.018) at 12 weeks. Compared with the palpation-guided group, the EMG-guided group improved significantly in PRS at 4weeks, PROM of ankle dorsiflexion at 4 and 8 weeks (P=0.048, P=0.08, P=0.026). There was no significantly difference in the variations with the time among 3 groups. Conclusion The correction of equinovarus in stroke patients can be obtained by BTX-A injection with any type of guidance technique. Ultrasound-guided technique is considered a valid alternative, which has a slight advantage over EMG-guided tech-nique. Both the EMG-and ultrasound-guided techniques obtained superior results to palpation-guided technique.

AIM: To observe the ameliorative effect of Puerarin Injection on blood hyperviscosity in acute blood-stasis model rats. METHODS: The acute blood-stasis model rats were made by injected adrenaline repeatedly and soaked in ice water. The markers of whole blood viscosity and plasm viscosity in the rats were measured with Auto-Viscometer. RESULTS: The whole blood viscosity and plasm viscosity was significantly raised in the acute blood-stasis model rats and Puerarin Injection had ameliorative effects on them. CONCLUSION: Puerarin Injection can ameliorate the blood-high-viscosity in rats of blood-stasis model.

Chronic non-communicable disease is a major public health problem affecting the health of residents in china. Evidence shows that, in addition to four major risk factors, i.e. unreasonable dietary, lack of physical activity, smoking and drinking, epidemic and severe outcome of chronic disease is associated with many infectious diseases. Increasingly cancers have been shown to have an infectious etiology. There is also a significantly increased risk of infectious disease such as influenza, pneumonia and other infectious disease in people with pre-existing chronic non-communicable diseases like diabetes, heart disease, and lung diseases. And more than that, there is a high risk of susceptibility to death and severe outcomes among them. Epidemiological studies has confirmed, that through targeted vaccine inoculation, liver cancer, cervical cancer can be effectively prevented, while influenza or pneumonia vaccine are related to reduced risk of hospitalization or death and hospitalization expenses regarding with a variety of chronic diseases. World Health Organization and several other professional organizations have put forward recommendations on vaccine inoculation of chronic disease patients. Programs targeting infectious factors are also an important aspect of chronic diseases prevention and control, therefore, related researches need to be strengthened in the future.
China ; Chronic Disease ; prevention & control ; Communicable Disease Control ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human ; Neoplasms ; Public Health ; Risk Factors ; Vaccination

:To investigate the effect of transient receptor potential melastatin 2 （TRPM2） inhibitor A10 on oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion （OGD/R） injury in SH-SY5Y cells．:Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were subject to OGD/R injury，and then were divided into blank control group，model control group and A10 group randomly. The cell survival rate was detected by cell counting kit 8 （CCK-8）; the level of cellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） was detected by reactive oxygen detection kit; the mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by tetramethylrhodamine （TMRM） method; the number of apoptotic cells was detected by TUNEL apoptosis assay kit; the protein expression level of cleaved caspase 3 was detected by Western blot．:Compared with 3，20，30，50， has lower cytotoxicity and better inhibition effect on channel activity. Compared with the model control group，ROS level was reduced，the mitochondrial membrane potential was improved，the number of apoptosis cells was reduced ，and the expression of cleaved caspase 3 was significantly reduced in the A10 group（all <0.05）. : A10 can alleviate cell damage after OGD/R by inhibiting TRPM2 channel function，reducing extracellular calcium influx，reducing cell ROS levels，stabilizing mitochondrial membrane potential levels，and reducing apoptosis.
Apoptosis ; Benzeneacetamides ; Cell Survival ; Glucose ; Humans ; Oxygen/metabolism* ; Piperidones ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Reperfusion ; TRPM Cation Channels