1.Genetic evidence for the onset and development of myopia
Zhuokun FENG ; Ya MA ; Zibing JIN
Chinese Journal of Experimental Ophthalmology 2023;41(9):931-938
Myopia is a common refractive eye disease, which is an ametropia in which the spherical equivalent of the eye is less than or equal to -0.50 D, or the axial length of the eye is more than 24 mm.As myopia progresses, the likelihood of ocular complications gradually increases, including retinal detachment, retinal neovascularization, macular degeneration, and other pathological changes.In recent years, the annual incidence of myopia has increased significantly and has become the second leading cause of blindness worldwide.Epidemiologic studies have shown that the distribution of myopia presents obvious ethnic differences and familial clustering characteristics, indicating that genetic factors play an important role in the onset and development of myopia.In addition, researchers have identified many pathogenic variants and candidate genes for myopia in patient samples, revealing the genetic and molecular mechanisms of myopia development.The genetic factor not only can serve as the independent factor that affects myopia development but also can interact with the environmental factor and together control the progression of myopia.This article reviewed the epidemiological research evidence on the heritability of myopia, the genetic factors of myopia development, and the interaction between genetic and environmental factors to provide new ideas for the prevention, control and treatment of myopia.
2. Unraveling the genetic cause of juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis
Renjuan SHEN ; Rong ZHOU ; Zhuokun FENG ; Xiaofang WANG ; Chong CHEN ; Zhenji CHEN ; Zibing JIN
Chinese Journal of Experimental Ophthalmology 2020;38(1):45-49
Objective:
To analyze the clinical symptoms and hereditary information of suspicious juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (JNCL) and determine the genotype in order to explore the diagnosis clues in the patients with ophthalmologic manifestations being initial symptom.
Methods:
A case-control study was performed in this study.Two families were included in Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical in 2013 and 2017, respectively.Medical histories were collected and all participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations, and the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was obtained.Fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were used to image the retinal signs, and visual electrophysiology was recorded to evaluate the visual function.Genomic DNA of 3 patients who initially visited to ophthalmologists and 5 unaffected family members were extracted.Whole exome sequencing (WES), targeted exome sequencing (TES), Sanger sequencing and comprehensive analyses of pathogenicity were performed to determine the genetic cause of the patients.This study was approved by Ethics Committee of Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (KYK-2017-7), and written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to any medical examination.
Results:
All patients presented bull eye sign and disorder of pigment on the fundus photograph, and the retinas were thinning on the OCT image, indicating the diffuse retinal pigment epithelium atrophy of macula and loss of outer layer structure of retina.Three mutations in