Objective To explore the roles of humoral immunity in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Methods The pathological changes in the SARS autopsy case and a case of lung puncture were observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy. The autoantibody and immune complexes in the sample tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining and histochemical staining. Results There were severely diffusive damages in the lungs. The endothelial cells in blood were injured. Fibrinoid necroses of blood vessels were observed in several organs and injury of immune organs and massive autoantibody and immune complexes were found in pathologically changed tissues. Electron dense deposits were observed in the basement membrane of blood vessels and mesangial matrix of glomerulus by electron microscopy. Conclusion The SARS viruses not only cause direct damages to the tissues but also lead to immune complex mediated hypersensitivity which in turn gives rise to a large number of tissue lesions. This indicates that the humoral immunity plays an important role in the process of organ damages.

AIM: To illuminate the effect of SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily b, member 1 (SMARCB1) in early diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by determining the clinical expression of SMARCB1 in HCC tissue and benign liver tissue.METHODS: The specific target gene SMARCB1 was selected from these genes by using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).SMARCB1 expression in HCC tissue and benign liver tissue was measured by immunohistochemistry.Further statistical analysis of TCGA was performed to illuminate the role of SMARCB1 on HCC occurrence and progression.RESULTS: Compared with the benign liver tissue, immunohistochemical staining showed that SMARCB1 expression was significantly up-regulated in the HCC tissue (P<0.01).In addition, SMARCB1 expression was significantly associated with advanced tumor stage (P<0.05).The relation between SMARCB1 expression at mRNA level and clinical prognosis was analyzed.The results indicated that high SMARCB1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for HCC (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: SMARCB1 may play a part as a carcinogenic gene in tumorigenesis.We can distinguish primary HCC samples from non-malignant samples according to its different clinical expression.High SMARCB1 expression probably predicts poor outcome in HCC patients.

Objective To explore the expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 in osteosarcoma and their clinical significance. Methods Fifty-eight cases of osteosarcoma encountered from 2007 to 2016 were enrolled. The expression levels of PD-1 and CTLA-4 were detected through immunohistochemistry (EnVision method). Results PD-1 was positively expressed in 31 (53.4%) cases and negatively expressed in 27 (46.6%) cases. CTLA-4 was positively expressed in 19 (32.8%) cases and negatively expressed in 39 (67.2%) cases. A total of 12 (20.7%) cases were PD-1 and CTLA-4 double positive, whereas 20 (34.5%) cases were double negative, and 26 (44.8%) cases were single positive. The positive expression of PD-1 was correlated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, tumor metastasis and relapse, and shortened survival time (P < 0.05). The positive expression of CTLA-4 was partly related with late Ennecking stage (P=0.051). Double positive expression was related to the highest tumor metastasis and relapse rates and the worst prognosis (P < 0.05), compared with double negative and single positive expression. Conclusion Positive expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 in osteosarcoma is associated with worse prognosis, whereas double positive expression is associated with the highest tumor relapse and metastasis rates and shortest survival time. These results are potential valuable references for osteosarcoma immunotherapy.

Objective:To investigate the effects of of anti tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in adjuvant treatment of strangulated intestinal obstruction combined with ischemic intestinal necrosis.Methods:From February 2011 to August 2016 in Huadu District People′s Hospital Affiliated with Southern Medical University, 122 patients with strangulated intestinal obstruction combined with ischemic intestinal necrosis were selected and were equally divided into the experimental group and control group with 61 cases in each group according to the random draw envelope principle. Conventional surgical resection and anastomosis was used in control group, the postoperative anti TNF-α therapy was given for 2 weeks based on the treatment in control group.Results:All patients completed surgery and there were no serious complications during operation.The postoperative anal exhaust time and symptom remission time in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group: (2.14 ± 0.41) d vs. (6.24 ± 1.28) d and (3.54 ± 0.77) d vs. (6.99 ± 0.91) d ( P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative 14 d complications such as anastomotic leakage, wound infection, anastomotic stenosis and pulmonary infection in the experimental group was 4.9%(3/61), and that of the control group was 18%(11/61), and the incidence of postoperative complications in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( P<0.05). The postoperative 1d and 7 d serum TNF-α content in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( P<0.05). The postoperative 14 d anal function in the experimental group was significantly better than that in the control group ( P<0.05). MRASP and MSP of postoperative 14 d in experimental group were all significantly higher than those in the control group: (80.24 ± 11.39) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs. (76.24 ± 12.11) mmHg, (231.98 ± 45.29) mmHg vs. (226.39 ± 41.87) mmHg ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The anti TNF-α in adjuvant treatment of strangulated intestinal obstruction combined with ischemic intestinal necrosis can promote the recovery of clinical symptoms and inhibit the release of TNF-α. It also can reduce the incidence of postoperative complications and improve gastrointestinal motility of patients.