It is a challenge in diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis (HLH).Rapid diagnosis is the key to make decisions in clinical management of HLH.The timely and reliable diagnosis of HLH can be assisted by laboratory tests including nature killer (NK) cell activity, sCD25, hemophagocytosis, ferritin, surface CD107a, and genetic testing.Here is introduced lab assays and evaluate the clinical applications in HLH.The aim is to raise awareness of the values of laboratory evaluations in diagnosing HLH.

Cryptococcus neoformans is an important conditional pathogenic fungus; the capsular polysaccharide surrounding its outer wall is the first identified major toxic factor of Cryptococcus neoformans. This review summarizes the progress in the research of capsule characteristics and dynamics of Cryptococcus neoformans, including the structural changes, tissue constitution, development and growth, etc, hoping to provide a basis and new ideas for studying Cryptococcus neoformans related diseases.

Cryptococcus neoformans is an important conditional pathogenic fungus;the capsular polysaccharide surrounding its outer wall is the first identified major toxic factor of Cryptococcus neoformans.This review summarizes the progress in the research of capsule characteristics and dynamics of Cryptococcus neoformans,including the structural changes,tissue constitution,development and growth,etc,hoping to provide a basis and new ideas for studying Cryptococcus neoformans related diseases.

0.75).Conclusions The method of single-slice and multi-slice TSE sequence in T_2 measurement is feasible.For bone marrow and extremely long T_2 tissue(for instance,cerebrospinal fluid),however,there may be considerable discrepancy on T_2 values obtained by TSE sequence.

Objective: To compare the prognosis induced by conventional surgery and chemotherapy and radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with great vessel invasion in chest. Methods: Clinical data from 102 NSCLC patients with great vessel invasion in chest, treated from 2000 to 2002 in our hospital, were reviewed retrospectively. There were 55 patients who received surgical resection and 47 patients who received chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The multiple factors affecting the survival rate and prognosis of patients were analyzed and compared. Results: The median survival time (MST) was 13 months and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rate was 58.18%, 10.91%, and 3.9% for 55 patients who received surgical treatment. The MST was 16 months and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rate was 65.96%, 22.46%, and 4.29%, respectively, for 47 patients who received non surgical management. There was no significant difference in survival rate between surgical and non surgical management (P > 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that clinical staging, PS score, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy were related with prognosis. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that clinical staging, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy served as independent survival factors (P < 0.05). Conclusions: There was no statistical difference in the survival rate of NSCLC patients at T4 stage with heart and great vessel invasion who received conventional surgery and chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Correct patient selection and skilled surgical technique assured complete tumor resection and increased the survival rate. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy helped to prolong the post-operative survival time of patients.

Objective To investigate the circulatory levels of hormones and cytokines in the patients with the chronic heart failure(CHF)and the effect of naftopidil.Methods The levels of tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?),interleukin-1(IL-1),interleukin-6(IL-6),endothelin-1(ET-1),adrenomedullin(Adm),neuropeptide Y(NPY),calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP),atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP),brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)and C-type natriuretic peptide(CNP),and left ventricular fraction(LVEF)of 47 patients with CHF(CHF group)and 24 healthy subjects(control group)were measured by radioimmunoassay or echocardiography respectively.The patients were randomized to receive naftopidil(50mg Bid)in addition to routine therapy(B group,n=23)or routine therapy only(A group,n=24)for one-month.Results (1)The levels of TNF-?,IL-1,IL-6,ET-1,Adm,NPY,ANP,BNP and CNP of the CHF group were higher(P 0.05)in the levels of IL-1,IL-6,Adm,CNP and LVEF.(4)There were significantly inverse correlations between LVEF and TNF-?,ET-1,IL-6 or BNP(P

This article expounds the existing situations in which the multimedia courseware has been applied widely in the institutions of higher learning,and emphasizes the importance and necessity of establishing and improving the assessment system of multimedia courseware.It forwards the principles of establishing the assessment criterion to be scientific,educative,technical,artistic and assistant,and furthermore lists measures to prepare and operate courseware,proposals to assess the teaching effectiveness.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of trolamine cream in the prevention and treatment of acute radioactive dermatitis in patients with breast cancer after modified radical mastectomy.Methods 80 breast cancer patients who received postmastectomy chest-wall irradiation by 6-MeV electron beam were included.40 cases in the treatment group were given trolamine cream combined with the conventional nursing care during radiotherapy,while another 40 cases in the control group were treated with the conventional nursing care.Results In the treatment group,the rates of radiation dermatitis of grade 1,2 and 3 were 70.0 ％ (28/40),22.5 ％(9/40),and 7.5 ％ (3/40),respectively,while they were 52.5 ％ (21/40),32.5 ％ (13/40) and 15.0 ％ (6/40),respectively,in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Grade 1,2 and 3 radiation dermatitis appeared in treatment group when the radiation doses were (21.91±4.39) Gy,(37.43±6.50) Gy and (46.14±6.50)Gy,respectively,while in the control group,it was (12.67±2.16) Gy,(22.61±3.51) Gy,(42.71±8.11) Gy (P ＜ 0.05),respectively.With cumulative doses of 10 Gy and 25 Gy,the rates of radiation dermatitis in the treatment group were 22.5 ％ (9/40) and 47.5 ％ (19/40),respectively,while they were 40.0 ％ (16/40) and 62.5 ％ (25/40),respectively,in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Trolamine cream effectively alleviates radiation skin damage in breast cancer patients after modified mastectomy,thus it is suitable for use in patients with postoperative chest wall radiotherapy.

Objective To study the CT features and clinical value of cerebral ischemia infarction. Methods the CT feature of 106 diabetes ischemia infarction were analyzed. Results The patients with is-chemia brain white matter change (35 cases),small area cerebral ischemia infarction (85 cases),great area cerebral ischemia infarction ( 12 cases ),cerebral hemorrhage (6 cases). Conclusions Cerebral ischemia infarction of diabetes mellitus mainly as small area multiple cerebral ischemia infarction,ischemia cerebral white matter lesion located at the area of base ganglion thalamencephalon and cerebellum,termly CT cerebral examination can diagnosis and instruct treatment to the complication of cerebral ischemia apoplexy of type 2 diabetes mellitus.