Objective To evaluate the value of material decomposition imaging of spectrum CT in overcoming renal cyst pseudoenhaneement.Methods Totally 80 patients with renal cysts (total 75 cysts) who underwent CT imaging with GSI mode were collected.The renal cysts were divided into 3 groups according to diameters,group A (diameters 0.5-＜1.5 cm,n=25),B (1.5-＜2.5 cm,n=25) and C (2.5-＜3.5 cm,n=25) respectively.The iodine-water density imaging was reconstructed by using the GSI Viewer analysis software.The CT value and iodine-water concentration of the cysts were recorded.The difference of CT value,iodine-water concentration in unenhanced and enhanced dual phases in each group was compared.Results The difference of CT value between plain scan and parenchyma phase among the 3 groups had statistically significant difference (F=204.128,P＜0.001),and the differences comparing any two were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).The postcontrast attenuation increased more than 10 HU in group A and B,indicating renal cyst pseudoenhancement,and less than 10 HU in group C,which had no pseudoenhancement.There were statistical difference in iodine concentration of the cysts of the 3 groups in unenhance,cortical and parenchyma phases (all P＜0.001),but the difference value in unenhance,cortical and parenchyma phases were less than 10 (100 μg/cm3),and the difference value of the 3 group was group A＞group B＞group C (all P＜0.05).The water concentration of the cysts in group A descend in renal cortical and parenchyma phase with statistical difference (P＜0.001),but the difference value was less than 10 mg/cms.Conclusion The measurements of iodine-water concentration appear to drift as well,the smaller the greater,The degree of the iodine concentration shifting is more obvious than water concentration.

OBJECTIVETo investigate subtype and genetic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1).

METHODSDNA sequences were amplified by nested-PCR from uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from 100 HIV-1 patients from Guangdong Province. The C2 to V3 region of the envelope glycoprotein gp120 of HIV-1 was sequenced directly. The analysis of the gene-based phylogenetic tree and variation of amino acid were carried out by using Wisconsin software package or genetics computer group (GCG).

RESULTSDNA fragments were amplified from 75 PBMC samples by using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequence analysis showed that there were 3 HIV-1 subtypes or circulating recombinant forms (CRF): CRF01-AE (n = 44), CRF-BC (n = 27) and B' (n = 4).

CONCLUSIONSThree HIV-1 subtypes or circulating recombinant forms: CRF01-AE, CRF-BC and B' might be circulating in Guangdong Province. Findings from this study suggested that several subtypes might exist in Guangdong Province and the epidemic situation of AIDS be serious. It should be a challenge for Guangdong Province in treating patients, preventing and controlling AIDS in the future.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; blood ; epidemiology ; virology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Base Sequence ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA, Viral ; Female ; HIV-1 ; classification ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Protein Isoforms

OBJECTIVETo characterize CRF01_AE strains of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) found in the Second National Molecular Epidemiology Study on HIV in China and to analyze its sequence variation in the env V3-C3 region during the First National Molecular Epidemiology Study (NMES1, 1996 - 1998) to the Second National Molecular Epidemiology Study (NMES2, 2001 - 2002).

METHODSDNA was extracted from peripheal blood mononuclear cells of the subjects with HIV infection. The env C2-V4 region of HIV-1 was amplified with nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR). PCR products were directly sequenced using ABI 377 DNA sequencer, then the gene-based phylogenetic tree was constructed and its variation of amino acids was analyzed with GCG software.

RESULTSTotally, 169 strains of recombinant HIV-1 CRF01_AE were identified from blood samples collected from different high risk groups in 17 of 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions all over China by the end of 2002. Although sexual transmission still dominated during NMES1 (62.2%, 23/37) and NMES2 (55.3%, 73/132), prevalence of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in intravenous drug users (IDUs) increased to 41.6% (57/137) during NMES2 from 27% (10/37) during NMES1. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains prevalent in IDUs during NMES2 did not cluster with those prevalent in the subjects infected by sexual transmission during NMES2 and those in IDUs during NMES1. The amino acid residues of V3 region of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in IDUs were relatively conservative, but the sixth, eighth, ninth, tenth, twelfth, fifteenth, sixteenth amino acid residues of C3 region displayed regular changes.

CONCLUSIONSHIV-1 CRF01_AE strain has been introduced into inland provinces from southeastern coast areas and southwestern border areas, with an increasing prevalence in IDUs. The sequence of env V3-C3 region of recombinant HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains prevalent in IDUs during NMES2 was obviously different from that during NMES1, suggesting that HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains prevalent in IDUs during NMES2 might come from a new source and have a potential to spread.

Amino Acid Sequence ; China ; epidemiology ; Genes, env ; genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Viral ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; genetics ; virology ; HIV-1 ; classification ; genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; virology

Cholelithiasis is a kind of common and multiple diseases.In recent years,traditional laparotomy has been challenged by a minimally invasive surgery.Through literature review,the therapeutic method,effect,and complications of minimally invasive treatment of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones by combining our practical experience were summarized as follows.(1) For intrahepatic bile duct stones,the operation may be selected by laparoscopic liver resection,laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE),or percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy.(2) For concomitant gallstones and common bile duct stones,the surgical approach can be selected as follows:laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) combined with endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) or endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation,LC plus laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration,LC plus LCBDE,and T-tube drainage or primary suture.(3) For concomitant intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones,laparoscopic liver resection,choledochoscopy through the hepatic duct orifice on the hepatectomy cross section,LCBDE,EST,and percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic lithotripsy could be used.According to the abovementioned principle,the minimally invasive treatment approach combined with the surgical technique and equipment condition will be significant in improving the therapeutic effect and avoiding the postoperative complications or hidden dangers of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones.

Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Benzylisoquinolines ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; SARS Virus ; drug effects ; Vero Cells

Objective:The purpose of this study was to explore the critical values of monitored indexes of perioperative major adverse cardiac events(MACE), so as to take effective prevention and treatment measures in time to maintain the stability of perioperative cardiac function to further improve the perioperative safety of elderly patients with biliary diseases.Methods:The clinical data of 246 elderly patients with biliary diseases in our hospital from May 2016 to February 2022 were collected.According to whether MACE occurred during the perioperative period, they were divided into the MACE group and the non-MACE group.The differences of clinical data, the monitoring indexes of postoperative cardiac function, and the coagulation function between the two groups were compared and analyzed.Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of perioperative MACE, the cut-off value of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was calculated, and the Logistic multivariate prediction model was established.Results:In the MACE compared with the non-MACE group, age, postoperative complications and mortality, postoperative hospital stay, and the levels of postoperative high sensitivity troponin-I(Hs-TnI), creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB), myoglobin(MYO), B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP), and D-dimer(D-D)were significantly increased(all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression showed that postoperative BNP and D-D were two independent risk factors for perioperative MACE, and their cut-off values in the ROC curve were 382.65 pg/mL and 0.975mg/L respectively.The Logistic multivariate prediction model established by the Logistic regression equation was P= ex/(1+ ex), X=-5.710+ 0.003X 1+ 0.811X 2, where X 1 was the postoperative BNP level and X 2 was the postoperative D-D level.The accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of this prediction model for predicting perioperative MACE were 96.3%(237/246), 100.0%(235/235), and 18.2%(2/11). Conclusions:The Logistic multivariate prediction model established in this study can effectively predict the occurrence of perioperative MACE in elderly patients.Postoperative BNP and D-D were two independent risk factors for perioperative MACE.The cut-off values of BNP and D-D in the ROC curve could be used as critical values for monitoring perioperative MACE.Therefore, it is of great clinical significance to take effective prevention and treatment measures in time to maintain the stability of perioperative cardiac function, and further improve the perioperative safety of elderly patients with biliary diseases.

Aged ; Biliary Tract Diseases ; surgery ; China ; Humans