BACKGROUNDAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common mental and behavioral disorder in school-aged children. This study evaluated the effect of osmotic-release oral system (OROS) methylphenidate (MPH) on cognitive function and academic performance of Chinese school-aged children with ADHD.

METHODSThis 12-week, prospective, multicenter, open-label, self-controlled study enrolled 153 Chinese school-aged children with ADHD and 41 non-ADHD children. Children with ADHD were treated with once-daily OROS-MPH (18 mg, 36 mg, or 54 mg). The primary endpoints were Inattention/Overactivity (I/O) with Aggression Conners Behavior Rating Scale (IOWA) and Digit Span Test at week 12 compared with baseline. Secondary endpoints included opposition/defiant (O/D) subscale of IOWA, Clinical Global Impression (CGI), Coding Test, Stroop Color-word Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), academic performance on teacher-rated school examinations, and safety at week 12 compared with baseline. Both non-ADHD and ADHD children received the same frequency of cognitive operational test to avoid the possible bias caused by training.

RESULTSA total of 128 patients were evaluated with cognitive assessments. The OROS-MPH treatment significantly improved IOWA Conners I/O subscale scores at week 12 (3.8 ± 2.3) versus baseline (10.0 ± 2.4; P < 0.0001). Digit Span Test scores improved significantly (P < 0.0001) with a high remission rate (81.1%) at week 12 versus baseline. A significant (P < 0.0001) improvement was observed in O/D subscale of IOWA, CGI, Coding Test, Stroop Color-word Test, WCST, and academic performance at week 12 versus baseline. Very few practice-related improvements were noticed in the non-ADHD group at week 12 compared with baseline. No serious adverse events and deaths were reported during the study.

CONCLUSIONSThe OROS-MPH treatment effectively controlled symptoms of ADHD and significantly improved academic performance and cognitive function of Chinese school-aged children with ADHD. The treatment was found to be safe and generally well-tolerated over 12 weeks.

TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01933880; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01933880?term=CONCERTAATT4099&rank=1.

Administration, Oral ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Child ; Cognition ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methylphenidate ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVEIn order to investigate Hantavirus (HV) infection of captured rodents and to understand the genotypes and the molecular characteristic of Hantaviruses in Shenzhen.

METHODSThe captured rodents were classified and the density of distribution was calculated. A total of 472 animals were captured, among which Rattus norvegicus was the dominant group. The total viral RNA was extracted from the lung tissues positive with HV antigens by immunofluorescent assay and gene sequence of M fragment was amplified with RT-nested-PCR by using the Hantavirus genotype specific primers. The amplified genes were then sequenced, and subjected to genotyping and homology analysis.

RESULTSThe results of genotype analysis showed that the Hantaviruses taken from twenty-one lung specimens in Rattus norvegicus in Shenzhen city belonged to the Hantavirus type II (SEOV). Results in homology analysis suggested that the homology among twenty-one samples should be rather high with 95.4% of nucleotide sequence identity and they belonged to the same subtype. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that they were branched into at least six different lineages, and were highly homologized with SZ2083. We also found that these virus strains had not shown more highly homology of nucleotide sequence in nearest district, whereas revealed consistency in farther district.

CONCLUSIONThe major hosts of Hantaviruses in Shenzhen city were Rattus norvegicus and the epidemic strains were genotyped as SEO-type. Nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence from different rodents were highly homologous, while nucleotide mutation had also been observed. Further studies are required to explore the possible viruses' sequence mutation.

Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA Primers ; DNA, Viral ; Genotype ; Hantavirus ; classification ; genetics ; Hantavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; veterinary ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Viral ; Rats ; Rodent Diseases ; epidemiology ; virology ; Sequence Homology

OBJECTIVEFor clarifying the situation of the natural infection of rodents having hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) virus and to type Hantavirus (HV) using molecular technique in Shenzhen city in 2005, and offering guidance for prevention and control of HFRS.

METHODSData on the host animals was collected from the city of Shenzhen. ELISA and indirect immunofluorscent antibody(IFA) test were applied to the specific antibodies against HV in the sera of captured rats. Direct immunofluorscece assay was adopted to determine HFRS antigens and the lung tissues of the HV infected rats were inoculated into Meriones unguiculata to isolate HV. The whole viral RNA was extracted from the lung tissues of the HV infected rats and amplified the partial M fragments with RT-nested-PCR, using the HV genotype specific primers. The amplified genes were then sequenced, and subjected to genotyping and homology analysis.

RESULTS472 rodents were captured from Shenzhen in 2005. Surveillance on rats demonstrated 9.96% rats carrying HV (with a density of 8.25%) and the main host was Rattus norvegicus. In the blood samples of rats, anti-HV IgG antibodies were detectable in 56 cases by IFA, and proved to be positive in 76 cases by ELISA. We successfully isolated a HV strain designated as SZ2083 from Rattus norvegicus for the first time in Shenzhen and was identified to SEO type by RT-nested-PCR. Compared with the coding region of the M gene of HV L99 virus strain, the homologies of nucleotide among them were 97%, but the homology was 76% of the SZ2083 with HTN 76-118 virus strain.

CONCLUSIONResults showed the existence of natural epidemic areas of HFRS in Shenzhen city. Based on the results of sequencing, it is possible that the Seoul strain of HV might be the predominant serotype of virus harbored.

Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Cities ; Data Collection ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Genotype ; Hantavirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Hantavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; veterinary ; Rats ; virology ; Rodentia ; virology

Objective:To investigate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the safety of laparoscopic D 2 radical resection and prognosis of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Methods:The propensity score matching and retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 351 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who underwent laparos-copic D 2 radical resection in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from December 2016 to December 2021 were collected. There were 256 males and 95 females, aged (58±9)years. Of the 351 patients, 124 cases undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy were divided into the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, 227 patients undergoing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy were divided into the adjuvant chemotherapy group. Observation indicators: (1) propensity score matching and comparison of general data of patients between the two groups after matching; (2) effect evaluation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy; (3) intraoperative and postoperative situations; (4) postoperative histopathological examinations; (5) follow-up. Propensity score matching was done by the 1∶1 nearest neighbor matching method. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measure-ment data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range) or M( Q1, Q3), and comparison between groups was conducted using the rank sum test. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves, and the Log-Rank test was used for survival analysis. Results:(1) Propensity score matching conditions and comparison of general data of patients between the two groups of patients after matching. Of 351 patients, 154 cases were successfully matched, including 77 cases in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group and 77 cases in the adjuvant chemotherapy group. The elimination of gender, age, preoperative body mass index, clinical T staging and clinical N staging confounding bias ensured comparability between the two groups after propensity score matching. (2) Effect evaluation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Of the 77 patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, none of patient achieved complete response, 26 patients achieved partial response, 46 patients showed stable disease, 5 patients had progression of disease, showing the objective response rate as 33.8%(26/77) and the disease control rate as 93.5%(72/77). There were 15 males and 11 females sensitive to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, while 46 males and 5 females not sensitive, showing a significant difference between them ( χ2=11.05, P<0.05). (3) Intra-operative and postoperative situations. The operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, cases with intraoperative blood transfusion, time to postoperative first flatus, time to postoperative first liquid food intake, duration of postoperative hospital stay, cases with postoperative immediate complications, cost of hospital stay were (308±71)minutes, 100(range, 20?600)mL, 5, 3.0(range, 2.0?10.0)days, 4.0(range, 2.0?12.0)days, 9.0(range, 4.0?31.0)days, 7, 7.96(7.37,8.58) ten thousand yuan in patients of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, versus (296±67)minutes, 100(range, 20?500)mL, 4, 3.5(range, 1.0?14.0)days, 4.0(range, 2.0?15.0)days, 8.0(range, 5.0?45.0)days, 11, 8.18(7.52,9.19) ten thousand yuan in patients of the adjuvant chemotherapy group, showing no signifi-cant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( t=1.13, Z=?0.37, χ2=0.12, Z=?1.26, ?0.33, ?0.70, χ2=1.01, Z=?1.04, P>0.05). (4) Postoperative histopathological examinations. Results of postoperative histopatho-logical examinations showed that all 154 patients achieving R 0 resection. Cases with pathological T staging as stage T1, stage T2, stage T3, stage T4, cases with pathological N staging as stage N0, stage N1, stage N2, stage N3, number of positive lymph nodes, cases with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (negative, positive) were 3, 7, 5, 62, 27, 19, 19, 12, 1(range, 0?28), 59, 18 in patients of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, versus 0, 0, 2, 75, 17, 15, 21, 24, 3(range, 0?31), 44, 33 in patients of the adjuvant chemotherapy group, showing significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups ( Z=?3.39, ?2.55, ?3.12, χ2=6.60, P<0.05). (5) Follow-up. Of the 154 patients, 143 patients were followed up for 37(range, 5?69)months. The 3-year overall survival rate and 3-year disease-free survival rate was 72.1% and 70.0%, respectively, in patients of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, versus 74.8% and 76.6% in patients of the adjuvant chemo-therapy group, showing no significant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( χ2=0.14, 0.60, P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared to postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy does not bring additional surgical risks, but can reduce the tumor stage of patients who underwent laparoscopic D 2 radical resection for locally advanced gastric cancer. However, it does not show any advantage in improving survival of patients.

Objective: To evaluate the short-term clinical efficacy and adverse events of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in the treatment of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: From January to December 2016, 58 patients (47 male and 11 female) with unresectable locally advanced NSCLC received concurrent or sequential chemoradiotherapy. The radiation dose was ranged from 38 Gy to 66 Gy. The radiation dose was equal or higher than 56 Gy in 53 patients (92%). The median radiotherapy fraction was 30, 1.8 Gy to 3.0 Gy for each fraction. Twenty-eight patients (48%) received concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Results: The median follow-up time was 9 months. The 1-year overall survival (OS) rate was 84% and the 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 48%.Eleven patients (19%) suffered from symptomatic radiation pneumonitis and one of them died of radiation pneumonitis. Within 6 months after radiotherapy, 31 patients (53%) developed asymptomatic local pulmonary fibrosis on CT images. Seventeen patients (29%) suffered from grade Ⅱ esophagitis. Ten cases (17%) had ≥ grade Ⅲ adverse events and 9 of them presented with leucopenia. Conclusions VMAT yields high short-term clinical efficacy and tolerable adverse events in the treatment of locally advanced NSCLC, which does not increase the risk of pneumonitis.

Aim Human TMPRSS2 is a transmembrane serine protease.In this paper, the structure and func¬tion of the protein were systematically analyzed by bioinformatics, the codon was optimized and the pro- karvotie expression vector was constructed to explore the molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infecting host cells.Methods The recombinant expression vector pET-22b-TMPRSS2 was generated by molecular clo¬ning technology.The homology, functional sites, sub¬cellular localization, three-dimensional structure and evolutionary characteristics of TMPRSS2 protein were systematically analyzed by using analytical tools such as Protparam, NetPhos3.1, Blast, Clustal X2 and MEGA7.0.Results The prokarvotic expression plas- mid was constructed correctly; TMPRSS2 belongs to medium molecular weight protein, which is composed of 492 amino acid residues.The theoretical isoelectric point is 8.12, the molecular extinction coefficient is 118 145 L • mol~1 • cm"1 , and the half-life is 30 h; TMPRSS2 has 15 potential glycosylation sites and 49 possible phosphorylation sites.It is a transmembrane hydrophilie protein without signal sequenee.In addi¬tion, the protein has 13 potential B-cell epitopes and 7 T-eell epitopes.Seeondarv structure analysis showed that random coil accounted for the highest proportion of TMPRSS2 protein ( 0.453 3) , followed by extended strand (0.252 0).Sequence comparison and evolu¬tionary analysis showed that the highest sequence con¬sistency and closest genetic relationship with human TMPRSS2 was Pan troglodytes, followed by gorilla.Conclusions Human-derived TMPRSS2 protein is ev- olutionarilv conserved and functionally important.Hie results of this study can help to reveal the structure and mechanism of action of TMPRSS2 protein, provide ide¬as for the diagnosis and treatment of COYID-19, and accelerate the research and development process of new drugs targeting TMPRSS2 protein.

Two new neolignans and one new lignan (1-3) were obtained from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora. Their structures were unambiguously elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and the calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compound 1 was a racemic mixture and successfully resolved into the anticipated enantiomers via chiral-phase HPLC. Compound 3 demonstrated moderate inhibitory activity against human carboxylesterase 2A1 (hCES2A1) with an IC₅₀ value of 7.28 ± 0.94 μmol·^-1.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Humans ; Lignans/chemistry* ; Paeonia ; Plant Roots/chemistry* ; Stereoisomerism

BACKGROUND: Perioperative treatment has become an increasingly important aspect of the management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Small-scale clinical studies performed in recent years have shown improvements in the major pathological remission rate after neoadjuvant therapy, suggesting that it will soon become an important part of NSCLC treatment. Nevertheless, neoadjuvant immunotherapy may be accompanied by serious adverse reactions that lead to delay or cancelation of surgery, additional illness, and even death, and have therefore attracted much attention. The purpose of the clinical recommendations is to form a diagnosis and treatment plan suitable for the current domestic medical situation for the immune-related adverse event (irAE). METHODS: This recommendation is composed of experts in thoracic surgery, oncologists, thoracic medicine and irAE related departments (gastroenterology, respirology, cardiology, infectious medicine, hematology, endocrinology, rheumatology, neurology, dermatology, emergency section) to jointly complete the formulation. Experts make full reference to the irAE guidelines, large-scale clinical research data published by thoracic surgery, and the clinical experience of domestic doctors and publicly published cases, and repeated discussions in multiple disciplines to form this recommendation for perioperative irAE. RESULTS: This clinical recommendation covers the whole process of prevention, evaluation, examination, treatment and monitoring related to irAE, so as to guide the clinical work comprehensively and effectively. CONCLUSIONS Perioperative irAE management is an important part of immune perioperative treatment of lung cancer. With the continuous development of immune perioperative treatment, more research is needed in the future to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of perioperative irAE.