Objective To scientifically measure the workload of basic public health services project on village level .Methods 257 village doctors and 24 public health administrators that work in rural health clinics in Qianjiang city ,Hubei province and Qianjiang distrcit ,Chongqing city were sampled ,with questionnaire survey and key informant in-depth interview methods used to screen basic public health service projects affordable on village level ,for workload measurement .Results 35 basic public health service projects were chosen as the measurement projects regarding their relative workload. Hypertension follow-up workload 100 was set as the benchmark ,finding the rest relative workload of other projects range from11～936 .Conclusions It is reasonable to use the relative value measurement based on RBRVS theory on village level basic public health service projects. Results of this study can offer support for the pricing and further dynamic modification of the basic public health service projects .

Objective To understand the respiratory protection competency of staff in hospitals.Methods Staff from six hospitals of different levels and characteristics in Beijing were selected,including doctors,nurses,medical technicians,and servicers,to conduct knowledge assessment on respiratory protection competency.According to exposure risks of respiratory infectious diseases,based on actual cases and daily work scenarios,content of respira-tory protection competency assessment was designed from three aspects:identification of respiratory infectious di-seases,transmission routes and corresponding protection requirements,as well as correct selection and use of masks.The assessment included 6,6,and 8 knowledge points respectively,with 20 knowledge points in total,all of which were choice questions.For multiple-choice questions,full marks,partial marks,and no mark were given respective-ly if all options were correct,partial options were correct and without incorrect options,and partial options were correct but with incorrect options.Difficulty and discrimination analyses on question of each knowledge point was conducted based on classical test theory.Results The respiratory protection competency knowledge assessment for 326 staff members at different risk levels in 6 hospitals showed that concerning the 20 knowledge points,more than 60％participants got full marks for 6 points,while the proportion of full marks for other questions was relatively low.Less than 10％participants got full marks for the following 5 knowledge points:types of airborne diseases,types of droplet-borne diseases,conventional measures for the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infec-tion with respiratory infectious diseases,indications for wearing respirators,and indications for wearing medical protective masks.Among the 20 knowledge questions,5,1,and 14 questions were relatively easy,medium,and difficult,respectively;6,1,4,and 9 questions were with discrimination levels of ≥0.4,0.30-0.39,0.20-0.29,and ≤0.19,respectively.Conclusion There is still much room for hospital staff to improve their respiratory protection competency,especially in the recognition of diseases with different transmission routes and the indications for wearing different types of masks.

Objective: To set up a callus induction system for Amomum villosum by tissue culture. Method: The rhizome buds of A. villosum and stem segments,root tip segments of sterile A. villosum plantles were used as explants and cultured in MS media with different concentrations of 6-BA,NAA and 2,4-D (the pH of each medi is about 5.8). A callus induction system was established to explore the effect of different explants and different medium on callus induction for A. villosum. Result:The findings showed that the rhizome buds and sterile plantlet stems and root tip segments of three different explants can be successfully induced into calli. The most suitable medium for callus induction from rhizome buds and sterile plantlet stems was MS with 6-BA (1.5 mg·L^-1),2,4-D (1.0 mg·L^-1) and NAA (0.5 mg·L^-1) with the highest induction rates of 15% and 60% respectively. MS medium combined with 6-BA (2.0 mg·L^-1),2,4-D (1.0 mg·L^-1) and NAA (1.0 mg·L^-1) was the most suitable proposal for inducing the callus from sterile root tip segments with the highest induction rate of 76%. Conclusion:Under certain culture conditions,rhizome buds,stem or root tip segments of sterile plantlet can be effectively induced into callus. The callus induction system of A. villosum is preliminarily established, and root tip segments of sterile plantlet are the optimal explant.

Objective::To study the forming process of the gynandrium-like in Amomum villosum. Method::The flowerets were divided into 8 growth periods from 0.5 cm in length to the day after flowering. Fresh sample were anatomized, and paraffin sectioning was performed on the flowerets. The height of anther chamber, the pollen sac angles, the width of anther gap, the diameter of style, the filament-labellum angle (α), and the filament-anther angle (β) were determined. Result::The angle of the pollen sac had no obvious change before flowering, but decreased from 32° to 17° after flowering. The width of anther gap increased to 0.29 mm in the 5^th growth period, while the diameter of style was 0.32 mm in the same period, the ratio of them was 92%. Compared with the day before flowering, the angle α decreased from 83° to 42° during flowering, and the angle β decreased from 186° to 147°. In the filament, the abaxial side had 1 to 5 layers of cells more than the adaxial side. In the style, it was found that the adaxial side had 1 to 6 layers of cells more than the abaxial side. Conclusion::The asymmetry of the cell structure at abaxial and adaxial sides of the filament and style is the basis of the movement. In the 5^th growth period, the width of anther gap increased almost to the size of style, so the style was able to slide in. When blossoming, the pollen sacs quickly squeezed to the gap in middle, and the entrance for style to access was blocked. Therefore, the style had to remain in the gap of the pollen sacs. Meanwhile, angles α and β drastically decreased, resulting in the stamen sandwiched the pistil and bending together toward the labellum. The gynandrium-like structure was formed.