AIM: To investigative the inhibitory effects of Paecilomyces cicadae polysaccharide (PcPS) against HBV in vitro, and the effects on the Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA expression in HepG2.2.15 cell strain. METHODS: HepG2.2.15 cell strain was co-cultured in vitro with PcPS in different concentrations, and lamivudine (LMV) was applied as positive control. MTT assay was employed to detect the cytotoxicities of PcPS in vitro, when the HepG2.2.15 cells was used as target cells. The effects of PcPS on the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg were assayed by ELISA method. Fluorescence quantitative-PCR (FQ-PCR) was used to detect the inhibitory effects of PcPS on the content of HBV-DNA and TLR4 mRNA in HepG2.2.15 cells. RESULTS: The inhibitory effects of PcPS on the HBsAg and HBeAg were observed and the maximum inhibitory ratio up to 44.8% and 31.0%, respectively. The same inhibitory effects of PcPS on the HBV-DNA replication and TLR4 mRNA expression in HepG2.2.15 cells were also found. CONCLUSION: A certain concentration of PcPS significantly inhibits HBV replication in vitro.

Objective:To discuss the therapy for ureteral endometriosis.Methods:The clinical data of 25 cases of histopathologically confirmed ureteral endometriosis during 2001 -2015 were retrospectively analyxed.Results:In the 25 cases,all the patients took urinary ultrasound for examination before sur-gery,of whom 21 (84%)were examined by CT and 5 (20%)by MRI.Three (12%)cases underwent preoperative KUB and intravenous pyelogram (IVP)examination.Four (16%)cases were examined by retrograde pyelography before surgery.Eight (32%)of them took cystoscope for examination and 11 (44%)took preoperative radionuclide renal dynamic imaging examination.All of these cases were affec-ted with unilateral ureter,13 (52%)in the right and 12 (48%)in the left.The ureter lesions were at the upper part in 21 (84%)cases and at the middle part in 4 (16%)cases.In these cases,11 (44%) received partial ureteral resection and end-to-end ureteral anastomosis,10 (40%)received partial ure-teral resection and ureterocystoneostomy,3 (12%)received retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterec-tomy,and 1 (4%)received endoscopic resection of ureteral endometriosis lesion.All of these cases were confirmed with ureteral endometriosis by post-surgery pathology results,with the expression of CA125 and ER in the glandular tissue and expression of PR in the mesenchymal tissue inside the ureteral muscle de-tected by immunohistochemistry.Four (16%)cases took postoperative adjuvant hormonal therapy.And no recurrence was found among 16 (64%)cases with the successful follow-up which ranged from 3 to 76 months and the median follow up was 28 months.Fifteen cases were submitted to the follow-up by urinary ultrasound (93.8%)and 5 (31.3%)underwent CT for examination.All the cases relieved from hydro-nephrosis,and symptoms of 10 (63.5 )cases disappeared.The cases with double-J stent all had the stent removed within 3 to 6 weeks.Conclusion:Surgical procedures should be considered as the main therapy for ureteral endometriosis.We recommend ureterolysis for patients with mild ureteral obstruction and hydronephrosis.As for those with moderate and severe ureteral obstruction and hydronephrosis,we recommend partial ureteral resection.When the situation comes to patients with little renal function of the affected side,the recommended management is nephroureterectomy.

Objective To explore the effects of application of laparoscopic simulators in teaching of plastic surgery. Methods 10 plastic surgeons and 20 standardized training surgical residents with 2 to 4 years' experience were tested about their proficiency in moving beans, pinching, suturing and tying by timing and counting. After they were trained with laparoscopic simulators 3, 6, 9 times with each time for 90 min, tests were taken. SPSS 19.0 was used to make single factor variance analysis of the related data or conduct q test. Result There was significant difference before and after the residents' training of moving beans, pinching, suturing and tying (P<0.05). Less time to finish the operation was needed after training, but after training for 6 times or 9 times, there was no significant difference in operation time (P >0.05). Conclusion Application of laparoscopic simulator training can significantly improve the operation skills of the novices with some clinical experience in the short term, which is conducive to the endoscope assisted breast augmentation surgery, and is worthy of promotion.

Objective To study the relation between the HPV6/18 virus infection and the development of pathological changes of cervix. Methods The number of HPV16/18 DNA copies and the expression rate of HPV16/18 E7 mRNA in the pathological cervix were examined by the quantitative fluorescent PCR combined with pathological diagnosis and immunohistochemistry staining. Results The HPV16 infection rates in chronic cervicitis group were much lower (7.4%) than that in the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) groups and the cervical cancer group (69.6% and 72.7%), respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the difference of HPV16 DNA copies was not significant between the chronic cervicitis group and CIN groups. In contrast to the above mentioned result, the number of HPV DNA copies between the CIN groups and the cervical cancer group was significantly different. The HPV16 E7 gene expression rates in CIN Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and cervical cancer groups were 0,37.5%,42.9%,63.6%, respectively. Conclusion Ins more common than that with HPV18. The number of HPV16 DNA copies in cervical cancer tissues is markedly higher than that in CIN Ⅱ, Ⅲ groups. The HPV16 E7 mRNA expression is significantly increased in the cervical cancer, and it is more closely correlated to this pathological changes. The quantitative fluorescent PCR can be used to reflect the activity of HPV, and it is a useful method for the screening examination of HPV and for the early diagnosis and treatment of cervical caner.

In recent years there have been more widely and deeply studies in investigating melamine toxicity. Generally, it is believed that the main target of melamine is the urinary system. However, previous studies revealed that it also had additional biological actions. Obviously, the toxicity mechanisms of melamine have not been fully clarified. It is well known that fetus and infant periods play the most fundamental role in the brain development. And melamine can pass through the placental and blood-brain barrier, and then exerts toxic effects on the central nervous system. This article reviewed the reports about the topic in recent years, for better understanding the dangers of melamine to infants and providing experimental data for further study.
Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; drug effects ; Brain ; growth & development ; Central Nervous System ; drug effects ; Cognition ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Triazines ; pharmacokinetics ; toxicity

Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; Breast ; metabolism ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; metabolism ; Checkpoint Kinase 2 ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Grading ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism ; Tumor Burden ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; metabolism

ABSTRACT:Objective To test the expressions of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1 )and XIAP-associated factor 1 (XAF1 )in different endometrial tissues,and analyze the association between their expressions and the clinicopathological features of this malignancy.Methods The expressions of HSF1 and XAF1 in 64 cases of endometria1 carcinoma (EC group)and 33 cases of normal endometrial tissues (NE group)were detected with immunohistochemistry S-P method.The correlation was observed.Results The positive expression rate of HSF1 was much higher in EC group than in NE group (76.6% vs .36.4%,P <0.05).The positive rate of XAF1 was 31.2% in EC group and 72.7% in NE group (P <0.05).The positive expressions of HSF1 and different subgroups of histological grade,myometrial invasion and lymph node metastasis were significantly different (P <0.05)in EC group.The positive expressions of XAF1 and different subgroups of histological grade,myometrial invasion,clinical stage and lymph node metastasis were significantly different (P < 0.05 )in EC group.There was a negative correlation between HSF1 and XAF1 in EC group (P <0.05).Conclusion In EC group,the high expression of HSF1 may inhibit the growth of XAF1 expression,cause excessive growth of cancer cells,reduce the apoptosis of cancer cells,and finally lead to the further development of tumors.

AlM: To explore the different ages of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in infants, take different treatment methods at different times.
METHODS:The 87 cases of 102 children were divided into three different age groups: the first group of 25d-3mo of age 21 cases 26 eyes; The second group >3mo-7mo 31 cases 36 eyes;The third group >7-24mo of age 35 cases 40 eyes. For the first group of infants, the implementation of the lacrimal sac nasolacrimal duct massage + eye drops; for the second group of infants, carry lacrimal pressure washing treatment; for the third group of infants, the implementation of the nasolacrimal duct probing treatment.
RESULTS: The first group of children through the nasolacrimal duct sac massage + drops tobramycin eye drops treatment unobstructed 12, the cure rate was 46. 2%;The second group of children through pressurized irrigation treatment lacrimal patency by 33, the cure rate was 91. 7%; The third group of children through the nasolacrimal duct probing unobstructed 36 treatment, the cure rate was 90. 0%. The second and third group were better than the first group (χ2=15. 71, P<0. 01;χ2=15. 27, P<0. 01);the treatment effect of the second and third groups was no significant difference (χ2=0. 02, P>0. 05).
CONCLUSlON:lnfants with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction should distinguish between ages, taking different treatments, in order to obtain a better therapeutic effect, and lacrimal pressure washing is the preferred way of treating infants with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Objective To determine the diagnostic value of shoulder MR arthrography in revealing the injuries of anterior glenoid labrum,and to compare MR arthrography with arm in neutral position with MR arthrography with arm in abduction and external rotation(ABER)position.Methods MR arthrography of the shoulder,including additional oblique axial sequences with the patient in the ABER position,was performed in 44 patients.The injuries of anterior glenoid labrum of these patients were retrospectively evaluated.The result was compared with that of arthroscopy.Results For displaying the abnormalities of anterior glenoid labrum,the sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of axial MR images with arm in neutral position were 79.3%(23/29),100%(15/15),and 86.4%(38/44),respectively.While the results of ABER position oblique axial images were 93.1%(27/29),100%(15/15),and 95.5%(42/44), respectively.The difference of sensitivity between axial and ABER-position scans was statistically significant (P

70 bpm during scan),the proportion of segments that could not be assessed because of motion artifact were 0.1%(1/759),1.1%(7/649),2.5% (10/407),42.6%(103/242),and 75.5%(108/143),respectively.With conventional selective coronary angiography as the golden standard,the sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative prediction values to detect≥50% stenotic lesions in the assessable segments were 79.2%,96.0%,83.8%,and 94.6%,respectively.There was a significant correlation between the number of segments per patient not assessable because of motion artifact and heart rate during the scan(r=0.655,P=0.000).Conclusion MSCT is capable of achieving high accuracy for detection of coronary artery stenosis,and is a reliable technique to diagnose coronary artery disease.