OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of B7-H1 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic HBV infection.

METHODSImmunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry assay were used to measure the expression of B7-H1 on peripheral blood CD3high T cells, CD19high B cells and CD14high monocytes from chronic HBV infected patients.

RESULTSNo significant difference was observed in B7-H1 expression on T cells and B cells between chronic HBV infected patients (CHB) and health controls (HC). B7-H1-expressing CD14high cells were significantly increased in chronic HBV-infected patients (19.17-/+11.64)% as compared with healthy controls [(7.30-/+5.49)%, P<0.01]. A significant positive correlation was found between B7-H1 expression on CD14high monocytes and serum ALT levels.

CONCLUSIONThere is no significant difference in B7-H1 expression on T cells and B cells between CHB patients and healthy subjects. B7-H1, which is up-regulated on monocytes from chronic HBV-infected patients, in positively correlated to serum ALT levels, and may play a role in the persistence of HBV infection.

Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; B-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; B7-H1 Antigen ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; immunology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monocytes ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND:Irreducible femoral neck fracture was difficult to obtain anatomic reduction.As a new type of internal fixation,the femoral neck system is still blank for the treatment of non-anatomical reduced femoral neck fractures. OBJECTIVE:To explore the biomechanical stability of femoral neck system internal fixation under nonanatomical reduction in the treatment of femoral neck fractures based on finite element analysis. METHODS:CT data of the hip joint of a healthy female adult were obtained.Anatomical reduction of femoral neck fracture models with Pauwels angles of 30°,50°,and 70° were established using Mimics 21.0,Geomagic Wrap 2021,and SolidWorks 2020.The fracture proximal ends of the three anatomical reduction models were shifted upward by 2 mm along the fracture line,and three positive buttress models with different Pauwels angles were obtained.In the same way,three negative buttress models were acquired by shifting downward by 2 mm.SolidWorks 2020 was used to make the femoral neck system internal fixation,and the nine femoral neck fracture models were assembled with the femoral neck system.Then Ansys 19.0 was used for finite element analysis.The displacement distribution and maximum displacement,stress distribution and maximum stress of the femur and femoral neck system were recorded under 2100 N stress. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)When Pauwels angles were 30°,50°,and 70°,the maximum stresses of the femoral neck system appeared to be concentrated at the junction of the sliding hip screw and anti-rotation screw.The maximum femur stresses appeared to be concentrated in the medial cortex of the femur.The maximum displacement was concentrated at the upper of the femoral head and femoral neck system.(2)When Pauwels angles were 30° and 50°,the maximum displacement and maximum stress of the femoral neck system and femur were:negative buttress>anatomical reduction>positive buttress.(3)When Pauwels angle was 70°,the maximum displacement and maximum stress of the femoral neck system were:negative buttress>anatomical reduction>positive buttress;the maximum displacement and maximum stress of the femur were:negative buttress>positive buttress>anatomical reduction.(4)With the increase of Pauwels angle,the biomechanical advantage of the positive buttress was weakening.However,it was better than a negative buttress.When Pauwels angle was 30°,positive buttress was more stable than anatomical reduction.When Pauwels angle was 50°,the biomechanical difference between positive buttress and anatomical reduction became smaller.When Pauwels angle was 70°,the stability of anatomical reduction was slightly better than positive buttress.(5)If it was difficult to achieve anatomical reduction of femoral neck fracture during operation,but the positive buttress had been displaced within 2 mm,the femoral neck system could be used to offer stable mechanical fixation.It is necessary to avoid negative buttress reduction.

ObjectiveTo analyze the expression of Lactate dehydrogenase A（LDHA） in both renal cell carcinoma （RCC） tissue and RCC cell lines， and to investigate the impact of LDHA expression on the progression of RCC. MethodsFrom June 2018 to June 2022， totally 52 cases of RCC tissue samples and 49 cases of para-cancerous tissue samples were collected through surgical procedures from our hospital. LDHA expression was detected using immunohistochemistry （IHC）. The expression levels of LDHA in vitro were also detected in the normal human proximal tubule epithelial cell line HK-2 and renal cell carcinoma cell lines A498， Caki-2， ACHN， and 786-O by using qRT-PCR and Western blot. A recombinant plasmid carrying LDHA-shRNA was constructed and then transfected into 786-O cells to down-regulate the expression of LDHA. Tumor proliferative capacity was monitored using CCK-8 assay， clonal formation assay and EdU assessments. Additionally， cell glycolytic activity was assessed through glucose uptake assay， lactate secretion assay， and ECAR analysis. ResultsIHC analysis revealed significantly higher expression of LDHA in RCC tissue compared to adjacent tissues（P<0.05）. Furthermore， RCC tissues with higher TNM stage exhibited greater expression of LDHA than those with lower TNM stage （P<0.05）. The results of qRT-PCR and Western blot demonstrated that the expression of LDHA in each RCC cell line was significantly higher than that in HK-2（P<0.05）. After blocking the expression of LDHA in 786-O， there was a significant down-regulation of cell proliferation and glycolysis capacity （P<0.05）. ConclusionsThe expression of LDHA in RCC tissue and RCC cell lines is significantly overexpressed compared with normal one， particularly in those with higher TNM stage. Knockdown of the expression of LDHA significantly suppresses cell proliferation and aerobic glycolysis capacity in 786-O.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of autophagy in MnCl2-induced apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial 16HBE cells.

METHODSCell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. Autophagic vacuoles were detected by fluorescence microscopy. Cellular levels of apoptosis and autophagy-related proteins were measured by western blotting.

RESULTS16HBE cell proliferation was inhibited by MnCl2 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. MnCl2-induced 16HBE cell growth inhibition was related to MMP depolarization prior to the induction of apoptosis. Our data revealed that MnCl2-induced apoptosis in 16HBE cells was mediated by decreased expression of Bcl-2 and increased levels of cleaved caspase-3. It was observed that when we exposed 16HBE cells to MnCl2 in a dose-dependent manner, the formation of autophagic vacuoles and the levels of LC-3B-II were elevated. RNA interference of LC3B in these MnCl2-exposed cells demonstrated that MMP loss and apoptosis were enhanced. Additionally, the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK increased the cellular levels of Bcl-2 and decreased apoptosis, but did not affect the cellular levels of LC3B in MnCl2-treated 16HBE cells.

CONCLUSIONMnCl2 dose- and time-dependently inhibits 16HBE cell proliferation and induces MMP loss and apoptosis. Autophagy acts in a protective role against MnCl2-induced apoptosis in 16HBE cells.

Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Autophagy ; drug effects ; physiology ; Bronchi ; Cell Line ; Chlorides ; pharmacology ; Down-Regulation ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Manganese Compounds ; pharmacology

Objective: To analyze the allocation of human resources for chronic disease prevention and control of district/county-level centers for disease control and prevention(CDC) in China in 2020. Methods: Survey subjects were from National Chronic Noncommunicable Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance Sites and National Demonstration Areas for Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control (demonstration areas). A survey examining the allocation of human resources for chronic disease prevention and control at district/county-level CDC was conducted in December 2021 through the National Demonstration Areas Management Information System. The number and rate of allocation of human resources for chronic disease prevention and control in district/county-level CDC were analyzed and the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the difference between demonstration and non-demonstration areas and between urban and rural areas. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the difference in east, central and west regions. The Gini coefficient and Theil index were used to evaluate the balance of human resource for chronic disease prevention and control. Results: A total of 678 districts/counties were investigated, and 664 districts/counties responded effectively, with an effective response rate of 97.9%. The establishment rate of district/county-level CDC was 98.34% (653/664), and the establishment rate of chronic disease prevention and control departments of district/county-level CDC was 96.02% (627/653). In 627 district/county-level CDC with departments for chronic disease prevention and control, the median number of full-time technical personnel for chronic disease prevention and control was 4, the median number of full-time technical personnel in demonstration areas (4 persons) was higher than in non-demonstration areas (3 persons), highest in the east region (5 persons) than in the middle region (4 persons) and the west region (4 persons), higher in urban areas (4 persons) than in rural areas (4 persons) (all P values<0.05). The allocation rate was 0.71 people/100 000, which was higher in demonstration areas (0.73 people/100 000) than in non-demonstration areas (0.67 people/100 000), highest in the west region (0.82 people/100 000) than in the middle region (0.71 people/100 000) and east region (0.67 people/100 000), higher in rural areas (0.77 people/100 000) than in urban areas (0.68 people/100 000) (all P values<0.05). The Gini coefficient for the allocation by population size was 0.352 9. The total Theil index for demonstration and non-demonstration areas, different regions, and urban-rural areas were 0.067 8, 0.076 3, and 0.000 2, with the intra-group contribution of 97.35%, 99.52%, and 98.80%, respectively. Conclusion: In 2020, the allocation of human resources for chronic disease prevention and control in district/county-level CDC is relatively balanced. The variation in the allocation of human resources for chronic disease prevention and control exist between demonstration and non-demonstration areas, urban and rural areas, and across regions.
Humans ; Noncommunicable Diseases/prevention & control* ; Workforce ; China ; Risk Factors ; Chronic Disease

Indigenous knowledge and traditional culture for sustainable use of native plants in Juenang cultural region of Rangtang county, Aba Zang and Qiang Prefecture of Sichuan province, have been characterized in this paper followed the principles and methods of ethnobotany. The results indicate that 38 species from 27 families(including 6 species of fungi) are ethnobotanically used commonly in this area. Of 38 species of the native plants, 13 species from 12 families are collected for eatables and vegetables, 12 families and 16 species of indigenous plants for medicinal and edible use, 4 species from 4 families for decoration, 4 species from 4 families used for building materials or firewood, and 1 species from 1 families used for religious folklore. Under the influence of Juenang culture and Tibetan culture, indigenous knowledge such as instinctive reverence and gratitude for nature, protection ecological environment and habitats, and moderate use of natural resources(especially wild bioresource), have been gotten passed on from generation to generation in Juenang culture region of Rangtang county, which is of great significance to the protection of local bioresources and environment, including ethnic medicinal plants, and also to provide practical guidance for biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration in those alpine ecological vulnerable areas.
Biodiversity ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ethnobotany ; Fungi/classification* ; Humans ; Knowledge ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal/classification*

Objective: To analyze the clinical epidemiological characteristics including composition of pathogens , clinical characteristics, and disease prognosis acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) in Chinese children. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical and laboratory data of 1 610 children <15 years of age with ABM in 33 tertiary hospitals in China from January 2019 to December 2020. Patients were divided into different groups according to age,<28 days group, 28 days to <3 months group, 3 months to <1 year group, 1-<5 years of age group, 5-<15 years of age group; etiology confirmed group and clinically diagnosed group according to etiology diagnosis. Non-numeric variables were analyzed with the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, while non-normal distrituction numeric variables were compared with nonparametric test. Results: Among 1 610 children with ABM, 955 were male and 650 were female (5 cases were not provided with gender information), and the age of onset was 1.5 (0.5, 5.5) months. There were 588 cases age from <28 days, 462 cases age from 28 days to <3 months, 302 cases age from 3 months to <1 year of age group, 156 cases in the 1-<5 years of age and 101 cases in the 5-<15 years of age. The detection rates were 38.8% (95/245) and 31.5% (70/222) of Escherichia coli and 27.8% (68/245) and 35.1% (78/222) of Streptococcus agalactiae in infants younger than 28 days of age and 28 days to 3 months of age; the detection rates of Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae were 34.3% (61/178), 14.0% (25/178) and 13.5% (24/178) in the 3 months of age to <1 year of age group; the dominant pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae and the detection rate were 67.9% (74/109) and 44.4% (16/36) in the 1-<5 years of age and 5-<15 years of age . There were 9.7% (19/195) strains of Escherichia coli producing ultra-broad-spectrum β-lactamases. The positive rates of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture and blood culture were 32.2% (515/1 598) and 25.0% (400/1 598), while 38.2% (126/330)and 25.3% (21/83) in CSF metagenomics next generation sequencing and Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen detection. There were 4.3% (32/790) cases of which CSF white blood cell counts were normal in etiology confirmed group. Among 1 610 children with ABM, main intracranial imaging complications were subdural effusion and (or) empyema in 349 cases (21.7%), hydrocephalus in 233 cases (14.5%), brain abscess in 178 cases (11.1%), and other cerebrovascular diseases, including encephalomalacia, cerebral infarction, and encephalatrophy, in 174 cases (10.8%). Among the 166 cases (10.3%) with unfavorable outcome, 32 cases (2.0%) died among whom 24 cases died before 1 year of age, and 37 cases (2.3%) had recurrence among whom 25 cases had recurrence within 3 weeks. The incidences of subdural effusion and (or) empyema, brain abscess and ependymitis in the etiology confirmed group were significantly higher than those in the clinically diagnosed group (26.2% (207/790) vs. 17.3% (142/820), 13.0% (103/790) vs. 9.1% (75/820), 4.6% (36/790) vs. 2.7% (22/820), χ²=18.71, 6.20, 4.07, all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the unfavorable outcomes, mortility, and recurrence between these 2 groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The onset age of ABM in children is usually within 1 year of age, especially <3 months. The common pathogens in infants <3 months of age are Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae, and the dominant pathogen in infant ≥3 months is Streptococcus pneumoniae. Subdural effusion and (or) empyema and hydrocephalus are common complications. ABM should not be excluded even if CSF white blood cell counts is within normal range. Standardized bacteriological examination should be paid more attention to increase the pathogenic detection rate. Non-culture CSF detection methods may facilitate the pathogenic diagnosis.
Adolescent ; Brain Abscess ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Escherichia coli ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Meningitis, Bacterial/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Streptococcus agalactiae ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Subdural Effusion ; beta-Lactamases