To explore the changes in metabolites in the greasy tongue coating in patients with chronic gastritis.

Objective To establish reference values for blood pressure in cynomolgus monkeys in different ages.Methods The blood pressures and blood lipids indexes were detected in 521 cynomolgus monkeys using an American BECKMAN-CX4 automatic biochemical analyzer and a wrist electronic blood pressure monitor.Statistical tests were performed to analyze the data.Results Significant differences were found in blood pressure values of cynomolgus monkeys in different ages.Blood pressure values in the elderly group were higher than those of other groups.The morbidity of hypertension in the elderly group was higher than those of the other groups.Body mass index (BMI) in the hypertension group was higher than that of normal group in the same age.The incidence of hypertension in the elderly group with hyperlipemia was higher than that of other groups.Logistic regression analysis showed that age, BMI and hyperlipidemia in the hypertensive group were 1.435, 1.218, and 2.337 times higher than those of the normal group when predicting the risk of hypertension.Conclusions We have initially established reference values of blood pressure in cynomolgus monkeys in different ages.Age, BMI and hyperlipidemia are risk factors of spontaneous hypertension in cynomolgus monkeys, and the measurement of blood pressure may provide a basis for the screening of cynomolgus monkey model of spontaneous hypertensive and related research.

BACKGROUND: Speech audiometry is decisive in selecting hearing aid,but it is seldom used in clinic in China.OBJECTIVE: To understand the differences in the speech resolution with speech audiometry between in-the-ear (ITE) and behind-the-ear (BTE)hearing aids.DESIGN: Paired controlled study.SETTING: Auditory Center of the 414 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Auditory Rehabilitation Center of Jiangsu Province.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 62 patients with auditory disability were selected from the Auditory Center of the 414 Hospital of Chinese PLA and Auditory Rehabilitation Center of Jiangsu Province. Among 32 ITE hearing aid users, average hearing loss at 500, 1 000, 2 000 and 4 000 Hz, was less than 85 dB, and the patients were aged from 16 to 60 years. Among 30 BTE hearing aid users, average hearing loss at 500, 1 000, 2 000 and 4 000 Hz, was also less than 85 dB, and the patients were aged from 16 to 60 years. All patients were consent.METHODS: Open and close methods were adopted for speech audiometry among ITE and BTE hearing aids users. Monosyllabic and disyllabic words were chosen as the type of speech and 20 words were given to one ear, respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of speech resolution with monosyllabic and disyllabic words test between ITE and BTE hearing aid.RESULTS: In aspect of the effect of ITE and BTE hearing aids, there were no significant differences of both monosyllabic and disyllabic words no matter through open or close method (P ＞ 0.05). At the opening state, there were significant differences in resolution of monosyllabic and disyllabic words (P ＜ 0.05); while, there were no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05) at the closing state.CONCLUSION: Carrying out speech audiometry in the selection hearing aid is influenced by many factors.

Objective To detect the regulation of CXCL16 synthesis and shedding in first-trimester human trophoblasts. Methods Firstly, we analyzed the expression and secretion of chemokine CXCL16 in primary cultured trophoblasts by immunochemical staining and ELISA. Then we determined the soluble and cell-associated CXCLI6 respectively with and without treatments of cytokine IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4 and ADAM10 by ELISA. Results Trophoblast expressed and secreted CXCL16 in a stable level. Cytokine IFN-γ induced both synthesis and secretion of CXCL16 significantly ( P <0. 01 ) in trophoblasts. ADAM10 increased the shedding of chemokine domain of CXCL16 from trophoblasts but didn't influence the synthesis of CXCL16 protein in trophoblast. Conclusion IFN-γ and ADAM10 play important roles in production and shedding of transmembrane CXCL16 in first-trimester trophublasts.

This article was aimed to study the proteomic spectra expression of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) cold and heat constitution rats with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), in order to search for the cold and heat-associated proteins for the investigation of the biological basis of TCM cold and heat body constitution formation. The total protein in rat’s liver cell was extracted. The 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry (MS) were used in the screening and identification of differentially expressed proteins of cold and heat constitution rats. The results showed that a total of 10 different points in the protein expression were obtained with statistical significance after screening and MS, which were carbamoyl-phosphate synthase, protein disulfide isomerase associated 3, catalase, hydroperoxide isomerase, cytosol aminopeptidase, glutamate dehydrogenase 1, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase 2, heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) precursor, homocysteine, 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein precursor. It was concluded that some differences were existed in the proteomic spectra expression of TCM cold and heat constitution rats. The abnormality of enzyme protein metabolism may be one of the material bases for the formation of cold and heat constitution.

Objective To investigate the relationship of extracellular regulated protein kinases activation and neural cells autophagy in rats after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Methods One hundred twenty male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operated group,SAH group,ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 group,autophagy inducer rapamycin (Rap) group.The animal models were established by injecting the autologous blood into cisterna magna twice.U0126 (5μ g/μL) and Rap (10nmol/μL) were injected into lateral ventricles in U0126 group and Rap group 30min before SAH.The morphology of hippocampal nerve cells were examined by using light microscopy.The expression levels of phosphorylated ERK 1/2 (p-ERK 1/2),ERK 1/2mRNA and autophagy markers (Beclin-1 and Beclin-1 mRNA、LC3-Ⅱ and LC3mRNA) in the hippocampus were detected by using inmunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Result Compared with sham group,the rate of dead nerve cells,the mRNA levels of ERK1/2,Beclin-1 and LC3 as well as the levels of the p-ERK1/2,Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ increased in SAH group (P＜0.05).Compared with SAH group,the rate of dead nerve cells increased(P＜0.05),the ERK1/2 mRNA,Beclin-1 mRNA and LC3 mRN A,and p-ERK1/2,Beclin-landLC3-Ⅱ in U0126 group decreased(P＜0.05);the rate of dead nerve cells decreased (P＜0.05),the Beclin-1 mRNA and LC3 mRNA,the Beclin-1and LC3-Ⅱ level increased in Rap group(P＜0.05),but ERK 1/2 mRNA and p-ERK 1/2 remained unchanged (P＞0.05).Conclusion Activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway after SAH,can induce nerve cells death by increasing Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ expressions.

Objective To investigate the effect of MAPK activation on autophagy in the hippocampus of rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage.Methods A total of 100 male SD rats were divided into 5 groups randomly:sham operated group,SAH group,inhibitor U0126 group,inhibitor SB203580 group,SP600125 group.The animal model was established by injecting the autologous blood into cisterna magna twice.The morphological changes of hippocampus nerve cells of rat brain were detected with HE.The mRNA levels of ERK1/2,p38MAPK,JNK and LC3 in hippocampus were detected with quantitative real time PCR and the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2,phosphorylated p38MAPK,phosphorylated JNK and LC3-Ⅱ in hippocampus of rat brain were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with the Sham group,the survival rate of neurons in SAH group decreased (6 h:(84.982 ± 5.723) ％,24 h:(74.383± 9.860) ％,48 h:(62.860± 10.820) ％,72 h:(52.260± 10.960) ％) (all P＜0.05).The levels of ERK1/2 mRNA,p38MAPK mRNA,JNK mRNA and LC3 mRNA in hippocampus increased (all P＜ 0.05) and the expression of p-ERK1/2,p-p38MAPK,p-JNK,LC3-Ⅱ proteins increased(all P＜0.05).Compared with the SAH group,the survival rate of neurons in U0126 group was decreased (6 h:(71.620±6.542) ％,24 h:(66.221±7.742)％,48 h:(55.208±8.802) ％,72 h:(46.242±7.782) ％),and the ERK1/2 and LC3 in hippocampus decreased both in mRNA level and in protein level(all P＜0.05).Compared with the SAH group,the survival rate of neurons in SB203580 groups was increased (6 h:(89.082±6.602)％,24 h:(85.840±9.726) ％,48 h:(74.96± 10.916) ％,72 h:(69.211 ± 10.745) ％),and the p38MAPK,LC3-Ⅱ in hippocampus decreased at both mRNA and protein levels (all P＜0.05).Compared with the SAH group,the survival rate of neurons in SP600125 groups was increased (6 h:(91.620± 7.542) ％,24 h:(86.221 ± 10.742) ％,48 h:(75.208±11.802) ％,72 h:(70.242± 11.782) ％).The expression of JNK was decreased while the LC3-Ⅱ was increased in hippocampus (P＜0.05).Conclusion MAPK activation is involved in the autophagy of hippocampal neurons after SAH,in which ERK1/2 activation plays a positive role in the regulation of autophagy in hippocampal neurons after SAH,while p38MAPK and JNK activation plays a negative role in autophagy.

Background Conjunctivochalasis is an age-related inflammatory ocular surface disease manifesting redundant,loose conjunctiva folds.Studies showed that conjunctivochalasis often accompanies with inflammatory response,indicating that a variety of inflammatory cytokines are involved in pathogenesis of conjunctivochalasis.Objective This study attempted to investigate the expressions of pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) and tumor necrosis factor-α stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) proteins in fibroblasts of conjunctivochalasis.Methods The protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of Putuo Hospital affiliated Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Thirteen eyes of 13 patients with conjunctivochalasis,16 eyes of 16 patients with age-related cataract and 16 eyes of 15 patients with pterygium were included in Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Medicine from January,2011 to June,2012.The samples of conjunctival tissue were collected in the patients during surgery under the informed consent,and fibroblasts were cultured and passaged by explant culture method.Content of PTX-3 and TSG-6 proteins in cell supernatant was detected by ELISA.Results Translucent poor,dark black area was around the cell overflow.Cultured cells of third generation showed long shuttle type,uniform size,radiated out in all directions,and oval nuclei was sited in the cytoplasm,surrounded by varying the length of cross-linking of cell processes.The concentrations of PTX-3 protein in cell supernatant were (2 182.33 ± 738.68) pg/ml in the conjunctivochalasis group,which were higher than (738.32±335.00) pg/ml in the age-related cataract group and (981.37±416.04)pg/ml in the pterygium group,showing a significant difference among the three groups (F =6.474,P=0.032).The contents of TSG-6 proteins in cell supernatant were (59.10±6.52) pg/ml,(53.99± 11.16) pg/ml and (35.01±5.33)pg/ml in the conjunctivochalasis group,pterygium group and age-related cataract group,with a significant difference among the three groups (F =7.421,P =0.024),and contents of TSG-6 proteins in the agerelated cataract group was lowest,however,no significant difference was found in the TSG-6 contents between the conjunctivochalasis group and the pterygium group (P＞0.05).Conclusions Inflammatory reaction participates in the pathogenesis and development of conjunctivochalasis,up-regulation of PTX-3 and TSG-6 expression in fibroblasts might partakes in the pathogenesis of conjunctivochalasis.

Objective To observe the effect of aerobic exercise preconditioning on growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and Nogo-A in rats after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into sham group (n=40), cerebral ischemia/reperfusion group (n=40) and aerobic exercise preconditioning group (n=40), and global cerebral ischemia model was formed with modified four-vessel occlusion. The rats was sacrificed six hours, one day, three days and seven days after ischemia, respectively. The hippocampus neural cells were observed in five rats with HE staining and immunohistochemistry of GAP-43 and Nogo-A, and the other five rats were test-ed with RT-PCR of GAP-43 and Nogo-A. Results Compared with those in the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion group, the apoptotic neurons and expression of GAP-43 significantly increased all the time points in the aerobic exercise preconditioning group (P<0.01), while the ex-pression of Nogo-A decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion Aerobic exercise preconditioning can promote the regeneration of neuronal cells and axon after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, which is related to the regulation of GAP-43 and Nogo-A.

According to the phenomenon that the curriculum of psychological health education for college students is theoretical,lack of experience and the teaching form is single,this research attempts to private a blended teaching which is based on the small private online course (SPOC) and experiential teaching.The content of mental health is divided into theoretical knowledge and experience knowledge.And the theoretical knowledge is taught through online teaching in the form of massive open online courses (MOOC),while the experiential knowledge is taught by pure experiential teaching in the classroom.The study has summed up 3 stages of learning mode:learning before class,teaching experience and reflection after class.This changes the single classroom theory teaching to students experience learning.Besides,formative evaluation is used as assessment methods,which has enhanced the effectiveness of the course and at the same time,it has also promoted the improvement of teachers' teaching level effectively.