This proficiency testing program is established to evaluate the pharmaceutical preparation analysis capacity of laboratories recommended by 18 countries and economies. It was authorized by Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (APLAC), and organized by Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control (SIFDC) and China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment (CNAS). The 0.3sigma test is used to evaluate the homogeneity and stability of the proficiency testing sample. The results of the laboratories were assessed by Z-score. The robust average and the robust standard deviation of the participants' results were calculated as assigned value and standard deviation for performance assessment of hydrochlorothiazide and captopril using robust statistics. Thirty-three of 38 laboratories recommended by 18 countries and economies sent their results back. Twenty-four laboratories' results were observed as satisfactory. Five laboratories were identified as having reported at least one questionable result. Four laboratories were identified as having reported at least one unsatisfactory result.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the proficiency and consistency of domestic and foreign testing institutions in the field of veterinary drug residue detection in food， and to promote international cooperation and mutual recognition of testing results among these institutions. MethodsA robust statistical analysis was conducted on the testing results of 20 laboratories in eight countries and regions across North America， Europe， and Asia. The laboratories’ testing capabilities were evaluated using Z-score comparison. ResultsAmong the 20 participating laboratories， 18 achieved satisfactory results， resulting in a satisfaction rate of 90%， while 2 laboratories （10%） failed to meet the requirements. The satisfaction rate of domestic laboratories （100%） was higher than that of foreign laboratories （81.8%）. ConclusionDomestic laboratories perform better than overseas laboratories in determining veterinary drug residues in food. To enhance testing capabilities， these overseas laboratories with unsatisfactory evaluation results should strengthen their daily quality control and ensure traceability of original records.

Objective: To assess the value of urine soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(sTREM-1) in early diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis associated acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods: This was a case-control study. A total of 62 patients with sepsis during November 2016 to June 2017 were collected, who were divided into non-AKI sepsis (n= 49) and AKI sepsis (n=13) groups according to the serum creatinine (SCr) or urine output, sepsis with shock (n=22) and sepsis without shock (n=40) groups according to the presence of shock, survival (n=47) and death (n=15) groups according to the mortality. Twenty healthy children were recruited in control group, whose urine sTREM-1 were used as reference value. Urine and blood specimens were detected on admission (within 12 h), at 24 h and 48 h after admission. Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis. Results: On admission, the level of urine sTREM-1 were significantly higher in sepsis patients than in healthy controls (96.8 (71.3, 105.8) vs. 68.6 (60.6, 71.1)ng/L, Z=4.708, P<0.05). Comparing of sTREM-1 in different groups showed that the levels were higher in AKI sepsis patients than in the non-AKI ones ((106±5) vs. (86±18) ng/L, t=6.670, P<0.05), higher in the sepsis with shock group than in sepsis without shock group ((98±11) vs. (86± 20) ng/L, t=3.059, P<0.05), and also higher in death group than in survival group ((101±12) vs. (87±18) ng/L, t=3.615, P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of urine sTREM-1 in predicting sepsis associated AKI was 0.814 (95%CI: 0.708-0.920), which was higher than that in predicting shock, increased serum creatinine, hyperlipidemia or hyperbilirubinemia (0.530, 0.425, 0.429 and 0.443, respectively). The optimal sTREM-1 cut-off point for predicting sepsis associated kidney injury was 96.5 ng/L, with specificity and sensitivity of 100% and 57.1%. The odds ratio(OR) of urine sTREM-1 was 0.879 with a significance of 0.005 after adjusting shock, prognosis, serum creatinine, lactate and total bilirubin level, indicating that the urine sTREM-1 was an independent risk factor of sepsis associated AKI. Conclusion Urine sTREM-1 can be used as an early diagnostic biomarker for sepsis associated AKI, with advantage of noninvasiveness and convenience. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-DDD-17010743.