The diagnostic value of keratin-18 and its fragments in liver diseases has drawn increasingly interests in recent years,but studies on its application in chronic hepatitis B is still few.This paper reviews the circulating levels of keratin-18 fragments M30 and M65 in chronic hepatitis B and its application in the future.

A novel chemiluminescence (CL) system combined with flow injection analysis for the determination of rutin is presented . It is based on the CL reaction of rutin and hexacyanoferrate*# in sodium hydroxide medium. The proposed method has a linear range of 1×10-4g/mL ～ 1×10-6 g/mL with a RSD of 3.7%(5×10-6g/mL,n=11) and a sample throughput of 60 h-1. The method was successfully applied to the determination of rutin in a pharmaceutical preparation.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)in combination on human gastric cancer cell line AGS in vitro .Methods Human gastric cancer line AGS was treated with different concentrations of DHA and 5-FU alone or in combination.The inhibition of cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay.Dose of median (IC50 )of drugs (alone or in combination)and the combination index (CI)were calculated using the median-effect equation and the combination index equation of Chou-Talalay.Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle distribution.The expression of mitochondrial respiratory membrane protein complex in AGS cells was analyzed with Western blot.Results DHA and 5-FU alone or in combination could markedly suppress the proliferation of AGS in significantly time-dependent and dose-dependent manners (P <0.05).IC50 values with DHA or 5-FU administered for 24 h and 48 h were 5 1.60 μg/mL (DHA:24 h),34.82 μg/mL (DHA:48 h),45.90 μg/mL (5-FU:24 h),and 1 6.86 μg/mL (5-FU:48 h), respectively.DHA remarkably strengthened the inhibitory effect of 5-FU and decreased IC50 of 5-FU by 3.56 -2.1 5 folds.The combination of DHA and 5-FU showed synergism.Flow cytometry showed that AGS cells treated with DHA and 5-FU were arrested in G0/G1 phase and the proportion of AGS cells in G0/G1 phase increased compared with that in the control group,DHA group and 5-FU group,while the proportion of the cells in S phase decreased significantly (P < 0.05 ).Western blot showed after treatment with DHA and 5-FU for 48 h,the expression of mitochondrial respiratory membrane protein complex was significantly decreased compared with control group,DHA group and 5-FU group (P <0.05).Conclusion DHA could act synergistically with 5-FU in inhibiting the growth of gastric carcinoma cells,and meanwhile decrease the dose of 5-FU.The mechanism may be associated with cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and interference in the energy metabolism of AGS cells due to inhibition of the expression of mitochondrial oxidative respiratory chain complexes by the two compounds.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of narrow-band imaging (NBI) system in the diagnosis and treatment of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) in children. Methods To retrospectively summarize the clinical data of 15 cases diagnosed with PJS, and compare with 70 cases diagnosed with juvenile polyp. And all of the polyps were further diagnosed with pathological examination and the histological type should be analyzed.The polyps of 15 children with PJS were diagnosed with the white light imaging (WLI) and the NBI system, respectively. The pit patterns of various polyps was observed with NBI. We made a comparison between the sensitivity and speciifcity of NBI and WLI in diagnosis of adenomatous polyps. Result 76 lesions in 15 cases were detected by the WLI and NBI system,including adenomatous polyps (12) and harmatoma (64) which were further diagnosed by pathological examinations.By using the NBI system,69.7% (53/76)PJS polyps (pit patterns)were diagnosed as typeⅠand 27.6%(21/76) PJS polyps were diagnosed as typeⅡorⅢ.By using the NBI system,the sensitivity and speciifcity for diagnosing PJS polyps were 83.3%(10/12)and 98.4%(63/64),which were obviously higher than those by using the WLI system (P<0.05). Conclusion Observation of pit patterns of polyps by the NBI system can help predict the pathological changes of PJS polyps.By using the NBI system,the sensitivity and speciifcity of the diagnosis of adenomatous polyps are higher than those by using the WLI system.It has guiding signiifcance to choose the method to remove a polyp.

Objective To summarize the effectiveness and security of endoscopic removal of foreign bodies of battery in the gastrointestinal tract in children.Methods We analyzed retrospectively the clinical data of 13 patients who swallowed foreign bodies including button cell and cylindrical battery.The 13 patients were treated in our hospital between July 2011 and April 2015,aged 19 months to 12 years.Results A total of 9 cases of foreign bodies in esophagus,including embedded in the first the esophageal stenosis in 4 cases,the second the esophageal stenosis in 3 cases,cardia in 1 case,and 4 cases of foreign body in stomach.We successfully removed 16 foreign bodies of the battery in endoscopy.No serious complications such as perforation,hemorrhaging happened during and after operation.Conclusion It is one relatively safe and effective method of diagnosis and treatment of endoscopic removal of foreign bodies of battery in gastrointestinal tract in children.

Objective To evaluate the value of endoscopy with narrow-band imaging(NBI)for tar-geting biopsy of lesions in children with allergic colitis. Methods The colorectal lesions under the model of traditional white light imaging and NBI in children with allergic colitis were observed and recorded. The re-sults of biopsy under white light imaging and NBI were compared with postoperative pathological diagnosis. Results A total of 60 patients completed the study. Under NBI,47(78. 3%)rectal lesions,52(86. 7%) sigmoid colon lesions and 19(31. 7%)descending colon lesions were found. There were 21(35. 0%),25 (41. 7%),and 8(13. 3%)lesions in the transverse colon,ascending colon and iloececus,respectively. For the lesions in transverse colon and ascending colon,the detection rate under NBI was significantly higher than that under white light endoscopy[35. 0% VS 16. 7%(10/ 60),P<0. 05;41. 7% VS 18. 3%(11/ 60),P<0. 05]. No significant difference was found between two methods for the sigmoid and rectal lesion[86. 7% VS 83. 3%(50/ 60),P>0. 05;78. 3% VS 76. 7%(46/ 60),P>0. 05].There was no significant difference in ileo-cecus and descending colon[13. 3% VS 5. 0%(3/ 60),P>0. 05;31. 7% VS 28. 3%(17/ 60),P>0. 05]. The targeted biopsy results by NBI indicated that the ratio of EOS≥6/ HP was significantly higher than the biopsy results by white light imaging. Conclusion NBI is easy to operate and can discern the microcosmic structure which cannot be observed by the traditional endoscopy. It can provide higher diagnostic accuracy of allergic colitis. After suspicious lesions were found under conventional endoscopic check,NBI could be used to guide the targeted biopsy.

Objective To investigate the expression and prognostic significance of inhibitor of growth 4 (ING4) and tail-type homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) in colorectal cancer. Methods The expressions of ING4 and CDX2 pro-teins were detected by immunohistochemistry in 99 tissue samples of colorectal cancer and 30 corresponding para-cancer-ous normal tissue samples. The data of clinic outcomes were collected. The correlations between the expressions of ING 4 and CDX2 and clinicopathological parameters were also analyzed. Results The positive expression rates of ING4 and CDX2 were 68.8%and 72.7%in colorectal cancer tissues, which were significantly lower than those of corresponding normal tissue samples (93.3% and 96.7%, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the differentiation, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and tumor stage between expressions of ING4 and CDX2 (P<0.05). The 5-year survival rate was significant-ly lower in ING4 negative group (35.5%) compared with that of ING4 positive group (77.9%). The 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in CDX2 negative group (48.1%) than that of CDX2 positive group (70.8%, P<0.05). The expression of ING4 was positively correlated with the expression of CDX2 in colorectal cancer. Conclusion The expressions of ING4 and CDX2 are strongly associated with the carcinogenesis, development and prognosis of the colorectal cancer,which suggests that ING4 and CDX2 might be used as prognostic markers for the colorectal cancer.

ABSTRACT:Objective To investigate the effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the proliferation of human gastric cancer cell line AGS and the possible mechanisms.Methods Human gastric cancer line AGS and human microvascular epithelial cell HMEC-1 were treated with different concentrations of docosdhexaenoic acid (DHA)and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).The inhibition of cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay and cell morphology.Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle change.The expressions of mitochondrial respiratory membrane protein complex Ⅰ,Ⅱ and V were analyzed with Western blot.Results DHA and EPA could markedly inhibit the proliferation of AGS in significant time-dependent and concentration-dependent manners (P < 0.05 ). The inhibitory effect of DHA was stronger than that of EPA under the same concentration gradient (P <0.05).The morphological changes of cells were characterized by cell shrinkage and weak adhesion.Flow cytometry showed that AGS cells treated with DHA and EPA were arrested in G0/G1 phase and the proportion of AGS cells in G0/G1 phase increased compared with that of the control group while the proportion of the cells in S phase decreased significantly (P <0.05).Western blot showed after treatment with DHA for 24 h and 48 h,compared with control group,the expressions of mitochondrial respiratory membrane protein complex Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅴ were obviously decreased.The longer effect of DHA,the lower expression of membrane protein complex (P <0.05).DHA had little effect on cell proliferation,morphology or mitochondrial membrane protein complex in HMEC-1 (P >0.05).Conclusion ω-3 PUFAs can selectively inhibit the growth and proliferation of human gastric cancer cell line AGS.These effects may be as-sociated with arresting cell cycle in G0/G1 phase and inhibiting the energy metabolism of AGS cells.

Objective To evaluate value of narrow band imaging(NBI) endoscopy for children with abdominal Henoch?Schonlein purpura ( HSP ) . Methods A total of 46 patients with abdominal HSP were enrolled into the observation group(NBI intervention) from November 2010 to February 2016.Diagnostic rates of white light and NBI endoscopy in abdominal HSP patients, IgA positive rates of targeted biopsies and severe complications were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 25 abdominal HSP patients with no NBI intervention admitted from 2007 to 2009 were randomly enrolled into control group. Data of the control group were compared with those of observation group. Results In observation group, the diagnostic rate under NBI was significantly higher than that under white?light endoscopy[91. 3%(42/46)VS 67. 4%(31/46),χ2=8. 02,P<0. 05]. IgA positive rates of targeted biopsies under NBI was significantly higher than that under white?light endoscopy [ 95. 7%( 88/92 ) VS 69. 6%( 64/92 ) ,χ2 = 21. 79, P<0. 05 ] . Three patients developed such serious complications as digestive hemorrhage as predicted. Compared with control group, abdominal pain and blood stool relief time (10. 96±5. 32 d VS 19. 68±4. 29 d,t=7. 50,P<0. 01), fasting time(10. 37±5. 42 d VS 8. 80± 3. 71 d,t=7. 73,P<0. 01), hospital stay (18. 80±7. 11 d VS 23. 12±4. 36 d, t=3. 16,P<0. 01), time of stool occult blood negative ( 11. 41 ± 6. 30 d VS 19. 12 ± 4. 09 d, t=6. 22, P<0. 01 ) in observation group were significantly shortened. Conclusion NBI endoscopy is valuable for improving the diagnostic accuracy and biopsy accuracy and complication prediction of abdominal Henoch?Schonlein purpura in children.

Objective To investigate the expression of PTTG and VEGF-C in laryngeal carcinoma and the effect of angiogene-sis .Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of PTTG 、VEGF-C and LMVD in 60 cases of laryngeal car-cinoma and 32 cases of para-carcinoma tissue .D2 40 positive products was used to locate lymphatic endothelial cell cytoplasm and cell membrane ,and count lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD) .Results The expression of PTTG and VEGF-C in laryngeal car-cinoma was significantly higher than that in para-carcinoma tissue(P<0 .05) .In laryngeal carcinoma ,the expression of PTTG and VEGF-C were associated with differentiation ,lymph node metastasis and clinical stage(P<0 .05) ,but independent of clinical classi-fication ,smoking history ,tumor′size ,sex and gender(P>0 .05) .The expression of LMVD in laryngeal carcinoma was significantly higher than that in para-carcinoma tissue(P<0 .05) .The expression of LMVD was associated with lymph node metastasis (P<0 .05) ,but independent of differentiation ,clinical classification ,clinical stage smoking history ,tumor′size ,sex and gender ( P>0 .05) .A significantly positive relation was found between PTTG and VEGF-C(P<0 .05) .And there were positive relation between PTTG and LMVD、VEGF-C and LMVD(P<0 .05) .Conclusion PTTG and VEGF-C might play an important role in the carcino-genesis and development of laryngeal carcinoma .PTTG and VEGF-C could be a prognostic factor of colorectal cancer and a new tar-get of gene therapy .