OBJECTIVE:To prepare Ibuprofen lysine sustained-release liquid suppository,and conduct the evaluation in vivo and in vitro. METHODS:Ibuprofen lysine sustained-release liquid suppository was prepared by using Poloxamer solution as main matrix,carbomer as bioadhesive agent,laurocapram as penetrant. The ratios of poloxamer 407(P407)-poloxamer 188(P188)and carbomer content were screened by using gel temperature,gel intensity,biological adhesion and release rate in vitro as indexes, and the concentration-time curves and pharmacokinetic parameters of prepared liquid suppository and common solid suppository af-ter rectal administration in Beagle dogs in vivo were compared. RESULTS:When the P407-P188 ratio was 1:1.2,the gel tempera-ture of sustained-release liquid suppository was 30.4-38.1 ℃,which was the nearest to the rectal temperature;when the content of carbomer was 0.8%,the in vitro release of sustained-release liquid suppository was in zero-order model,with favorable correlation (R2=0.996). The tmax of common solid suppository was 3.206 h,then plasma concentration decreased significantly,release time did not exceed 12 h,AUC0-∞ was 501.826 mg·h/L;tmax of sustained-release liquid suppository was 8.814 h,then plasma concentration decreased,release time exceeded 24 h,AUC0-∞ was 715.489 mg·h/L. CONCLUSIONS:Ibuprofen lysine sustained-release liquid suppository is successfully prepared,which shows better sustained-release effect and excellent correlation in vivo and in vitro than common solid suppository.

Aim To explore the inhibitory effects and immunoregulatory activity of the extract from Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker (EFP) on the growth of liver cancer H22 in mice.Methods The chemical composition of extract from Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker(EFP)was separated with water extraction methods.The tumor bearing mouse model was constructed by injecting tumor cells subcutaneously.The EFP was given to the mouse by oral and hypodermic injection to observe its antitumor activity and immunoregulatory activity in vivo.The antibody level of anti-H22 in serum was measured with ELISA methods.The weight,tumor weight,spleen index,liver index were noted,and series of enzymes,such as,MDA,SOD,GPT and GOT activity of mouse serum and liver were measured.Results The extracts from Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker markedly inhibited the proliferation of tumor H22.The EFP constituent purified might be the main antitumor active part of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker as shown by antitumor test in vitro.After treatment with EFP,the general condition of the test mice was much better than that of control mice,with spleen index,liver index increasing more obviously,antibody level of anti-H22,and MDA,SOD,GPT and GOT activity increasing more,and tumor growing more slowly.Conclusion EFP may be the main antitumor active part of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker. EFP also has antitumor effect in vivo.EFP can exert antitumor effect in vivo by enhancing antibody level of anti-H22 and the series enzymes to be related to immunity activity.

Objective:To evaluate the cumulative dose of the target volume and organs at risk (OARs) in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for large volume non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on rigid and deformation registration methods. The dosimetric changes between the initial and second treatment plans were compared.Methods:Thirty patients treated with IMRT for large volume NSCLC with twice 4DCT scans acquired before radiotherapy and after 20 fractions of radiotherapy were recruited. The initial treatment plan (Plan 1) based on the average density projection CT (CT 1-avg) of the first 4DCT images and the second treatment plan (Plan 2) based on the average density projection CT (CT 2-avg) of the second 4DCT images were calculated. Then, the dose distributions of Plan 1 and Plan 2 were accumulated based on rigid and deformation registration methods to obtain Planrig and Plandef, respectively. Finally, the volume changes of gross tumor volume (GTV) and OARs between two CT scans were compared. The dose-volume parameters between Plan 1 and other plans (including Plan 2, Planrig and Plandef) were also statistically compared. Results:Compared with the initial CT scan, the mean volume of GTV and heart on the second CT was decreased by 44.2% and 5.5%, respectively, while the mean volume of ipsilateral lung, contralateral lung and total lung was increased by 5.2%, 6.2% and 5.8%, respectively (all P<0.05). Compared with Plan 1, the D 95%, D 98% and V 100% of target volume IGTV (GTV fusion of 10 4DCT phases) and PTV in Plan 2 did not significantly change (all P>0.05), and those in Planrig and Plandef were decreased (all P<0.05). The dose-volume parameters of spinal-cord, heart, ipsilateral lung and total lung in Plan 2, Planrig and Plandef were significantly lower than those in Plan 1(all P<0.05). Among them, the V 30Gy and D mean of heart were decreased by 27.3%, 16.5%, 15.3% and 15.2%, 6.6%, 5.6%, respectively. The V 20Gy and D mean of total lung were decreased by 15.6%, 4.5%, 3.7% and 15.7%, 6.2%, 5.1%, respectively. Some dose-volume parameters (including D 95% and D 98% of target volume, V 40Gy of heart, V 20Gy and D mean of the ipsilateral lung and the total lung) of Plandef were higher than those in Planrig (all P<0.05). The Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) of OARs after deformation registration were significantly higher than those after rigid registration ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The dose-volume parameters of OARs significantly differ between Plan 1 and Plan 2. Hence, all these parameters have a large degree of deviation in predicting radiation-induced injury of OARs. Nevertheless, the dose-volume parameters obtained by deformation registration can enhance the prediction accuracy.

Objective To establish a Real-time quantitative PCR method (qPCR) for the detection of diatom UPA barcoding genes and evaluate its application in the drowning diagnosis. Methods The homologous sequences of diatoms UPA gene was obtained by Blast from GeneBank, based on which the universal primers for diatoms were designed. DNA were extracted from 2 common human symbiotic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bifidobacterium longum), 3 species of planktonic bacteria, 15 species of planktonic algae, tissue samples (lung, liver and kidney) from human cadavers (28 drowning victims, 1 victims by non-drowning in the water, 3 victims deaths on land) in 32 cases. The specificity, sensitivity and repeatability of the designed primers were tested. The positive rates of diatoms detection in the drowning cases were calculated. The results of the real-time quantitative method were evaluated comparatively by Microwave Digestion-Vacuum Filtration-Automated Scanning Electron Microscopy (MD-VF-Auto SEM) and PCR-Capillary Electrophoresis (PCR-CE). Results The results showed that the primers UPA99 had strong specificity for the diatomaceae (Synedra radians, Navicula sp., Melosira varians, Cyclotella sp. and Nitzschia sp.) DNA. The melting curve of the amplified product was smooth; the peak was narrow; the melting temperature was (87±1)℃. The sensitivity of qPCR method was 1.56×10-5ng/μL with the detection range of 1.56×102ng/mL~1.56×10-5ng/μL, in contrast with the PCR-CE method (1.56×10-3ng/μL). This real-time PCR method showed high repeatability and stability with the coefficient of variation less than 2%. The detection rate of lung, liver and kidney was 89.3%, 71.4% and 64.3% respectively. Conclusion The established qPCR method, based on the universal primers designed for diatom UPA gene, has high specificity, high sensitivity and good repeatability. With a promising prospect for application, qPCR is suitable for drowning diagnosis.

Objective:To provide a feasible method for the evaluation of cardiac function based on cardiac gated 4DCT, the radiomics technology combined with enhanced ECG gated 4DCT images were used to quantitatively analyze the changes of left ventricular CT radiomics characteristics in cardiac cycle.Methods:The enhanced ECG 4DCT images of 14 patients were reconstructed at intervals of 5% of cardiac cycle. The left ventricular muscle (LVM) and the contrast agent well filled area of left ventricular were delineated with a 13 mm diameter sphere (Cardiac Region of Interest, cardiac ROI) in a single phase. 3Dslicer software was used to extract 92 features of all the sketches, analyze the distribution of CT values on the cardiac ROI and LVM, and preliminarily screen the stable features based on the cardiac ROI (one-way ANOVA). The stable features were used to further screen LVM (one-way ANOVA) to get the difference features. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to analyze the change of characteristics with heartbeat in the heartbeat cycle.Results:In the heartbeat cycle the mean CT values of cardiac cavity ROI in cardiac cavity changed less than that in LVM, with the change rates of 9.23% and 17.88%, respectively. There were 36 stable features with no significant difference in cardiac cavity ROI ( P>0.05). 20 of them were statistically significant ( F=1.641-6.206, P<0.05), and the average change rate was 98.63%, such as median (-103.96%) and mean (123.67%) of the first order matrix, gray level non uniformity (99.81%) of GLDM matrix and other changes reached more than 99%. The differences between the maximum and minimum values in different cardiac cycles were statistically significant ( Z=-3.921--3.173, P<0.05). Conclusions:With the combination of radiomics and enhanced ECG 4DCT image, the microscopic changes of CT image features in the cardiac cycle can be amplifed. A new method for the assessment of left ventricular function changes was provided. The features such as median, mean may have more application potential.

For the past several decades, the infectious disease profile in China has been shifting with rapid developments in social and economic aspects, environment, quality of food, water, housing, and public health infrastructure. Notably, 5 notifiable infectious diseases have been almost eradicated, and the incidence of 18 additional notifiable infectious diseases has been significantly reduced. Unexpectedly, the incidence of over 10 notifiable infectious diseases, including HIV, brucellosis, syphilis, and dengue fever, has been increasing. Nevertheless, frequent infectious disease outbreaks/events have been reported almost every year, and imported infectious diseases have increased since 2015. New pathogens and over 100 new genotypes or serotypes of known pathogens have been identified. Some infectious diseases seem to be exacerbated by various factors, including rapid urbanization, large numbers of migrant workers, changes in climate, ecology, and policies, such as returning farmland to forests. This review summarizes the current experiences and lessons from China in managing emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, especially the effects of ecology, climate, and behavior, which should have merits in helping other countries to control and prevent infectious diseases.
Behavior ; China ; epidemiology ; Climate ; Communicable Diseases ; classification ; epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Ecology ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Incidence

In order to strengthen the supervision of the use of drugs in hospitals，the Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences· Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital took the lead in compiling the Principles for the Rational Use of National Key Monitoring Drugs （the Second Batch） with a number of experts from multiple medical units in accordance with the Second Batch of National Key Monitoring Rational Drug Use List （hereinafter referred to as “the List”） issued by the National Health Commission. According to the method of the WHO Guidelines Development Manual， the writing team used the Delphi method to unify expert opinions by reading and summarizing the domestic and foreign literature evidence of related drugs， and applied the evaluation， formulation and evaluation method of recommendation grading （GRADE） to evaluate the quality of evidence formed， focusing on more than 30 drugs in the List about the evaluation of off-label indications of drugs， key points of rational drug use and key points of pharmaceutical monitoring. It aims to promote the scientific standardization and effective management of clinical medication， further improve the quality of medical services， reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions and drug abuse， promote rational drug use， and improve public health.