Objective:To compare the neonatal end tidal carbon dioxide pressure(PetCO 2) and its correlation with arterial carbon dioxide pressure(PaCO 2) monitored by non-invasive mask, accessory flow nasal catheter and invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods:From October 2017 to January 2020, 53 cases of newborn who were needed respiratory support treatment in our hospital were selected.PetCO 2was detected at admission, respiratory support and after weaning, including nasal catheter, non wound mask and invasive ventilation, and at the same time matching analysis of the corresponding with PaCO 2artery blood gas analysis. Results:(1) PetCO 2monitored by mask was lower than PaCO 2[(40.41 ± 10.21) mmHg vs.(42.85 ± 10.32) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), t=11.88, P<0.01], and there was a significant positive correlation between PetCO 2and PaCO 2( r=0.97, P<0.01); the mean bias of PetCO 2monitored by mask was(1.20 ± 2.31) mmHg, only 4.5%(5/110) was outside the 95% confidence interval.(2) PetCO 2monitored by nasal catheter was also lower than the mean PaCO 2[(40.93 ± 10.55) mmHg vs.(42.01 ± 10.50) mmHg, t=4.12, P<0.01], showing a significant positive correlation( r=0.96, P<0.01); the mean bias of PetCO 2monitored by nasal catheter was(2.44 ± 2.56) mmHg, and only 4.6%(7/150) was beyond the 95% confidence interval.(3) PetCO 2of neonates with endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation was also lower than PaCO 2[(43.33±10.26) mmHg vs. (49.37±11.34) mmHg, t=13.83, P<0.01], and there was also a significant positive correlation between the two groups, which was lower than that of neonates with non-invasive ventilation( r=0.94, P<0.01). The mean PetCO 2bias for neonates with invasive positive pressure ventilation was(0.90±0.82) mmHg, and only 3.9%(2/51) were outside the 95% confidence interval.(4) According to gestational age, the PetCO 2of early and late preterm infants was(37.25±11.32) mmHg and(39.58±10.37) mmHg, respectively, which were lower than that of full-term infants[(42.69±10.66) mmHg], and there was a positive correlation between PetCO 2and PaCO 2in all three groups.The correlation between PetCO 2and PaCO 2in early preterm infants was the lowest among the three groups( r=0.89, P<0.01). Conclusion:The monitoring of PetCO 2through nasal catheter, mask and invasive ventilation has a good correlation and consistency with the level of PaCO 2in neonates, which can accurately reflect the level of PaCO 2in neonates.The correlation between PetCO 2and PaCO 2in neonates with non-invasive ventilation is better than that in neonates with invasive ventilation.The correlation between PetCO 2and PaCO 2in late preterm infants and term infants is better than that in early preterm infants.

AIM:To assess the protective role of melatonin(MEL)in a rat model of oleic-induced acute lung injury.METHODS:Twenty-four rats were randomly allocated to three groups as follows:saline(NS)injection group,oleic acid(OA)injection group and MEL plus OA injection group,the lavage protein,lung wet-to-dry weight ratio,malondialdehyde(MDA)content,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and lung histopathology were examined.RESULTS:(1)Injection 0.15 mL/kg of OA led to a severe acute lung injury(ALI),characterized by significantly increasing in lavage protein,lung coefficient(P＜0.01),and by histopathological alterations which presented hemorrhage,edema.thickened alveolar septum and the existence of inflammatory cells in alveolar spaces;(2)Infusion of MEL(20 mg/kg,intraperitoneally for 60 min before the oleic acid)markedly alleviated above-mentioned symptom induced by OA,consistent with decrease of MDA level(P＜0.01) and the increase of SOD activty(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:Pre-treatment with MEL can attenuate the OA -induced ALI in rats via cleaning and preventing the formation of free radicals and further lessening the increase of alveolocapillary membrane permeability,these data suggest that MEL may be effective in the prevention of ALI.

Abstract: Objective To analyze the causes of foodborne illness outbreaks in Inner Mongolia, so as to provide reference for understanding systemic risks and formulating prevention and control measures. Methods Data on foodborne disease outbreaks in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2016 to 2021 were collected through the "Foodborne Disease Outbreak Monitoring System" for attribution analysis. Results A total of 591 outbreak events were included from 2016 to 2021. Single -dimensional attribution analysis showed that the main causes of foodborne disease outbreaks in this region were vegetables and vegetable products, and meat and meat products, respectively accounting for 20.5% (121/591) and 12.6% (75/591) of the total events. leading contributing factor was improper processing, accounting for 16.2%(96/591), and the main pathogenic factor was toxic plants and their toxins, accounting for 14.9%(88/591). Multi-dimensional attribution analysis showed that the highest number of outbreak events occurred in summer, with 290 cases accounting for 49.1% (290/591) of the total number of events. The eastern, central, and western regions also had the highest number of events in summer, accounting for 53.6% (180/336), 39.5% (60/152), and 48.5% (50/103) of the total number of events in this region, respectively. Among vegetables and vegetable products, improper processing led to the majority of outbreaks caused by toxic plants and their toxins, accounting for 58.7% (71/121) of total events. For meat and meat products, improper storage resulting in the most outbreaks of biological pollution, accounting for 16.0%(12/75) of the total number of meat and meat product incidents. Majorities of death cases were primarily due to accidental ingestion or misuse of non-food items (such as poisonous mushrooms), comprising 38.5% (5/13) of total deaths. Conclusions The main food, triggering factors, and pathogenic factors involved in the outbreak of foodborne diseases in this region are relatively routine and controllable. Therefore, efforts should be made to strengthen public food safety education to reduce the occurrence of foodborne diseases.

Objective:To investigate the standardized training needs of new nurses in Yunnan province and provide scientific basis for the formulation of standardized training programs for new nurses.Methods:From December 2019 to September 2020, nurses from all 5 provincial tertiary Class A hospitals in Yunnan Province were selected as the research objects. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 712 nurses selected by the convenience sampling method, among which 456 were new nurses and 256 were senior nurses. The questionnaire was designed by the research team based on the Training Outline for Newly Recruited Nurses, which mainly included three dimensions of knowledge, skills and attitude.Results:The total score of new nurses and senior nurses on standardized training requirements for new nurses were (575.32 ± 85.76) points and (583.16 ± 86.32) points, which were above the average level. There was no statistically significant difference between the scores of training theme needs of new nurses and those of senior nurses ( t value was -1.168, P>0.05). Conclusions:The total score of standardized training needs of new nurses is above the average level, and the demand for knowledge dimension in standardized training of new nurses is the strongest. It is suggested to develop a systematic and scientific standardized training plan for new nurses according to the training needs and training methods.