China ; epidemiology ; Education, Medical, Continuing ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Vaccination

0.05) . The success rate of insertion at first attempt was similar (95%) in both groups. PLMA was placed in the correct position in 87.5% of the patients. The changes in BP and HR and the extubation or PLMA removal response were less in the PLMA group. Significantly less patients in PLMA group complained about sore throat after operation (P

Background It is widely appreciated that many animal cells rely on the mechanism of regulatory volume decrease (RVD) after swell under the hypotonic environment,which involved in some processes of cellular physiology.But the RVD of lens epithelial cells(LECs) still is being further researched.Objective Present study was to clarify the possible mechanisms and influencing factors in the RVD of LECs.Methods Human LECs line (HLE B-3)were cultured and passaged in DMEM/F12 containing 10％ fetal bovine serum(FBS),and before volume measurement,cells were stuck to the base of a perfusion chamber,Ringer solution osmolality was decreased from 15％Hypo to 45％ Hypo,and the cells stimulated by 45％ Hypo Ringer solution were used as the control group.Some experiments were performed in the presence of high extracellular K+ concentration,chloride or potassium channel inhibitor,experiments were also carried out in the nominal absence of Ca2+,Cl-or HCO-3 to test the effect of a decrease in intracellular concentration of these ions on the cell volume response.The volume changes of living cells were measured by lag-time microphotograph acquisition and analysis system (IPP6.0).Results Time course of cell volume change after hypotonic shock in HLE B-3 cells was observed.The cell swelling was followed by a gradual volume recovery,indicating the presence of RVD was influenced by the hypotonic stress.Under the stimulation of 45 ％Hypo Ringer solution,the rates of RVD were (59.1 ±7.8)％.RVD was correlated positively to the maximum cell volume (r =0.99,P＜0.05)in S shape,and RVD changes were sensitive to alter maximum cell volume in the range of 115％-135％.RVD reduced to (16.5 ± 1.6) ％,(14.7 ± 2.3) ％,respectively after acted by potassium channel inhibitor,TEA(10 mmol/L)and BaCl2(5 mmol/L)as well as chloride channel inhibitor,NPPB(100 μmol/L)and DIDS(100 μmol/L),with significant differences in comparison with the control group(all P＜0.01).RVD decreased by(5.8±1.6)％ and(2.7±0.8)％ in high concentration of K+ in extracellular fluid and the absence of Cl-(P＜0.01).RVD was significantly inhibited under the absence of Ca2+.When the 45％ Ringer solution was pH6.8,the process of RVD delayed.The rate of RVD in the first ten minutes was (0.86±0.24)％/min,showing a significant decline in comparison with (3.24±0.84) ％ / min of pH 7.4 (P ＜0.05).Conclusions HLE B-3 have RVD ability under the hypotonic stress stimulation.A certain intracellular Ca2+ concentration is the premise of RVD activation,and Cl efflux and K+ efflux are the key mechanism of RVD of HLE B-3.Acidic environment of hypotonic solution delays the occurrence of RVD.

The study of neuronal activity with low frequency has shown an increasing interest for its greater stability and reliability recent years. One challenge in analyzing this kind of activity is to find similarities and differences between signals efficiently and effectively. The traditional analysis methods, such as short-time Fourier transform, are easily obscured by background noises and often involve a large number of parameters. Therefore, this paper introduces a novel time-frequency analysis method based on wavelet transformation and half-ellipsoid modeling to extract instantaneous frequency and instantaneous phase information. This method overcomes some shortcomings of conventional time-frequency analysis. In this method, wavelet transformation is used to provide high-level representations of raw signals, and parsimonious half-ellipsoid models are used to extract changes in time domain and frequency domain of neural recordings. The method was validated to local field potentials (LFPs) of olfactory bulb of anesthetized rats during three different odor stimuli. The results suggested that this method could detect odor-relevant features from olfactory signals with large variability. The Odors then were classified with support vector machine (SVM) algorithm and the classification accuracy reached 79.4%.
Algorithms ; Animals ; Evoked Potentials ; Fourier Analysis ; Odorants ; analysis ; Olfactory Bulb ; physiology ; Rats ; Reproducibility of Results ; Smell ; physiology ; Support Vector Machine ; Wavelet Analysis

The controversial results of several studies suggest that certain everyday-use chemicals may be linked to breast cancer. ln recent years, extensive researches have been carried out to under-stand breast carcinogenesis and the hedgehog(Hh) signaling pathway has emerged as a critical determi-nant of human breast cancer. Aberrant Hh signaling in adults results in carcinogenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. This review is focused on the Hh signaling pathway and chemicals in the regulation of breast cancer development and provide an updated survey of pre-clinical and clinical trials of novel strategies to target them.

Objective To evaluate regenerative nerve and functional recovery of target muscle in rats with sciatic nerve defect bridged by acellular nerve allograft made through chemical extraction.Methods Sciatic nerve of SD rats was processed in a volume fraction of 3％ Triton X-lO0 solution and 40 g/L sodium deoxycholate solution.Morphology of myelin sheath,axons and basal lamina tubes of sciatic nerve segments was observed under the light microscopy before and after the chemical processing.Twenty-five Wistar rats were divided into acellular nerve allograft group (n =10),autograft group (n =10) and normal control group(n =5) according to the random number table.A 1 cm sciatic nerve defect was created in acellular nerve allograft group and autograft group,and was respectively bridged by acellular nerve allograft and autograft.Sciatic nerve function index (SFI) was measured every two weeks.Twelve weeks after surgery,nerve conduction velocity (NCV),recovery rate of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and recovery rate of muscle force were measured in each group.Results Cellular components including myelin sheath and axons were removed thoroughly,but the basal lamina tubes were preserved completely.At postoperative 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 weeks,SFI in normal control group (-1.7±5.9,-0.3 ±2.5,0.8 ±4.1,-1.4±3.6,-2.5 ±5.7 and-2.1±3.2) was superior over autograft group (-94.3±3.7,-90.1±4.1,-63.7±7.8,-51.9±8.2,-48.8±8.6 and -44.3 ± 10.5) and acellular nerve allograft group (-97.1 ± 5.3,-91.2 ± 6.1,-70.6 ± 5.5,-60.4±6.2,-58.2 ±10.2 and-56.4 ±8.0) (P ＜0.01).At postoperative 6,8,10 and 12 weeks,SFI in autograft group were better than those in acellular nerve allograft group (P ＜0.05).NCV [(61.6 ± 8.1) m/s],recovery rate of CMAP[(98.7 ± 5.9) ％] and recovery rate of muscle force [(101.8 ± 6.6) ％] in normal control group were higher than those in acellular nerve allograft group [(22.3 ± 4.7) m/s,(40.3 ± 9.2) ％ and (43.8 ± 9.3) ％] and those in autograft group [(29.0 ±5.5) m/s,(52.5 ± 10.6) ％ and (54.3 ± 10.5) ％] (P ＜ 0.01).NCV,recovery rate of CMAP and recovery rate of muscle force in autograft group were better than those in acellular nerve allograft group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Acellular nerve segments are harvested satisfactorily by chemical extraction.Sciatic nerve defect in rats can be cured with the acellular nerve allograft,but the repair effect of autograft is relatively better.

Objective By detecting microsatellite instability(MSI) and loss of heterozygosity(LOH) in FHIT gene in sputum specimen,we intended to evaluate the sensitivity of FHIT gene detection to early diagnosis of lung cancer and explore effective method to screen lung cancer.Methods Based on liquid-based cytology,we collected and isolated sputum specimens in high risk group,abstracted DNA,and detected MSI and LOH in FHIT gene.Results The positive rate of MSI or LOH at single locus was between 41.6% and 49.5%;the site D3S1300 was the highest and it was 49.5%.At least 1 site out of 3 sites that had abnormal microsatellite accounted for 72.3% in lung cancer patients,two sites that appeared to change accounted for 45.5%,which was significantly different compared to non-lung cancer patients(P

Objective To observe the effect of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder on sugar tolerance and intestinal flora of diabetes rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Methods The diabetes model rats (divided into 2 groups: the therapy group and the control) were intragastric administration with equal volume of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder and distilled water for 10 weeks, respectively. Then the blood glucose level and intestinal flora amount were tested. Results The abnormal sugar tolerance of therapy group rats returned to normal and the amount of Bacillus bifidus in intestinal flora also recovered. There were significant differences compared with control. Conclusion Canoderma lucidum spore powder can decrease blood sugar level and adjusts intestinal flora amount of experiment rats.

JB25 and JB26 are new HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and show potent anti-HIV activities. Sequential passage experiments with wild-type virus were performed to select and identify mutations induced by these two compounds in vitro. For the initial passage, compounds were present at approximately 2-fold IC50 in MT-2 cells. When cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed in more than 75% of the cells, the culture supernatants were collected. For the subsequent passages, fresh MT-2 cells were infected with 1 mL supernatants from the previous passage (regardless of the virus titer) and cultured in the presence of the compounds at concentrations that were increased 2-fold compared with that in the previous passage. This procedure was repeated with increasing concentrations for 12 passages. JB25 had amino acid substitution L100I (TTA-->ATA) at passage 6, and then changed into 100 M (ATA-->ATG) at passage 12, which was rare mutation form and had not been reported. At the same time, Y188C (TAT-->TGT) mutation appeared at passage 10. For JB26, there was a L100I (TTA-->ATA) mutation at passage 10. In a word, JB25 and JB26 showed a low genetic barrier to the development of resistance, and the resistance to JB26 developed slower than JB25. The mutations selected by JB25 and JB26 were mainly associated with codons 188 and 100 of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.

Objective To investigate the effects of Xuebijing on the regulations of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) 、von Wilebrand factor(vWF)、interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the treatment effectiveness in pulmonary contusion patients.Methods Fifty-one pulmonary contusion patients admitted into the hospital from January 2010 to January 2012 were enrolled in the study and were randomly divided into two groups (treatment group and control group).The levels of the TNF-α、vWF 、IL-6 in the pulmonary contusion patients were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to investigate the change of the inflammatory cytokines and the treatment effectiveness in treatment group and control group.Results The hospitalization time of treatment group and control group was (19.83 ± 2.35) d,(21.52 ± 2.73) d respectively,the hospitalization time of the treatment group was significantly shorter than the control group,the difference was statistically significant (t =2.38,P ＜0.05) ;The incidence of ARDS was 14.81％ and 41.67％ respectively,the incidence of ARDS of the treatment group was significantly lower,the difference was statistically significant (x2 =4.6,P ＜ 0.05) ;The inflammatory mediators index of the two groups showed as follws:the first day of the TNF-α(181.35 ± 14.25) ng/L,(179.17 ± 16.28) ng/L,the third day of the TNF-α(169.21 ± 16.42) ng/L,(179.18 ± 17.31) ng/L,the fifth day of the TNF-α(131.78 ± 13.02) ng/L,(140.84 ± 14.27) ng/L,the seventh day of the TNF-α (99.45 ± 16.02)ng/L,(110.56 ± 17.09) ng/L;The first day of the vWF (178.73 ± 22.09) ng/L,(177.73 ± 23.02) ng/L,the third day of the vWF (208.46 ± 14.13) ng/L,(220.53 ± 23.02) ng/L,the fifth day of the vWF (252.32 ±15.22) ng/L,(266.40 ±25.79) ng/L,the seventh day of the vWF(201.49 ±9.21) ng/L,(217.27 ±22.68)ng/L;The first day of the IL-6 (172.14 ± 12.41) ng/L,(169.53 ± 13.55) ng/L,the third day of the IL-6 (147.24 ± 16.33) ng/L,(158.41 ±21.04) ng/L,the fifth day of the IL-6(126.36 ± 11.37) ng/L,(137.21 ± 21.23) ng/L,the seventh day of the IL-6 (114.03 ± 10.26) ng/L,(122.16 ± 13.59) ng/L,the differences within the group and between the two groups were significant(within the group:F =206.58,218.57,198.35 respectively,P ＜ 0.01 ;between the groups:F =19.053,17.259,17.235 respectively,P ＜ 0.01).And in the third,fifth and seventh day,3 indicators of treatment groups were lower than the control group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Xuebijing can inhibit inflammatory transmitters,relieve inflammatory reactions,decrease the rate of ARDS incidence,shorten the hospitalization time and help to improve the prognosis of the patients with acute pulmonary contusion.