A new type of amperometric immunosensor for the determination of naphthalene based on self-assemble) layer-by-layer technique was reported. The preparation procedure of such a sensor was characterized and the operation conditions, such as the pH value of supporting solution, incubated temperature and time were studied by cyclic voltammetry. Under the optimized working conditions, the current response of the immunosensor) was proportional to the concentration of naphthalene in the range of 0.5-100 μg/L with a detection) limit of 0.08 μg/L(r=0.9986). This method was applied to the naphthalene detection in river) water) samples and the recovery was ranging in 94.3%-107.0%. The reported immunosensor exhibited high sensitivity and long-term stability for naphthalene detection, and was easy to be prepared and regenerated.

Atherosclerosis results from the interaction of multiple factors including lipoprotein metabolism, inflammatory factors, monocyte/macrophage adhesion,platelet tactivation, gene abnormalities etc.This paper reviews the current status problems and prospects of biomarkers related to atherosclerosis such as lipoproteins and lipoprotein metabolism associated markers , inflammation markers , coagulationand genetic markers.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of entecavir combined with oxymatrine in the treatment of patients with hepatitis B.Methods 74 patients with hepatitis B were randomly divided into two groups.The treatment group(40 cases) were given entecavir 0.5mg daily,oxymatine 600mg,intravenous daily.The control group (34 cases) were given entercavir 0.5mg daily.The HBeAg and Anti-HBe negative conversion rates,the HBV-DNA negative conversion rate and the ALT normalization rate after 1,3,6,9,12 months in treatment period and 6,12months in follow-up period were observed.Results After 1,3,6,9,12 months in treatment period and 6,12 months in follow-up period,the HBeAg and Anti-HBe negative conversion rates of the treatment group was 32.5％,45.0％,60.0％,60.0％,62.5％,62.5％ and 62.5％,while that of the control group was 5.9％,5.9％,8.8％,11.8％,11.8％,11.8％ and 11.8％,there was significant difference between them( x2 =5.46,12.83,25.22,21.68,24.79,24.79,24.79,all P ＜0.05).The ALT normalization rate of the treatment groups was 45.0％,67.5％,87.5％,90.0％,90.0％,90.0％ and 90.0％,while that of the control group was 20.6％,32.4％,41.2％,50.0％,52.9％,52.9％ and 52.9％,there was significantly difference between them ( x2 =4.60,10.36,20.67,14.47,12.08,12.08,12.08,all P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Entecavir combined with oxymatrine in the treatment of patients with hepatitis B had a synergistic antiviral effect,high security and simple treatment.It was worthy to promote.

Objective To explore the role of probiotics in the prevention of diarrhea in critically ill patients.Methods The patients receiving enteral nutrition from May 2009 to September 2010 in the Respiratory Intensive Care Unit were divided into routine feeding group (control group,n =38) and probiotic yogurt feeding group (yogury group,n =42).The control group accepted routine enteral nutrition liquid (Nutrison),while the yogurt group accepted conventional feeding plus probiotic yogurt.The incidence of dianhea,length of hospital stay,and other indicators were compared between these two groups.Results The incidence of diarrhea was lower in the yogurt group on the 5th,6th,and 7th days (P＜0.05).The cases of positive stool bacterial and fungal culture results in the yogurt group were less than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the hospital stay was shorter [(13.17±3.79) d vs.(15.18±4.39) d,P=0.031],the cost was lower [(6307±2358) yuan vs.(8253±3186) yuan,P =0.002],and the satisfaction of the patients were higher in the yogurt group.Conclusion Probiotics may reduce the occurrence of diarrhea associated with enteral nutrition in critically ill patients.

The purpose of this study is to. investigate the pathologic changes of stress cardiomyopathy in ex-perimental rats. The results revealed some changes including myocardial fibers band necrosis by HE stain, early myocardium ischaemic changes by HBFP stain, Ca++overload of myocardial cells by GBHA stain. These methods are important for diagnosis of stress cardiomyopathy and early myocardial ischaemia.

Using the prime b(special to M. tuberculosis) to amplify 21 mycobacterium and 13 nonmycobacterium, the products amplified were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. The sensitivity was 50fg at annealing temperature 61℃,and only M. tuberculosis, M. gastri were amplified, those results showed: the clinical isolated mycobacterium can be differentiated and detected quickly and efficiently by using the prime b(using the prime a when necessary) to amplify 16S～23S rDNA spacer sequence of mycobacterium.

Objective Improve sugar coating and finished product stability to be fit for users. Method Adopt new technology of film coating to substitute for sugar coating. Result The finished products which adopt the film coating technology are better to resolve original questions there are some spots on finished products surface and are not fit for some people to use. Reduce dosage of anti-activities and shorten disintegration time, improve products quantity and stability. Conclusion The film coating method is simple and ideal, which is good for application.

China ; Hepatitis A ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Immunization ; methods

BACKGROUND:Posterior antebrachial skin is beneficial for repairing injury of dorsum,however,the systematic anatomic characteristics of distally based compound flap pedicled with nutrient vessels need to be further studied.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the anatomic characteristics of distally based flap pedicled with nutrient vessels of the posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve and compound flap.DESIGN:Single sample observation.SETTING:Research Center for Clinical Anatomy,Military Institute of Orthopaedics,Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS:The experiment was carried out at the laboratory for Research Center for Clinical Anatomy,Military Institute of Orthopaedics,Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from October to December 2004.A total of 30 upper limbs of adult cadavers perfused with red latex through arteries were provided by Research Center for Clinical Anatomy,Military Institute of Orthopaedics,Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.METHODS:All 30 adults upper limbs were dissected and observed under the microscope based on the pivot point of styloid process of ulna and radius.The following microdissection was emphasized:The origins,branches,distribution and anastomosis of nutrient vessels of the posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve;The blood supply relationship of nutrient vessels of posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve and vicinal bone and skin.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The ordgins and branches of nutrient vessels of posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve,and whose blood supply relationship with vicinal bone and skin.RESULTS:The origin of nutrient vessels of posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve were as follows:Proximal part:2-6cutaneous perforators of radial collateral artery,with an outer diameter of (0.6±0.3) mm;Distal part:3-5 cutaneous perforators of dorsal carpal branch of anterior interosseous artery,with an outer diameter of (0.8±0.2) mm;Others:6-9cutaneous perforators of posterior nterosseous artery,with an outer diameter of (0.7±0.3) mm.Posterior interosseous artery sent out 6-8 muscle- periosteum branches with an outer diameter of (0.3-1.0) mm,which distribute on ulnar periosteum;Radial bone-skin perforators of posterior interosseous artery anastomosed with periosteal vessels of mid-inferior bare area of radial bone.All above mentioned cutaneous perforators gave off cutaneous branches,fascia branches,periosteal branches and nerve-nutrient vascular branches,all of which formed a vascular chain of cutaneous nervous stem and vascular networks of deep fascia,superficial fascia and periosteum.CONCLUSION:The nutrient vessels of posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve have the same origins as the vicinal bone-skin nutrient vessels,and the rotation point of its distally based pedicled flap and compound flap can reach the plane of wrist joint,which may be helpful to design a kind of more convenient and simplified flap to repair the distal tissue defects of the hand.

BACKGROUND: Flap pedicled with nutritional vessels of the cutaneous antebrachial medialis nerve is beneficial for repairing injury of dorsum of hand; but it needs the support from systemic anatomic research on distally based compound flap.OBJECTIVE: To study the anatomic theory of the distally based compound flap pedicled with nutrient vessels of the cutaneous antebrachial medialis nerve -basilic vein.DESIGN: Single sample observation.SETTING: Research Center for Clinical Anatomy, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at the laboratory for Research Center for Clinical Anatomy, Military Institute of Orthopaedics, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from March to August 2003. A total of 30 upper limbs of adult cadavers perfused with red latex through arteries were provided by Research Center for Clinical Anatomy, Military Institute of Orthopaedics, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. Each cadaver was injected with a mixture of red gelatin to show the branches, distributions and anastomosis of the lesser vessels on the stained small arteries of the finger tips.METHODS: All 30 adult upper limbs were dissected and observed under the microscope based on the pivot point of styloid process of ulna: ①The origins, branches, distribution and anastomosis of nutrient vessels of the inferior 1/3 segment of medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve-basilic vein, and whose blood supply relationship with ulnar periosteal vessels. ②The superficial and deep communicating branches of basilic vein.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①The origins, branches, distribution and anastomosis of nutrient vessels of medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, and whose blood supply relationship with vicinal bone and skin. ② The superficial and deep communicating branches of basilic vein.RESULTS: ①The origins of nutrient vessels supplying the inferior 1/3 segment of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve were 5-9 cutaneous branches of ulnar artery with an outer diameter of (0.7±0.3)mm. The ascending and descending branches of wrist superior branches sent out several cutaneous branches nourishing basilic vein, with an outer diameter of (0.6±0.3) mm. Between the position of (6.0-16.0) cm superior to ulnar malleolus, anterior interosseous artery sent out 2-3 perforating bone-skin branches, with an outer diameter of (0.7±0.2) mm; Posterior interosseous artery sent out 1-3 bone-skin perforating branches, with an outer diameter of (0.6±0.3) mm. Both of them were distributed on periosteum and skin of the corresponding area. All above-mentioned cutaneous perforators gave off cutaneous branches, fascia branches, periosteal branches and nutrient vascular branches of cutaneous nerve-superficial vein, and a vessel chain of cutaneous nerve-basilic vein and vascular networks of deep fascia, superficial fascia and periosteum formed. ②Ulnar artery had two accompanying veins, one was grossus, and the other thin. The two veins accompanied along two sides of artery, and the accompanying vein of arterial cutaneous branches infused. Superior wrist cutaneous branches of ulnar artery had two accompanying veins. One pumped into ulnar branch of ulnar vein, and the other one passed through deep fascia, then entered subcutaneous tissue, and straightly pumped into basilic vein. The injected position was (2.3±0.8) cm superior to ulnar malleolus, with an outer diameter of (2.8±0.5) mm.CONCLUSION: The nutrient vessels of medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve-basilic vein and the nutrient vessels of bone and skin are homologous. The rotation point of their distally based pedicled flap and compound flap can reach the plane of wrist joint, which can be applied to repair the distal tissue defects of the hand.