Objective To establish a new method for assessing the effects of environmental factors on human health.Methods Based on the environment part of the frame for comparative risk assessment(CRA) of WHO,the frame and index system for environmental contamination risk assessment which accorded with the situation in China was developed.With the prevalence of different exposure level,RR and the choice of counterfactual scenario,the potential impact fraction(PIF) was estimated.Then an example on the study of liver cancer related with water pollution was used to show the new frame.In this example,the contaminated water was regarded as the environmental factor,incidence of liver cancer was regarded as variable of health,and the analysis was performed with spatial interpolation,counterfactual analysis and CRA theory.Results The quantity of COD of river water in this area was estimated with ordinary Kriging interpolation,and the accumulated exposure of COD was calculated with the trend of annual COD,and the number of population exposed to COD was estimated at same time.In accordance with the different level of pollution and the RR relate to liver cancer,the trend with monotonically increasing showed.At same time,the values of PIF illuminated that 75.72% in male and 66.39% in female would avoid death for liver cancer if the level of contaminated water could be reduced to the level of the control areas.Conclusion The frame includes CRA,spatial analysis and counterfactual analysis is a good approach to assess the health effects of environmental factors.

Objective To explore the humanoid figure specialist nursing rounds in the heart of rotation of the role of nurse training. Methods The nurses receiving rotary nurse training from April to October 2013 were set as a control group , in which traditional nursing ward rounds were used. Those during November 2013 to May 2014, were set as experiment group, in which the human figure nursing ward rounds were used. The two groups were compared in terms of satisfaction of inpatients and effects of the nursing ward rounds. Result The level of inpatient′s satisfaction in the experiment group was significantly higher than that of the control group and the effect of nursing ward rounds was significantly better than that of the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion The nurse′s rotation training on humanoid figure specialist nursing rounds in the cardiology department can improve the inpatients'satisfaction and the effect of nursing ward rounds.

Objective To investigate the value of salivagram in the diagnosis of pediatric pulmonary aspiration.Methods A total of 469 pediatric patients (age:6 weeks-16 years,average age (4.5±3.1) years;229 males,240 females) underwent salivagram.Signed informed consents were obtained.99Tcm-SC (11.1 MBq,100 μl) was dropped into the root of tongue.After the dropping,the posterior dynamic acquisition was started for 60 min,and then the anterior and posterior static images were acquired for 5 min.All patients were followed up for 3-6 months after the salivagram,and the salivagram results were analyzed.If radioactivity was shown in the main bronchus or bilateral lung fields,the pulmonary aspiration was diagnosed.Results Salivagram demonstrated positive results in 20.7％ (97/469) of the patients.However,3 patients with pulmonary aspiration showed negative results.There was no false positive result on salivagram.Conclusion Salivagram shows good results in the diagnosis of pediatric pulmonary aspiration.

Objective To assess the depression and cognition function in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSAHS) , and to study the relationship between the depression and severity of OSAHS, cognition disorders. Methods A total of 74 OSAHS patients (OSAHS group) and 39 normal controls ( control group) which all diagnosed by polysomnography (PSG) were chosen, and they were assessed the state of depression by self-rating depression scale ( SDS) and for cognition disorders by mini-mental state examination ( MMSE ). Results The score of SDS in OSAHS group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01). In patients with OSAHS , the score of SDS was positively correlated with apnea hyponea index ( AHI) , which was negatively correlated with mean level of SaO_2 ( MSaO_2 ) and the lowest SaO_2 ( LSaO_2 ) (P<0.01 ). The score of MMSE in OSAHS group was significantly lower than that in the control group, which was negatively correlated with AHI(P<0.01) and positively correlated with MSaO_2 and the lowest LSaO_2(P<0.01 ). The score of SDS was negatively correlated with MMSE( r= -0.505, P<0.01). Conclusion OSAHS patients exit depression and cognition disorders, which was correlation to intermitten hypoxemia in frequently.

Objective To evaluate medium-term results in critical limb ischemia (CLI) patients undergoing endovascularly revascularization based on concepts of angiosomes.Methods Clinical data were reviewed on 612 CLI patients who had isolated below-the-knee (BTK)lesions and were treated by endovascular technology from June 2006 to May 2012.Following the angiosome model of perfusion,286 patients (357 limbs)were treated by directly revascularizing the feeding artery.326 patients (455 limbs)were treated by revascularizing non-feeding artery to improve perfusion to ulcer indirectly.Primary endpoints included ulce-healing rate as of 3 months,amputation-free survival( AFS),freedom from major amputation (FFMA) and recurrence rate of CLI.Results During follow-up(mean,24 ± 18 months),ulce-healing rate during 3 months of direct treatment group was obviously higher than that of indirect group (82.4％ vs.66.4％,X2 =26.16,P ＜0.05).The fourth year AFS was 48％ ±5％ vs.37％ ±6％,t =3.44,P ＜0.05,and the fourth year FFMA was 73％ ±4％ vs.58％ ±3％,t =4.61,P ＜0.05.In recurrence rate of CLI,there wasn't significant difference between direct group and indirect group(42％ ±5％ vs.45％ ±6％,t =- 0.64,P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions Following the angiosome model of perfusion,direct revascularizing the feeding artery of CLI patients can obviously improve ulcer-healing rate during 3 months,medium-term AFS and FFMA.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the bacterial contamination of office telephones and computers in an infectious disease hospital to provide evidence for their disinfection.METHODS A total of 206 bacterial samples were collected from 73 telephones and 30 computers in offices in our hospital to determine the bacterial contamination of these office tools.RESULTS The contamination rate was 100% and sanitary qualification rate 32.5%.The highest bacterial colony count was 46 CFU/cm2 and the lowest one 2 CFU/cm2,The sanitary qulification rate of the telephones and computers in clean region was only 30.95%.CONCLUSIONS There was severe bacterial contamination in office telephones and computers,which should be paid close attention to.

Objective To study the role of chronic prostatitis(CP)in the pathogenesis and development of IgA nephropathy(IgAN). Methods The incidence rate of CP was compared between the patients with IgAN and the patients with non-IgA mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Furthermore, the clinical and pathological features were compared between the IgAN patients without CP and those with CP. The therapeutic effect of anti-inflammatory treatment in IgAN patients with CP was evaluated. Results Incidence of CP in IgAN patients was 44.7% and that in non-IgA mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis patients was 21.6%. There was significant difference in the incidence of chronic prostatitis between the two groups. The incidence of glomerular sclerosis and the deposition of immune complexes in vascular wall in IgAN patients with CP were higher than that in patients without CP. The treatment of CP may be beneficial in ameliorating IgAN in some patients. Conclusion Chronic prostatitis is one of the probable pathogenetic factors in IgAN.

Aim To investigate the molecular mechanism of Rosiglitazone on the expression of integrin ?1 in lung pulmonary carcinoma A549 cell line. Methods RT-PCR and flow cytometry methods were used to examine the expression of mRNA and cell total protein of PPAR? and integrin ?1 subunit. Results The expression of PPAR? mRNA and integrin ?1 mRNA had dose-dependent regulating action by Rosiglitazone,using PPAR? inhibitor GW9662 and ERK pathway inhibitor PD98059 could abolish the inhibition of PPAR? on the expression of integrin ?1. Conclusion The effect of PPAR? ligand Rosiglitazone on integrin ?1 expression is mediated through PPAR?-dependent signaling parthway. The mechanism may be partly involved in ERK pathway.

Objective To retrospectively analyse the factors related to the risk of malignant change in relation with various colorectal polyps. Methods Data on a total of 820 patients (900 polyps), who had undergone polypectomy between 1997 and 2001 were collected. The relation between colorectal cancer and polyps characteristics was assessed by Logistic Regression and Chi square. Results The risk of malignant change was significantly related with the size of polyps, histology of polyps, grade of dysplasia, pathological changes of mucosa, sessile or pedunculated polyps. Conclusion High grade dysplasia, large size, adenoma, absence of a stalk, and ulcerous mucosa were confirmed as the major predictors. The likelihood of malignant degeneration of colorectal polyps seemed to be correlated with the number of the above mentioned risk factors present

Objective To retrospectively analyse the adverse reactions and complications of Graves' disease after thyroid arteries embolization.Methods 41 patients of Graves' disease underwent interventional embolization have been analysed with its adverse reactions and complications. Polyvinyl alcohol or bletilla microspheres and micro coils were used in these patients. Results Laryngopharyngeal and neck pain occurred in all patients. T 3 and T 4 increased in 3 days to one week after the procedure. Thirty of them showed fever. Dystopic embolism happened in two cases with one of transitory hypoparathyroidism. No hypothyroidism or hypoparathyroidism or hoarseness occur during long term follow up.Conclusions The adverse reactions and complications of Graves disease after thyroid arteries embolization may occur. Some of them are preventable and curable.