The author analyzes the problems existing in medical students' experimental skills in physics and points out the countermeasures.

Aphasia is the loss or impairment of language caused by brain damage. Stroke is the most common cause of aphasia. The language function in most patients with aphasia will get recovery with different degrees no matter whether they have performed language training or not. In recent years, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology has been widely used in neuro-linguistic research, This article reviews the advances in research on investigating the recovery mechanisms of poststroke aphasia with fMRI.

Background It is widely appreciated that many animal cells rely on the mechanism of regulatory volume decrease (RVD) after swell under the hypotonic environment,which involved in some processes of cellular physiology.But the RVD of lens epithelial cells(LECs) still is being further researched.Objective Present study was to clarify the possible mechanisms and influencing factors in the RVD of LECs.Methods Human LECs line (HLE B-3)were cultured and passaged in DMEM/F12 containing 10％ fetal bovine serum(FBS),and before volume measurement,cells were stuck to the base of a perfusion chamber,Ringer solution osmolality was decreased from 15％Hypo to 45％ Hypo,and the cells stimulated by 45％ Hypo Ringer solution were used as the control group.Some experiments were performed in the presence of high extracellular K+ concentration,chloride or potassium channel inhibitor,experiments were also carried out in the nominal absence of Ca2+,Cl-or HCO-3 to test the effect of a decrease in intracellular concentration of these ions on the cell volume response.The volume changes of living cells were measured by lag-time microphotograph acquisition and analysis system (IPP6.0).Results Time course of cell volume change after hypotonic shock in HLE B-3 cells was observed.The cell swelling was followed by a gradual volume recovery,indicating the presence of RVD was influenced by the hypotonic stress.Under the stimulation of 45 ％Hypo Ringer solution,the rates of RVD were (59.1 ±7.8)％.RVD was correlated positively to the maximum cell volume (r =0.99,P＜0.05)in S shape,and RVD changes were sensitive to alter maximum cell volume in the range of 115％-135％.RVD reduced to (16.5 ± 1.6) ％,(14.7 ± 2.3) ％,respectively after acted by potassium channel inhibitor,TEA(10 mmol/L)and BaCl2(5 mmol/L)as well as chloride channel inhibitor,NPPB(100 μmol/L)and DIDS(100 μmol/L),with significant differences in comparison with the control group(all P＜0.01).RVD decreased by(5.8±1.6)％ and(2.7±0.8)％ in high concentration of K+ in extracellular fluid and the absence of Cl-(P＜0.01).RVD was significantly inhibited under the absence of Ca2+.When the 45％ Ringer solution was pH6.8,the process of RVD delayed.The rate of RVD in the first ten minutes was (0.86±0.24)％/min,showing a significant decline in comparison with (3.24±0.84) ％ / min of pH 7.4 (P ＜0.05).Conclusions HLE B-3 have RVD ability under the hypotonic stress stimulation.A certain intracellular Ca2+ concentration is the premise of RVD activation,and Cl efflux and K+ efflux are the key mechanism of RVD of HLE B-3.Acidic environment of hypotonic solution delays the occurrence of RVD.

Objective To evaluate the role of two-dimensional ultrasound, conventional color and power Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. Methods Eighty-three patients with knee osteoarthritis (118 knee joints) and 61 healthy subjects as a control received clinical, laboratory and ultrasound examinations. Results A higly significant difference in the thickness of knee articular cartilage between the patients and controls was found by ultrasound examination(P

Objective To study the pathological morphology of thyroid specimen after thyroid arteries embolization. In order to select appropriate size of embolizing granules, the diameters of thyroid arteries in Graves' disease were measured. Methods Multiple slides of embolized thyroid tissues from superior pole, body and inferior pole of the resected thyroid glands were made. After being embedded and stained, pathological morphology was observed and diameters of arteries in various parts of thyroid glands were measured under microscopy. Results Pathological examination of thyroid glands showed that superior and inferior thyroid arteries and most of their branches were embolized with ischemic necrosis and fibrosis in the embolized thyroid tissue. Follicular epithelium appeared as flat or cubic shapes with colloid reduction. Average diameter of main branches of superior artery was 440～550?m and that of inferior artery was 300～375?m. The diameters of capillary network in the thyroid body was 120～250?m, and the non embolized ones was 40～110?m. The diameter of isthmus was 130～150?m. Conclusions Pathological morphology of Graves' disease after thyroid arteries embolization showed that the excretion of thyroid glands would be decreased and equivalents to subtotal thyroidectomy.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture in treating spastic paralysis following cerebral infarction. Methods: Sixty patients with spastic paralysis after cerebral infarction were randomly allocated into control group and treatment group, 30 cases each. The control group was treated with conventional acupuncture and the treatment group was treated with conventional acupuncture plus electroacupuncture according to the principle of antagonistic acupuncture. Both groups were given routine drugs and scalp acupuncture treatment. Results: Statistical analysis showed significant differences in NFI score and clinical curative effect score between pretreatment and posttreatment in the treatment and control groups and between the treatment and control groups. Conclusion: Both electroacupuncture and conventional acupuncture have clinical curative effect on spastic paralysis following cerebral infarction, but the curative effect of electroacupuncture is significantly superior to that of conventional acupuncture.

Objective To study the apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocyte cells in patients with HAM/TSP and the roles of Fas, TNF-? and Bcl-2 in occurrence and progression of HAM/TSP.Methods The single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) was used to detect the apoptosis of lymphocyte cells in 8 patients with HAM/TSP, 8 cases with other inflammatory neurologic diseases (OIND) and 8 healthy blood donors. The Fas, TNF-? and Bcl-2 protein expressions were quantitatively determined by flow cytometry from 8 cases of HAM/TSP.Results The apoptotic ratio of lymphocyte cells in patients with HAM/TSP significantly increased compared with the controls (P

Objective To understand the gene characteristics of envelope region of human T lymphotropic virus type Ⅰ(HTLV Ⅰ)from Shantou region of China. Methods The gene of proviral envelope region of HTLV Ⅰ Shantou strain (named HTLV Ⅰ WHP)was amplified by PCR,using 4 designed primers,and then was sequenced,meanwhile it was compared with that of various HTLV Ⅰ representative strains from all around the world,and subsequently it was analyzed to construct its phylogenetic tree.Results The nucleotide sequence of complete envelope region of HTLV Ⅰ WHP provirus we have obtained was 1466 bp.There no deletion and insertion in the deducted amino acid sequence.The results of phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the HTLV Ⅰ WHP strain was most closed to some of the strains from Japan and Caribbean,and like the latter,belonged to the subtypea of cosmopolitan group.Conclusion The HTLV Ⅰ strains either from the coastal region of Southeast China or from Japan,Caribbean and so on have the common origin of evolution.

Objective To investigate the imbalance of T helper 17 (Th17) / CD4 + CD25 + regulatory cell (Treg) in HAM/TSP patients.Methods Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the levels of interleukin (IL-17) and IL-10 in CSF,and flow cytometry to determine the percentage of Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood of patients with HAM/TSP.Results There was a significant increase in the level of IL-17 [(4.58 ± 0.70)pg/ml vs (0.76 ± 0.17)pg/ml,P ＜ 0.01] in CSF and the percentage of Th17 cells [(2.00 ± 0.64) ％ vs (0.41 ± 0.24) ％,P ＜ 0.01],but a decrease in the level of IL-10 in CSF and the percentage of Treg cells in peripheral blood of patients with HAM/TSP compared with the control group.The ratio of Th17/Treg cell (0.55 ±0.10 vs 0.06 ±0.03) in the peripheral blood of patients with HAM/TSP increased significantly compared with control group (t =12.11,P ＜0.01).Conclusions The imbalance between Thl7 and Treg cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease.