Objective:To analyze the causes of microbial contamination in methadone hydrochloride oral solution used for the ma-intenance treatment of heroin addict in Guangxi and propose the relative countermeasures. Methods:The samples of methadone hydro-chloride oral solution were obtained from 10 maintenance treatment clinics, and then the microbial limit test and identification were per-formed,the content of preservative was detected and the relationship between the preservative content and microbial contamination was studied. Results:The total number of aerobe in the samples of methadone hydrochloride oral solution from the 10 clinics was all over the standard limit value of 100 cfu·ml-1 ,and the main contaminating germ was Burkholderia cepacia. The contents of sorbic acid were 78. 2％-98. 3％,the four batches with the lowest concentration of preservative were detected with higher total number of aerobe. Con-clusion:The microbial contamination in methadone hydrochloride oral solution from the 10 maintenance treatment clinics is severe,and the environment of medicine packaging, content of preservatives, packaging machine and storage conditions are the primary causes for the microbial contamination. To ensure drug quality safety, it is suggested that the environment cleanliness of medicine packaging be improved, suitable content of preservatives be added, packaging machine be clean, the products be stored in shade and the quality be tested regularly.

Objective To explore the effects of sports training on endothelin-1 ( ET-1 ) and endothelin-1 receptor (ETR) and its subtypes in the myocardium in rats. Methods After sports training, levels of endothelin-1 were measured using radioimmunoassay, and changes in ETAR and ETBR levels by radioligand binding assay. Results The endothelin-1 level in myocardial cells was significantly reduced ( P

Objective To establish a new method for assessing the effects of environmental factors on human health.Methods Based on the environment part of the frame for comparative risk assessment(CRA) of WHO,the frame and index system for environmental contamination risk assessment which accorded with the situation in China was developed.With the prevalence of different exposure level,RR and the choice of counterfactual scenario,the potential impact fraction(PIF) was estimated.Then an example on the study of liver cancer related with water pollution was used to show the new frame.In this example,the contaminated water was regarded as the environmental factor,incidence of liver cancer was regarded as variable of health,and the analysis was performed with spatial interpolation,counterfactual analysis and CRA theory.Results The quantity of COD of river water in this area was estimated with ordinary Kriging interpolation,and the accumulated exposure of COD was calculated with the trend of annual COD,and the number of population exposed to COD was estimated at same time.In accordance with the different level of pollution and the RR relate to liver cancer,the trend with monotonically increasing showed.At same time,the values of PIF illuminated that 75.72% in male and 66.39% in female would avoid death for liver cancer if the level of contaminated water could be reduced to the level of the control areas.Conclusion The frame includes CRA,spatial analysis and counterfactual analysis is a good approach to assess the health effects of environmental factors.

Objective To discuss the opportunity of transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) after transrectal prostate biopsy.Methods We analyzed 60 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) who underwent TURP after transrectal prostate biopsy from September 2013 to September 2015.All the patients were divided into either group A or group B in chronological order, with 30 cases in each group.There were no significant differences in age, prostate specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume, hemoglobin level, and international prostate symptom score (IPSS) between the two groups.The group A and group B were treated by TURP at 1 week and 4 weeks after transrectal prostate biopsy, respectively.The parameters including operation time, excised prostate weight, intraoperative total blood loss, bladder irrigation time, and IPSS at 3 months after operation were recorded.Results The operation time, intraoperative total blood loss, bladder irrigation time, and IPSS in the group B were significantly lower than those in the group A [(58.3±6.0) min vs.(62.0±3.3) min, t=2.952, P=0.005;(154.1±15.8) ml vs.(167.4±29.5) ml, t=2.181, P=0.035;(19.2±0.8) h vs.(20.6±2.3) h, t=3.034, P=0.004;(18.3±2.5) points vs.(20.3±2.0) points, t=3.419, P=0.001].The excised prostate weight in the group B was significantly higher than that in the group A [(37.1±4.0) g vs.(33.3±7.8) g, t=-2.341, P=0.024].Conclusions TURP performed at 4 weeks after transrectal prostate biopsy can significantly increase the excised prostate weight, reduce intraoperative total blood loss volume, shorten the operation time and postoperative bladder irrigation time, and improve urinary symptoms.In brief, we recommend that TURP be executed at 4 weeks after transrectal prostate biopsy.

green light(480 nm).

AIM: Firstly to evaluate the changes of corneal sensation and its effect to dry eye syndrome after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK); secondly to evaluate the relation between the changes of corneal sensation and the laser ablation depth. ·METHODS: 30 patients (60 eyes) had bilateral LASIK with a superior-hinged flap. Every patient underwent preoperative and postoperative (after one week, one month and three months) evaluations, including corneal sensation, Schirmer's basic tear secretion test, tear breakup time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein stainting, and a questionnaire evaluating dry eye obtained from each patient.·RESULTS: Compared with preoperative level, after one week and one month, the difference of corneal sensation was very significant (P＜ 0.01); after three months, there was no statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05). After one week, there was no statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05) in the subjective dry eye symptoms, after one month, the difference was significant(P=0.025 ＜0.05) and after three months, the difference was very significant (P=0.001 ＜ 0.01). Compared with preoperative level, the basic tear secretion decreased significantly after one week and one month(P＜ 0.01), it did not return to the baseline level after three months (P ＜ 0.01). Tear breakup time decreased significantly after the surgery, and after three months, there was still statistical difference compared with preoperative level (P ＜ 0.01); with cornea fluorescence staining, we found corneal epithelial defect was most serious after one month after LASIK, and did not return to the baseline level after three months (P ＜ 0.01). Linear regression analysis and relevant were used to evaluate the relation between the changes of corneal sensation and the laser ablation depth (r=0.798, P ＜ 0.01). ·CONCLUSION: The central corneal sesation decreased noticeable after LASIK, and it recovered three months postoperatively, but the indicators of dry eye syndrome did not return to their preoperative levels following it. We have found that the decreasation of corneal sensation had positive correlation with the laser ablation depth.

AIM: To compare the visual effects of optimized aspheric transition zone Laser in situ keratomileusis (OAT z-LASIK )versus conventional Laser in situ keratomileusis (con. LASIK).METHODS: In a prospective study 44 patients (88 eyes)underwent OAT z -LASIK and 50 patients (92 eyes) received conventional LASIK surgery. Visual acuity,refractions、contrast sensitivity (CS),glare sensitivity (GS), and increment of Q-value after surgery were studied.RESULTS: All of operations on 94 cases were successful without severe complication after 3 months' follow-up. There was no significant difference in term of postoperative refractions between the two groups (t-test,P＞0.05). The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), CS, GS, and increment of Q-value of OAT z group were significantly better compared to the tradition group 3 months after the surgery (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: OAT z - LASIK is a more effective procedure to improve visual quality compared to conventional LASIK.

BACKGROUND: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity in hemodialysis patients is influenced by multiple factors.OBJECTIVE: To explore the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVcf) changes and related factors in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Non-randomized control experiment was performed at the Third Hospital of Peking University from January to August 2006.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 66 MHD patients were selected from Third Hospital of Peking University.METHODS: General clinical conditions, biochemical indexes, PWVcf and subjective nutritional state were evaluated. MHD patients were divided into two groups according to the state of nutrition evaluated with SGA: non-malnutrition (n=49), malnutrition group (n=17). The PWVcf of two groups was compared, and one-way and multiple regression analyses were performed to explore PWVcf-relatest factors.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: PWVcf, blood albumin and parathyroid hormone.RESULTS: PWVcf was significantly positively correlated with age (r= 0.284, P< 0.05), systolic blood pressure (r= 0.468, P<0. 001), and pulse pressure (r=0.451, P< 0.001), while negatively correlated with prealbumin (r=0.318, P< 0. 05),plasma-albumin (r=0.263, P< 0.05), parathyroid hormone (r=0.167, P< 0.05), serum creatinine (r=0.347, P= 0.004)and transferring (r=0.284, P < 0.05) before dialysis. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that pulse pressure and parathyroid hormone were independently related with PWVcf. The PWVcf was significantly increased in malnutrition group compared with non-malnutrition group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pulse pressure is the major clinical determinants of arterial stiffness in patients with MHD independent of conventional risk factors for cardiovascular disease; Malnutrition and atherosclerosis are common complications of MHD,showing close relationship. The PWVcf was significantly increased in malnutrition patients.

Objective:To study the cytotoxic effects on three glioma cell lines U343, U138, U373 induced by anti-human DR5/DR4 monoclonal antibodies(FMU1.5/FMU1.4) and the underlying mechanism.Methods:Expression of DR4/DR5 was quantitated by flow cytometry and DR/4DR5 mRNA detected by RT-PCR. Cytotoxicity exerted by FMU1.4/FMU1.5 on three cell lines was measured by MTT colorimetry and the induced apoptosis was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA ploidy analysis was studied by flow cytometry.Results:The expression of DR5 on U343 cells was higher and the expression of DR4 on U373 cells was lower. Cell line U343 was sensitive to FMU1.5 and in a dose dependent manner, but it was partially sensitive to FMU1.4; Cell line U138 was partially sensitive to FMU1.5 and resistant to FMU1.4; Cell line U373 was insensitive to two antibodies.Conclusion:Apoptosis induced by monoclonal antibodie FMU1.4/FMU1.5 vary among three cell lines. The underlying mechanism may be relevant to DR4/DR5 expression,the release of cytochrome C and FLIP.

Objective To explore the exercise induced immunity changes during incremental load training from the view of the expression of helper T cells (Th) mRNA. Methods Using the technique of real-time quantified PCR to observe T-helper-special cytokine mRNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cell dynamically in healthy young male who have been trained with incremental exercise for five weeks. Results There was no obvious change in IL-2 mRNA during five weeks training. Meanwhile IL-4 mRNA increased greatly in the second, third and fourth week. IFN-? mRNA as well as IFN-? mRNA/IL-4 mRNA increased remarkably in the third, fourth and fifth week . Conclusion The expression of T-helper1/ T-helper2 cytokine mRNA were up-regulated after five weeks and the subjects were gradually adapt to the increased load which indicated the enhancement of immunity function .