Objective To explore the indoor air pollution level related to traffic and fuel gas using for cooking and to assess its effect on the respiratory disease and symptoms in children and teenagers. Methods Based on a cross-sectional survey in 6 551 children and teenagers in the urban area of Shanghai in 2007, 197 children were randomly selected in stratified districts and the level of CO, NO2, PM10 and benzene in indoor air in their home were measured. The variables of distance of nearest street or way, traffic density and the time of using fuel gas for cooking were collected and a multiple linear regression model was established to estimate indoor air pollution level related traffic and fuel gas using for cooking. The associations between indoor air pollutants concentrations and respiratory symptoms and disease were analyzed with multiple Logistic Regression model. Results After potential founders being controlled, the significant associations were observed between per 20 ?g/m3 increase of indoor NO2 concentration and dry cough(OR:1.12,95%CI:1.03-1.20),morning cough(OR:1.08,95%CI:1.01-1.17), wheezing (OR: 1.09,95%CI:1.0-1.19), bronchitis (OR: 1.21, 95%CI:1.01-1.46). The similar effects were observed between the per 30 ?g/m3 increase of indoor PM10 concentration and dry cough(OR:1.28,95%CI:1.02-1.59),wheeze(OR:1.34,95%CI:1.04-1.71),current asthma (OR:1.87,95%CI:1.08-3.23). The significant associations were also observed between house was nearby major street/road (

Objective To investigate the effects of midazolam on the delayed rectifier outward potassium channel current (Ik) using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Methods Pyramidal neurons were isolated acutely from 5-15 d SD rat hippocampus. We measured amplitudes of the delayed outward rectifier potassium currents by activating depolarizing pulse from - 50mV to 30mV. Different concentrations of midazolam were added and potassium channel currents were measured. Results Delayed outward rectifier potassium channel currents were inhibited by midazolam in a dose-dependent manner. EC50 was (8.31 ?2.78) ? 10-8 mol/L and Hill constant was 0.90? 0.16.Conclusions Our results suggest that block of the outward rectifier potassium channel current by midazolam may contribute to the mechanism of midazolam anesthesia action.

Objective Potassium channel is essential for excitability of neurons and is involved in the regulation of information transmission. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of propofol on the voltage-gated potassium channels in rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Methods SD rats of 5-15 days old were decapitated and brain was immediately removed. Hippocampal pyramidal neurons were freshly isolated. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were made. Voltage-dependent sodium and calcium currents were inhibited by TTX 1?mol?L-1 and CdCl2 400 ?mol?L-1 added to the perfusate. The effects of propofol on transient outward potassium currents and delayed rectifier potassium currents were studied and also the kinetics of channels. Results All the channels studied were reversibly inhibited by propofol in a dose-dependent manner. EC50 of propofol on transient outward potassium channels and delayed rectifier potassium channels were (71?18) ?mol?L-1 and (37?18) ?mol?L-1 respectively. The maximum inhibition rates were 52%?3% and 32%?5% .Conclusion Propofol reversibly inhibits potassium currents in a does-dependent manner. It is inferred that propofol affects the excitability of hippocampal neurons.

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture on brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and nerve growth factor(NGF) expression in the hippocampus of depression rats,and to explore its possible anti-depression mechanism.Methods SD rats were randomized into the normal group,model group,acupuncture group and western medicine group.Rat models of depression were established by chronic unpredictable mild stress and by isolated raising.The western medicine group received gastric gavage of fluoxetine hydrochloride(in the dose of 2 mg?kg-1?d-1),and the acupuncture group received acupuncture on acupoints of Baihui(GV20),Xinshu(BL15) and Ganshu(BL17),once per day for 21 days.After treatment,the expression of BDNF and NGF in the hippocampus of rats was detected by immunohistochemical assay.Results The number of cells with BDNF and NGF positive expression in the hippocampus of model group was decreased(P

Objectives:To study the mechanical properties of human dentin obtained from vital and pulpless teeth. Methods:Dentin specimens were obtained from 20 freshly extracted normal vital human teeth and 9 endodontically treated human pulpless teeth. The dentin was grinded to be rectangular specimens along to the longitudinal axes of the teeth. All the specimens were immerged in 9 g/L sodium chloride solution, their compressive mechanical properties were measured with displacement measurement method. All data obtained were analyzed with t tests. Results:The elastic moduli,proportional limits and compressive strengths of the dentin samples from vital teeth were (15.77? 1.52 ) GPa, (157.07?13.79) MPa and (257.67?10.23) MPa respectively. Those from pulpless teeth were (12.08?1.71) GPa, (144.30?9.76) MPa and (235.26?9.12) MPa respectively(P

Objective To explore the efficacy of treatment for locally recurrent rectal cancer after radical surgery. Methods In this study,the management of 107 patients with postoperative locally recurrence of rectal carcinoma admitted from August 1993 to February 2002 was retrospectively analyzed.Results Thirty-two cases were treated by reoperation combined with adjuvant therapy(group A),37 cases underwent ressction alone(group B),38 patients received adjuvant therapy alone(group C).The age of these patients was 49.3±20.7,44.4±25.4,and 52.9±29.1 respectively.The median survival time after treatment was 27.8,14.6,and 13.7 months,respectively.The five year's survival of patients in group A was better than that in group B and group C significantly(P＜0.05).Conclusions The aggressive surgery combined with adjuvant therapy improves the survival of the patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer after radical surgery.

Comprehensive therapy is the leading method to improve the overall survival for patients with advanced gallbladder cancer, especially the study of new chemotherapy regimen are on demand.From 2010 to 2011, a phase Ⅲ study of new chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of advanced gallbladder carcinoma would be undertaken nationwide to assess the clinical outcome and safety, in 31 clinical centers led by the department of General Surgery of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, and a total of 260 patients would be accrued for this study.Chemotherapy consists of 2 regimes, conventional regime(cisplatin, epirubicin, and 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin)and new regime(conventional regime plus somatostatin).At present, the study has been approved by Clinical Trial Registration Platform of National Institutes of Health in U.S.A., and more than 30 patients are rolling in the study.The clinical trial could provide the high-quality evidence of EBM(evdence based medicine)for the chemotherapy of advanced gallbladder caner, and it will be one of the important components in the large-scale clinical study of chemotherapy for the advanced gallbladder cancer in China and worldwide.

Objective To explore the efficacy of various retreatment for locally recurrent rectal cancer after radical surgery. Methods Totally 107 patients of locally recurrent rectal cancer, who were admitted from August, 1993 to February, 2002 and retreated, were retrospectively analyzed. Results Thirty-two patients were treated by resection combined with adjuvant therapy (group A), 37 patients underwent resection alone (group B), and 38 patients received adjuvant therapy alone (group C). The medium age of these three groups was 49.3?20.7, 44.4?25.4, 52.9?29.1, respectively. The median survival time of groups A, B, C was 27.8, 14.6, 13.7 months, respectively. The five-year survival rate of group A was significantly higher than that of groups B and C (P

The advances of industrial biotechnology highly depend on the development of industrial bioprocess researches. In China, we are facing several challenges because of a huge national industrial fermentation capacity. The industrial bioprocess development experienced several main stages. This work mainly reviews the development of the industrial bioprocess in China during the past 30 or 40 years: including the early stage kinetics model study derived from classical chemical engineering, researching method based on control theory, multiple-parameter analysis techniques of on-line measuring instruments and techniques, and multi-scale analysis theory, and also solid state fermentation techniques and fermenters. In addition, the cutting edge of bioprocess engineering was also addressed.
Bioengineering ; history ; Bioreactors ; Biotechnology ; Chemical Engineering ; China ; Fermentation ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century

Filamentous fungi are widely used in industrial fermentation. Particular fungal morphology acts as a critical index for a successful fermentation. To break the bottleneck of morphological analysis, we have developed a reliable method for fungal morphological analysis. By this method, we can prepare hundreds of pellet samples simultaneously and obtain quantitative morphological information at large scale quickly. This method can largely increase the accuracy and reliability of morphological analysis result. Based on that, the studies of Aspergillus niger morphology under different oxygen supply conditions and shear rate conditions were carried out. As a result, the morphological responding patterns of A. niger morphology to these conditions were quantitatively demonstrated, which laid a solid foundation for the further scale-up.
Aspergillus niger ; cytology ; Fermentation ; Industrial Microbiology ; Reproducibility of Results