Objectives:To study the mechanical properties of human dentin obtained from vital and pulpless teeth. Methods:Dentin specimens were obtained from 20 freshly extracted normal vital human teeth and 9 endodontically treated human pulpless teeth. The dentin was grinded to be rectangular specimens along to the longitudinal axes of the teeth. All the specimens were immerged in 9 g/L sodium chloride solution, their compressive mechanical properties were measured with displacement measurement method. All data obtained were analyzed with t tests. Results:The elastic moduli,proportional limits and compressive strengths of the dentin samples from vital teeth were (15.77? 1.52 ) GPa, (157.07?13.79) MPa and (257.67?10.23) MPa respectively. Those from pulpless teeth were (12.08?1.71) GPa, (144.30?9.76) MPa and (235.26?9.12) MPa respectively(P

OBJECTIVE To explore the absorption mechanism of thiophenorphine, and its effect on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression by using Caco-2 cell monolayer model. METHODSThe LC-MS-MS method was applied to determine thiophenorphine concentration in millicell system. The bi-directional permeability studies were performed to investigate the potential involvement of efflux carriers in the intestinal absorption. P-gp inhibition was studied by flow cytometry using calcein-AM as P-gp substrate.The expression of P-gp was evaluated using Western blotting. RESULTSThiophenorphine transport in Caco-2 cells was in time-dependent manner. Its average apparent permeability coefficient (P_(app)) was 2.338×10~(-6) cm·s~(-1). P_(app) was increased 2.8 folds by P-gp inhibitor ciclosporin A, and 2.3 folds by mulitdrug resistance-associated protein2 (MRP2) inhibitor MK571. The accumulation of calcein-AM and the expression of P-gp in Caco-2 cell line wasn't changed noticeably by thiophenorphine. CONCLUSION Thiophenorphine is a common substrate of P-gp and MRP2 and it shows normal transport in millicell system. The expression of P-gp doesn't induce by thiophenorphine.

Hepatic eosinophilic granuloma (HEG) is a rare benign liver disease,which belongs to histocytosis.Preoperative diagnosis of HEG was difficult because its clinical manifestation was not characteristic.In this article,the clinical data of 1 patient with HEG who was treated at the Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital of Zhejiang Province in September 2012 were retrospectively analyzed,and the diagnosis,differential diagnosis and treatment for HEG were investigated.

AIM: To study the molecular mechanism of EGCG on inhibiting the growth of hepatic carcinoma. METHODS: The proliferation of hepatic cell line HepG2 cultured with different doses of EGCG was studied by MTT and suspension/adherence methods. The effect of EGCG on the expression of HIF-1α/VEGF at mRNA and protein levels in vitro and in vivo was evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The inhibition of EGCG on the growth of tumor implanted into athymic nude mice was also observed. RESULTS: The proliferation of hepatic cell line HepG2 was inhibited by EGCG in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of HIF-1α/VEGF was suppressed markedly by EGCG at protein level. However, the inhibitory effect of EGCG on the mRNA expression was only observed on VEGF, not on HIF-1α. In the animal experiment, the implanted tumor growth was inhibited by 39.8%±5.1%. CONCLUSION: EGCG suppresses the hepatic carcinoma cell growth, and interrupts the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway significantly, indicating a fundamental mechanism of EGCG for inhibiting tumor growth.

AIM:To study the molecular mechanism of EGCG on inhibiting the growth of hepatic carcinoma. METHODS: The proliferation of hepatic cell line HepG2 cultured with different doses of EGCG was studied by MTT and suspension/adherence methods. The effect of EGCG on the expression of HIF-1?/VEGF at mRNA and protein levels in vitro and in vivo was evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blotting,respectively. The inhibition of EGCG on the growth of tumor implanted into athymic nude mice was also observed. RESULTS: The proliferation of hepatic cell line HepG2 was inhibited by EGCG in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of HIF-1?/VEGF was suppressed markedly by EGCG at protein level. However,the inhibitory effect of EGCG on the mRNA expression was only observed on VEGF,not on HIF-1?. In the animal experiment,the implanted tumor growth was inhibited by 39.8%?5.1%. CONCLUSION: EGCG suppresses the hepatic carcinoma cell growth,and interrupts the HIF-1?/VEGF signaling pathway significantly,indicating a fundamental mechanism of EGCG for inhibiting tumor growth.

Background:It has been demonstrated that H + -K + -ATPase expression in human parietal cells had a tendency to increase with aging. However,the effect of aging on activity of H + -K + -ATPase is still unclear. Aims:To investigate effect of aging on activity of H + -K + -ATPase. Methods:Fifteen male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were divided into 4,21,24, 27 and 30 months group,and 19 healthy beagle dogs were divided into younger group,junior elderly group and senior elderly group. The activity of H + -K + -ATPase in gastric fundal mucosa was assessed. Results:The activity of H + -K + -ATPase in gastric fundal mucosa in 4,21,24,27 and 30 months old rats were(4. 850 ± 0. 312)μmol·mg - 1 ·h - 1 , (5. 466 ± 0. 379)μmol·mg - 1 ·h - 1 ,(6. 068 ± 0. 228)μmol·mg - 1 ·h - 1 ,(5. 733 ± 0. 767)μmol·mg - 1 ·h - 1 and (6. 223 ± 0. 428)μmol · mg - 1 · h - 1 ,respectively. With aging,H + -K + -ATPase activity in rats had a tendency to increase(F = 4. 519,P = 0. 031). The activity of H + -K + -ATPase in beagle dogs in younger group,junior elderly group and senior elderly group were(11. 087 ± 4. 320)μmol·mg - 1 ·h - 1 ,(8. 549 ± 3. 250)μmol·mg - 1 ·h - 1 ,(12. 071 ± 2. 820)μmol·mg - 1 ·h - 1 ,respectively. There was no statistically significant difference among the three groups(F =1. 339,P = 0. 290). Conclusions:With aging,the activity of H + -K + -ATPase in rats and beagle dogs does not decline, but even has a tendency to increase.

The astaxanthin synthesized by Phaffia rhodozyma is a commercially valuable carotenoid. Related advances in the biosynthetic pathway of astaxanthin and the regulatory mechanisms of biosynthesis in Phaffia rhodozyma in recent years were reviewed.The innovating research aspects in related fields in China were also proposed.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetic (PK) behaviors of midazolam and its metabolite through intranasal and intragastric(ig) routes in rats. METHODS Twenty-four rats were evenly divided into 4 groups. Two groups of rats were administrated singly with midazolam (1 mg?kg-1) through intranasal or ig route. The other two groups were concomitant with CYP3A inhibitor,ketoconazole(30 mg?kg-1),midazolam(1 mg?kg-1)through the same two routes. Blood samples were collected from different time points. Plasma concentration of midazolam and 1′-hydroxymidazolam was determined. Major pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and statistical tests were performed by using t test. RESULTS Tmax was about 2 and 25 min for rats administered singly with midazolam via intranasal or ig routes,respectively and AUC was 296 and 179 μg?L-1?h, respectively. When concomitant with ketoconazole,AUC increased to 2.1 and 3.3 folds the original value for intranasal and ig routes,respectively. However,the Tmax value of midazolam via intranasally didn′t change after being coadministrated with ketoconazole,but Tmax increased to 1.14 h via ig. CONCLUSION Compared with administration via ig,intranasal route administrated midazolam displays significant advantages of faster absorption and higher exposure,which are vital for the first aid. Concomitant with CYP3A inhibitor and midazolam via intranasal route,the absorption speed is not affected,but with the metabolism blocked,the systemic exposure is greatly elevated. While via ig,both absorption speed and metabolism are inhibited. The dose should be cut down or the dosing interval increased in clinic practice in this concomitant situation.

Objective To characterize 5 gpl20 sequences from mainly circulating clades in China and expression of their gp120 glycoproteins. Methods gp120 genes were amplified from the PBMCs of 5 HIV-1 infected individuals in different provinces using nest PCR and their DNA sequences were determined. Sequence characteristics were analyzed and gp120 genes were sub-cloned into the mammalian expression vec-tor to produce gp120 glycoproteins. Results Sequence characteristics indicated these sequences belong to the clade Thai-B, CRF_BC and CRF_AE, respectively. There were some conservative N-linked glycosyla-tion sites and primary Furin protease cleavage motifs in the same positions within gp120 amino acid se-quences although these gp120 sequences were categorized into different clades. In comparison with referen-tial strains, amino acids deletions were found in the V1, V2, V4, V5 regions except for the V3 loop; above all, V3 tip motifs of Thai-B exhibited the more polymorphic forms than those of CRF_BC and CRF_AE. These 5 gp120 sequences were cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector and gpl20 glycoproteins were produced successfully. Conclusion Hyper-variable nature of Env should be considered while designing HIV-1 vaccine or test reagent, and gpl20 expression in vitro is helpful to further research on the Env patho-genesis and vaccine development against the mainly circulating HIV-1 isolates in China.

Objective :To properly understand the bacterial distribution and susceptibility to antibiotics in thesinus of nasal sinusitis. Method:The mucosal and secretione in sinus were taken from 135 patients who sufferedwith single nasal sinusitis, by functional endoscopic sinus surgery, were cultured for bacteria. Meanwhile the an-timicrobial susceptibility was determined for ordinary antibiotics. Result: The bacterial growth was present in88.15 % of cases ,mixed bacterial growth was present in 52.10 % of all bacterial ,anaerobe growth was present in39.06％00 of all bacteria． the susceptibility to penicillin was in 53.12%0 of all bacteria and cefaolin was in 87.50%.The susceptibility to metronidazole was in 94.67 % of all anaerobes. Conclusion:We think the method that peni-cillin in combination with streptomycin and metronidazole, sufameth oxazole united with metronidazole, cefaolinadded metronidazole were effective in nasal sinusitis treatment before the antimicrobial susceptive examinationhad been done.