Objective To investigate mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 and the factors that affect transmission. Methods 136 children who were born to HIV positive mothers in a high HIV prevalence region were interviewed and blood samples were examined for anti-HIV anti-HGV and HIV RNA or HIV DNA. Results Among 136 children who were born to HIV positive mothers, 50 were infected with HIV. The MTCT rate was 36.8% (50/136). Thirty eight DNA fragments of HIV-1 gag gene P17 obtained from HIV-1 seropositive mothers were amplified by PCR from uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Sequence analyses showed that all of them were HIV-1 B subtype. The HIV vertical transmission rate among mothers with AIDS (67.4%, 31/46) was significantly greater than among those with HIV alone (21.1%, 19/90), P

Objective To study the status of anxiety and depression on clinical decision-making participation of laryngeal cancer patients.Methods A total of 82 laryngeal cancer patients participated in the investigation by questionnaire to study the clinical decision-making participation by control preferences scale.The degree of anxiety and depression was investigated by self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale.Results During the clinical decision-making process,40.24％ of the patients were passive,29.27％ had their families as absolute representatives,20.73％ took part collaborating with their families and only 9.76％ were active.47.56％ had anxiety and 64.63％ depression,and the anxiety and depression influenced their participation in clinical decision-making postively and passively relatively.Conclusions Patients with laryngeal cancer are passive in clinical decision-making and most of them have anxiety and depression.Doctors should enhance the communication with patients,which can help to eliminate adverse psychological emotions and make satisfying clinical decision-making.

Associations between "lipid-related" candidate genes, blood lipid concentrations and coronary artery disease (CHD) risk are not clear. We aimed to investigate the effect of three newly identified lipids loci from genome-wide association studies on CHD and blood lipid levels in Chinese Han population. The genotypes of SNPs at three newly identified lipid loci and blood lipids concentrations were examined in 1360 CHD patients and 1360 age- and sex-frequency matched controls from an unrelated Chinese Han population. Allele T of rs16996148 occurred less frequently in CHD patients with the odds ratio (OR) being 0.64 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.81), after adjusting for conventional risk factors and was associated with a 33% decreased CHD risk (P<0.01) comparing with the major allele G. Individuals with GT genotype had the lowest CHD risk. No associations were found between the polymorphisms of other two loci with CHD risk and all three SNPs had no effect on lipid profile in this population. SNP rs16996148 on chromosome 19p13 is significantly associated with lower risk for CHD in Chinese Han population. However, it remains unresolved why these lipid-related loci had significantly less effects than the correspondingly expected effects on blood lipids levels in this population.

Objectives:To compare the susceptibility of serum lipoproteins to oxidation and the effects of high-density lipoprotein on oxidative stress in patients with lipid turbulence.　Methods:VLDL, LDL and HDL were isolated using sequential ultracentrifugation from serum of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) (n=45), myocardial infarction survivor (MIS) (n=33) , cerebral infarction(CI)(n=33) ,type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)(n=53) and normal individuals (n=44). The degree of lipid peroxidation was estimated using the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) value and the susceptibilities of lipoproteins to oxidation were assessed by measuring the increased absorbance value at 234 nm due to the conjugated dinene formation. Lipid levels and lipoprotein fractions were measured using standard methods.　Results: VLDL obtained from the patient groups showed significant increase in TBARS values, especially from the patients with MIS (compared with control group, P<0.001). In addition, LDL from MIS and DM groups and HDL from CI and DM groups also showed markedly increase in TBARS content. Significant decrease in lag time was observed in both VLDL and LDL fractions from the four patient groups. However, no change was found in the lag time in HDL fraction from the patient group compared with control group. In addition, HDL from the four patients exhibited significantly decreased inhibitory effects on in vitro oxidation of LDL, with the most significant decrease in HDL from CRF and MIS groups.　 Conclusions:The oxidative modification of lipoproteins in vivo in patients with serum lipid turbulence might be involved in the development of atherosclerosis in these patients.

Child, Preschool ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; therapeutic use

DNA Damage ; DNA Glycosylases ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA Repair Enzymes ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; genetics ; metabolism

Using sustained release tablets of gardenia extract as model drug and DPPH radical scavenging capacity as antioxidant index, the feasibility of using pharmacodynamics index was explored to evaluate sustained release tablets. Applying the established quantifiable method of DPPH radical scavenging to the dissolved liquid of model drug, release profiles and biological effects profiles were drawn, and their correlation was discussed. A good correlation was observed by linear regression and f2 actor, suggesting that the indicator could be used to evaluate sustained release tabletsofextracts of gardenia in which iridoids were mainly involved.
Antioxidants ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Biphenyl Compounds ; metabolism ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Free Radicals ; metabolism ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Linear Models ; Oxidation-Reduction ; drug effects ; Picrates ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Tablets

Immobilized penicillin acylase was used for bioconversion of penicillin G into 6-APA in aqueous two-phase systems consisted of a light-sensitive polymer PNBC and a pH-sensitive polymer PADB.Partition coefficients of 6-APA was found to be:about 5.78,in the presence of 1% NaCl.Enzyme kinetic showed that reaction reached equilibrium at 7h or so.The 6-APA mole yields were 85.3%(pH 7.8,and 20 ℃) and this value was about 20%higher than control in reaction of single aqueous phase buffer.Partition coefficient of penicillin G(Na) washardly changeable,while partition coefficient of product,6-APA and phenylacetate acid was significantly changeable.Reason is due to Donnan effect of phase systems andhydrophobicity of products.The change of partition coefficients of products also affects bioconversion yield of products.In the aqueous two-phase systems,substrate,penicillin G,products 6-APA and phenylacetate acid are biased in top phase,while immobilized penicillin acylase is completely partitioned in bottom.Substrate,penicillin G enters into bottom phase,and it is catalyzed into 6-APA and phenylacetate acid,then the products enter into top phase.Finally,inhibition of substrate and products is removed to result in improvement of products yield.Moreover,immobilized enzymehashigher efficiency than immobilized cells and occupy smaller volume.Comparing with free enzyme,immobilized enzymehashigher stability,longer use life,completely partitioned in bottom phase and recycle.Bioconversion in two-phase systems using immobilized penicillin acylase showed outstanding advantage.The light-sensitive copolymer forming aqueous two-phase systems could be recovered by laser radiation at 488 nm or filtrated 450 nm light,while pH-sensitive polymer PADB could be recovered by isoelectric point(pH 4.1).The recovery of the two copolymers was 95%~99%.

Objective To compare the effect of radionuclide bone imaging and MRI in locating responsible vertebrae after osteoporotic vertebral compressive fractures (OVCF).Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 25 patients with OVCF treated by percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP)from May 2015 to December 2015.There were 4 males and 21 females,at age range of 63-87 years [(73.3 ±6.16)years].The fractured vertebrae included 2 T4,3 T5,2 T6,2 T7,5 T8,3 T9,3 T10,7 T11,9 T12,11 L1,10 L2,2 L3,5 L4 and 1 L5.Cervical imaging examinations (X-ray,bone mineral density,MRI,radionuclide bone imaging) were performed on admission.Oswestry disability index (ODI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were estimated before operation and 1 d after operation.Results of MRI and radionuclide bone imaging were compared.Results A total of 64 vertebrae were included in our study.Thirty-six vertebrae were recognized as fresh OVCFs by MRI,and 40 by radionuclide bone imaging.Kappa-test indicated the results of the examination methods were statistically significant (P ＜0.05).Specificity (96.6％) and accuracy (98.4％) of MRI were higher than radionuclide bone imaging bone scan (82.8％,92.2％).Conclusions Radionuclide bone imaging has a high consistency with MRI in locating responsible vertebrae after OVCF,but MRI is associated with higher specificity and accuracy.In exceptional cases,radionuclide bone imaging can partly replace MRI as a way to locate OVCF.

Objiective To evaluate the effect of pearventricular device closure of non-muscular ventricular defercts(VSDs) in infants.Methods From April 2007 to February 2008,39 patients with non-muscular VSDs were received off pump surgical treatment,perventricular device closure were for all the patients.There were 16 males and 23 females with mean age of(14.5±7.8) months(12 to 36 months and mean weight of(12.4±2.3)kg(8.5 to 18.0 kg).There were 34 perimembranous and 5 subateria VSD.The diameter of defects were 3.0 to 11 mm[mean(6.1±2.0)mm].Results Thirty-seven(94.9%)VSDs ere successfully closed,while two were repaired under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)instead of device closure because of the complication of moderat aortic reurgitation.The diameter of occluders were 4 to 12mm[mean(8.2±2.0)mm].The tricuspid regurgitations decareasded after operation in 3 patients with perimenmbranous VSDs,while the closure caused new mild or trace tricuspid regurgitations in 8 patients.Six patients with perimembranours VSDs acquired the incomplete right bundle branch blocks affter device closure.The length of hospital stay was 3 to 5 days[mean(3.4±0.4)]after operation and no petient had blood transfusion.Conclustion Perventricular device closure is probably an effective and safe treatment for non-muscular VSDs in unfants.