Objective To explore the operation methods,intraoperative treatment,measures for prevention and treatment of complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) for acute cholecystitis.Methods Two hundred and serenty-two patients with acute cholecystitis from March 2003 to April 2007 were analyzed retrospectively.We performed total laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 260 cases and subtotal laparoscopic cholecystectomy with cholecystomucoclasis of remnant gallbladder in 12 cases.Results None of 272 cases was converted to open operation.There was no mortality,and no bile duct injury or major bleeding.Conclusions Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe and effective method for acute cholecystitis and it has the advantages of minimal trauma,quick recovery and less blood loss.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the standardization of the instruction of levonorgestrel emergency contraception. METHODS:Instruction of levonorgestrel emergency contraception in the market was compared with the national regulations and foreign instruction of the same kind of productions in order to discover the problems in domestic specification. RESULTS:The major problems of domestic instruction of levonorgestrel emergency contraception included instructions without population limits, unclear frequency and interval of drug use,without attention to ADR of levonorgestrel emergency contraception,lack of pharmacy research data. CONCLUSIONS:The problems existing in domestic instruction of levonorgestrel emergency contraception are shortage of items and warnings of drug safety. Related administration departments and enterprises are suggested to modify and perfect the instruction of levonorgestrel emergency contraception.

Objective To discuss the features and prevention of central venous catheter infection in patients undergoing digestive tract operation.Methods The clinical data of 145 patients with central venous catheters after G1 surgery in our hospital from March 2004 to March 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the 145 cases with central venous catheters,40 cases(27.6%)presented with defite catheter related infection and 56 strains of pathogens were isolated and cultured.Of the 56 isolates,28(50%) were of gram-negative bacteria,22(39%) of gram-postive bacteria and 6(11%) of fungi.Six cases suffered from multiple catheter infection(15%),39patients were cured and 1 died.Conclusions Gram-negative bacteria are the most common pathogens for central venous catheter infection in GI operated patients.It is crucial that standardized card of intravenous infusion should be implemented and prophylactic antibiotics should properly be selected for control of enterogenous infection.

Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; pathology ; physiology ; Child ; Child Development ; drug effects ; Female ; Fetus ; drug effects ; Humans ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; physiology ; Metals ; toxicity ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; physiology ; Pregnancy ; Stress, Psychological ; complications

Objective In order to study the application of macroporous resins and so on to the purified active components of Euphorbia humifusa、Leaves of Flos Lonicerae、Chrysanthemum morifolium,adsorption and separation properties for 3 types of macroporous resins and polyamide were investigated.Methods The total flavone was used as the evaluating criteria,we selected suitable macroporous resins and studied optimum technological parameters of the adsorption and elution.Spectrophotometry was used for the determination of total flavone.Results The suitable macroporous resins which were used to the purified active components of traditional Chinese medicine were D101 and DA201 and DM301 for Euphorbia humifusa、DA201 for Leaves of Flos Lonicerae、D101 and DA201 and DM301 for Chrysanthemum morifolium,The concentration of the sample of Euphorbia humifusa for DA201 and D101 were 0.49～1.47 and 0.42～1.31 mg/ml.The concentration of the sample of Leaves of Flos Lonicerae for DA201 was 1.03～2.07 mg/ml.The concentration of the sample of Chrysanthemum morifolium for DA201 and D101 was 0.50～1.00 and 0.71～1.99 mg.ml.In the adsorption course,appeared leaking were 8 and 10、2、2 and 1 BV respectively.In the elution course,when the alcohol concentrations were 20%、30%、40% and 20%、30%、40%;10%、20%、30%;30%、40%、50% and 20%、30%、40%;respectively,the total flavone content in the elution solutions was higher.The influence of temperature to DA201 and D101 adsorpting total flavone for Euphorbia humifusa was not great.But the influence of temperature to DA201 and D101 adsorpting total flavone for Leaves of Flos Lonicerae and Chrysanthemum morifolium were certain degree.Conclusions It is obviously different to refine the total flavone active components of traditional Chinese medicine,while using 3 types of macroporous resins and polyamide.

Objective:To evaluate curative impact of booster immunization with paternal lymphocytes on recurrent spontaneous abortors(RSA)with less reaction of primary patermal lymphocyte immunization.Methods:RSA patients with insufficient materno-fetal immuno-recognition were selected by flow cytometry of blocking antibody analysis and immunized with either induced paternal lymphocytes pretreated by IFN-? in vitro to those of anti-CD3-BE and anti-CD4-BE Ab lower than 0% or direct intradermal vaccination with their paternal lymphocytes without IFN-? pretreatment to those of anti-CD3-BE Ab beyond 0%.Reassessment of blocking antibodies was performed at the end of the second immnunization course.Results:Levels of blocking antibodies were significantly raised after the secondary booster immunization in RSA with insufficient materno-fetal immnuno-recognition whose blocking antibodies continuously decreased after being treated by the primary paternal lymphocyte immunization.No improvement of parameters was observed except the blocking effect in patients receiving secondary direct intradermal vaccination treatment.Conclusion:It is necessary for the RSA with insufficient materno-fetal immuno-recognition to experience secondary booster immunization preferably with paternal lymphocytes pretreated by IFN-? in vitro.

Objective To study the inhibit efficiency of lake sediment phosphorus release by adding chemical reagents and to provide the technical basis for the comprehensive management of city lake.Methods In May 20,2008,Mochou Lake upper sediment and water samples were collected.The phosphorus forms of sediments,total phosphorus(TP),NaOH-P,HCl-P,inorganic phosphorus(IP),organic phosphorus(OP) were analyzed and the pH value and content of TP in water samples were determined.Each water(250 ml)-sediment(10 g) system was respectively added by 0-1 000.0 mg/L of Ca(OH)2,2.0-10.0 mg/L of A12(S04)3 and 0-25.0 mg/L of FeCl3.The pH value and content of TP in water were determined,then the control rate of TP release were calculated.Results The pH values were between 7.6-8.0,TP content was 2.0 mg/L in water of Mochou Lake.The contents of TP,HCl-P,NaOH-P,IP,OP were 2 187.06,1 383.89,526.48,1 910.37 and 276.69 mg/kg respectively.With the increase of Ca(OH)2 concentration,pH value of water increased rapidly,content of TP showed a decreasing trend,control rate of TP release was increased.With the increase of A12(SO4)3 or FeCl3 concentration,pH value of water declined slightly,content of TP showed a decreasing trend,control rate of TP release was increased.Conclusion Ca(OH)2,A12(SO4)3,FeCl3 can significantly inhibit the phosphorus release of sediments in Mochou Lake.

Objective To evaluate the possibility of using preoperative conventional lung function tests and impulse oscilloresistometry system (IOS) to predict the development of postoperative respiratory failure after radical lung cancer surgery in patients with poor pulmonary function. Methods Fifty-two male patients with lung cancer between 51-63 yrs undergoing radical lung cancer surgery were included in this study. Preoperative pulmonary function was assessed by conventional lung function tests ( FEV1.0 , VC, MVV) and impulse oscilloresistometry system (IOS) (peripheral airway resistance R5-R20; elastic resistance ( X5 ) and Fres. Postoperative respiratory failure was defined as short of breath (SOB) , cyanosis, SpO2 45 mm Hg.Results Nine patients developed postoperative respiratory failure (17.3%). There was significant difference in FEV1.0 , R5-R20, X5 and Fres between patients who developed postoperative respiratory failure and those who did not. Logistic regression analysis showed that Fres is an independent factor predicting respiratory failure. Conclusion Fres is an important parameter of impulse oscilloresistometry system (IOS) for prediction of postoperative respiratory failure after lung cancer surgery in patients with poor pulmonary function.

AIM: To investigate therapeutic effects of combination therapy for neovascular glaucoma ( NVG) .
METHODS: This retrospective study comprised 34 eyes of 34 patients who suffered from NVG. All patients were assigned to group A, B, C and D according to the different combination therapies. Group A ( 11 eyes of 11 patients ) was treated with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab and panretinal photocoagulation ( PRP ) . Group B ( 10 eyes of 10 patients ) was treated with transcleral cyclophotocoagulation and PRP. Group C ( 6 eyes of 6 patients) was treated with 3 therapies together. Group D (7 eyes of 7 patients) was treated with 810nm transcleral cyclophotocoagulation and soft gas-permeable contact lenses. All the patients were followed-up for 1a. The best- corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , intraocular pressure ( IOP ) were recorded and analyzed prior to operation and 1, 4wk, 6 and 12mo after operation.
RESULTS: All the post treatment IOP decreased significantly ( P<0. 05 ) from the values before therapy, and the IOP values after 4wk, 6, 12mo were not significantly different ( P > 0. 05 ) in statistics. Most patients' IOP can be controlled below 23mmHg after combination therapy. The visual acuity in group A after 1, 4wk, 6mo compared with those before treatment was significantly increased ( P<0. 05 ) in statistics and other groups did not significantly change before and after treatment (P>0. 05). Anterior chamber bleeding occurred to 2 cases after 1wk of transcleral cyclophotocoagulation. No other ocular or systemic adverse events were found during the follow-up duration.
CONCLUSION: After the combination of intraocular injection of the anti - VEGF drugs, 810nm laser cyclophotocoagulation and PRP, most patients with NVG disease can be effectively treated, can effectively control IOP, and retain part of the visual function, significantly improve the quality of life. In the short - term, combination therapy is safe and effective for NVG, which provides us an available strategy to conquer NVG by simply programmable operation and less suffering.

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are important kinases involved in the intracellular signaling transduction in mammalian. There are three major MAPK pathways: ERK/MAPK,JNK/SAPK and P38 MAPK. Current studies indicate that all of them play significant roles in the processing of pain especially in the development and maintenance of pathological pain. This review will focus on in the study of MAPK in pain modulation. The further insights into its mechanisms may highlight a nice prospect for the therapies of painful diseases.