Recently,the progress in employing transplanting stem cells to cure injured retina is very fast and has been continuously yielding exciting results.Various sources are used in the studies,including retina-derived cells such as M?ller cells and ciliary body cells,and non-retina-derived cells such as embryonic stem cells and brain-derived stem cells.This review briefly discusses the recent progress of these studies.

Objective To introduce a method using hydroxyapatite methylmethacylate cement implanted in the femoral head for the treatment of patients suffering from avascular necrosis of the femoral head due to different causes and to review the medium term follow up results. Methods From January 1990 to December 1995, eight hips in seven patients(male 4, female 3) with femoral head necrosis at Ficat stage Ⅲ were treated with the hydroxyapatite methylmethacylate cement implantation in the involved femoral head. Four osteonecrosis were secondary to femoral neck fracture, two were due to corticosteroid intake and one had alcohol abuse history. All patients complained pain and limited joint activity. The operation consisted of the removal of necrotic bone under weight loading cartilage with curet and the implantation of the hydroxyapatite methylmethacylate cement. The function of hip joint were well evaluated and X ray films were taken pre and postoperatively. The average postoperative follow up was 7.9 years, ranging from 5.1 to 11 years. Results Merle d Aubign? method was used to assess and compare the pre and post operative function of hip joint. The average score for unilateral cases increased from 8.66 to 15.5 at final examination. On radiography, the improvement of the contours of the femoral head was seen in all patients and most of them could preserve their initial postoperative contours during the follow up. No sign of expansion of the bone necrosis appeared in most of the patients, although certain patients presented various joint degeneration such as narrowing of joint space,sclerosis and osteophyte. Subjective evaluation was satisfactory except two suffering from painless limited activity of hip joint. Conclusion This method is relatively simple with less invasion and rapid postoperative recovery. It may be a choice of surgery for the treatment of certain femoral head necrosis at Ficat stage Ⅲ, especially for young patients.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) catalyze the initial and rate limiting step in the catabolism of tryptophan, which is related to tumor immune tolerance and poor prognosis in patients. In this regard, two enzymes have become important therapeutic targets for tumor immunotherapy. So far, nine IDO1 inhibitors and three IDO1/TDO dual inhibitors have entered clinical trials. This review summarizes the research progress of IDO1 inhibitors, TDO inhibitors and IDO1/TDO dual inhibitors from the perspective of medicinal chemistry.

Objective To confirm subject headings which are prepared to be added, deleted and modified in the class of traditional Chinese medicine and related disciplines (TG class) for the new edition of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Subject Headings (CTMMeSH). Methods Compiling principle, word frequency statistics and database retrieval results were considered. Other references, such as MeSH, were also used to help choose subject headings of TG class. Results In TG class, 35 subject headings were planned to be added, such as “medicine, traditional Korean”and“TCM constitution”;35 subject headings were planned to be deleted, such as“medicine, eastern tradition”and“meridians”;19 subject headings were planned to be modified, such as “four-constitution medicine” and “Minority Medicine”. The subject headings of “Minority Medicine”were unified to harmonize the problems of“TCM pharmacy”with other classes of subject terms. Conclusion Subject headings of TG class are chosen based on word frequency statistics. The word form are unified refer to regulation, teaching materials and documents, and should coordinate with subject headings of other classes.

Thanks to the three decades of reform and opening up,hospitals in China have made tremendous achievements in their development,yet facing new ehallenges as well.to address these challenges,there is an urgent need for these hospitals to further their reform under the guideline of the scientific concept of development.This will help them strengthen their hospital culture,quality control,technology,human resources development,and their leadership,in order to achieve a better and faster growth,better serving the role to build a harmonious socialist society.

Objective To investigate the clinical effectiveness of dynamic hip screw (DHS) internal fixation and proximal femoral nail (PFN) internal fixation for intertrochanteric femoral fractures.Methods One hundred and sixty-five patients with intertrochanteric femoral fractures were randomly divided into 2 groups,85 patients were in DHS group and 80 patients were in PFN group.The clinical effectiveness,index in operative procedure and complications were compared between two groups.Results The fine rate of DHS group and PFN group was 75.3％(64/85 ) and 83.8％( 67/80 ) (P ＞ 0.05 ).The indexes of function recover time,fracture healing time,amount of bleeding in operation,operation time in PFN group were significant lower than those in DHS group [(54.3 ± 11.7 ) d vs.(92.6 ± 10.5 ) d,(63.8 ± 12.2) d vs.(71.3 ± 10.6) d,(453.3 ± 50.7) ml vs.(627.5 ± 46.8) ml,(77.9 ± 25.2) min vs.( 115.7 ± 32.8) min](P＜0.05 ).The rate of short-term complications was 16.2％ (13/80) in PFN group,and 12.9 ％ ( 11/85 ) in DHS group(P ＞ 0.05 ).The rate of long-term complications was 1.2％( 1/80 ) in PEN group and 4.7％(4/85 ) in plts group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions As the treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fractures,PFN internal fixation has less bleeding and better efficacy,and can improve function recovery.PFN internal fixation is a better method for unstable femoral fracture.

The primary function of optical in vivo imaging technique is tracing and detecting the action and expression of maker cells,maker microorganisms and maker molecules.This technique makes possible the noinvasive study of biological events continuously with high sensibility,simplicity and high speed.It has been applied in numerous research fields.This paper presents a review of principle and application of this technique.

Objective To analyze the surgical treatment of hemangioma of limbs complicated by Kasabach-Mcrritt phenomenon in children.Methods A retrospective study was carried out on 31 children with hemangioma of limbs complicated by Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon.Lower limbs were affected in 19 patients,and upper limbs in 12 patients.Twenty-six patients showed decreased platelet count ((2.6-60) × 109/L) and fibrinogen level (＜ 1 g/L),and 21 prolonged partial prothrombin time (＞ 50 seconds).All the patients who had responded poorly to medications including glucocorticoids received surgical treatment.Results Of these patients,30 were cured,and one died of massive blood loss.After surgical treatment,the platelet count returned to normal in 1-3 days in 25 patients,3-7 days in 4 patients,and more than 10 days in one patient.Conclusions For pediatric hemangiomas of limbs complicated by Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon,surgical treatment should be given as early as possible so as to reduce mortality in patients.

Objective To analyze the characteristics and risk factors of preoperative deep vein thrombosis in patients with hip fracture,and provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment and intervention.Methods 470 patients with hip fracture were chosen as the objects of study.The clinical data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed,including age,gender,injury,combined with other systemic diseases,fracture type (whether old fractures),two D-dimer level.All the patients with deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity were divided into DVT group and nonDVT group.There were 83 cases in DVT group,387 cases in non-DVT group.The factors like aboves as independent variables,presence of deep vein thrombosis as dependent variable,,preoperative deep venous thrombosis of the characteristics and risk factors were analyzed.Results 83 patients had DVT,the incidence rate was 17.7％.There were significant difference in age (40/83 vs 268/387),combined with other system diseases (57/83 vs 283/387),prevention measures (58/83 vs 196/387),D-thrombosis two dimer level (16/83 vs 122/387) of the two groups (x2 =13.712,14.836,9.876,5.313,all P ＜ 0.05).3 age ≥ 40 years,with other system diseases and injury,did not take to prevent the formation of thrombus measures were independent risk factors influencing the occurrence of DVT.Conclusion Age ≥40 years,combined with other system diseases and injury,don't take to prevent the formation of thrombus measures are independent risk factors influencing the occurrence of DVT.

This paper focuses mainly on the study of optimal fermentation conditions of S-adenosyl-L-methionine.Effects of carbon sources,nitrogen sources,inorganic constituents,growth factors and adding time of L-methionine on the yield,the content and biomass of S-adenosyl-L-methionine are studied.And ingredients of the culture medium are also optimized by the method of uniform design.The final optimum culture medium contains: glucose 30 g,Yeast powder 11 g,(NH_4)_2SO_4 12 g,K_2HPO_4?3H_2O 5 g,KH_2PO_4 10 g,MnSO_4?H_2O 0.09 g,ZnSO_4?7H_2O 0.14 g,MgCl_20.5 g,CaCl_2 0.3 g,CuSO_4 0.005 g per liter. Using that optimum culture medium,the yield of S-adenosyl-L-methionine can reach 0.9 g/L in Erlenmeyer flask which is 30 % higher than before.Experiment on 5 L fermenter reveals that the accumulation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine can reach 2.66 g/L.Biomass is 23.4 g/L.