OBJECTIVETo study the changes of cardiovascular regulating factors in rats during recovery of aerobic exhaustive exercise.

METHODSSixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, 1 h-exercise group, 3 h-exercise group, exhausted group, 2 h-recovery group and 12 h-recovery group. The rats were killed at corresponding times for each group after an 8-week-long treadmill training, and the levels of NO, ET, ANP and TXB2 in plasma were measured in each group.

RESULTSNO/ET ratio of 1 h-exercise group was significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.01), while it was significantly decreased in 3 h-exercise group and exhausted group (P < 0.05). ANP contents in rat plasma were significantly higher in 3 h-exercise group, exhausted group and 2 h-recovery group than that in control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The concentration of TXB2 in plasma was significantly increased in 3 h-exercise group, exhausted group and 2 h-recovery group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONChanges in cardiovascular regulating factors after exhaustive exercise may lead to deficiency of coronary circulation blood/oxygen supply, which may cause exercise-induced fatigue.

Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; blood ; Cardiovascular System ; physiopathology ; Endothelins ; blood ; Exercise Test ; Fatigue ; blood ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Thromboxane B2 ; blood

Animals ; Aortitis ; pathology ; Biopsy ; Dendritic Cells ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Giant Cell Arteritis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Interleukin-12 ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Polymyalgia Rheumatica ; pathology ; Temporal Arteries ; pathology

Object To determine the baicalin content in skullcap polyploid by MEKC and HPLC, and to provide the reliable method used to determine a large number of samples. Methods On the basis of methodology of MEKC and HPLC, the baicalin in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. was determined, the data and relevant analysis were compared. Results The data of the content determined by HPLC was similar to that by MEKC, but the former showed slightly higher 1%-3%. There was no significant variation between the two methods with higher correlation coefficient. Conclusion Both the above two methods could be accurately used to determine the baicalin in S. baicalensis. The MEKC has some advantages, such as quick, save time with lower solvent cost, and is suitable for the large number of samples in the determination of baicalin of S. baicalensis.

Objective To explore the treatment effect and mechanism of A-NK cells on the subcutaneous trans?planted tumor of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in nude mice through observing the external growth and hyperplasia of A-NK cells and to provide theoretical evidence for squamous cell carcinoma treatment. Methods A-NK cells and NA-NK cells were both derived from healthy human peripheral blood and cultured in vitro. Cell growth was observed under micro?scope. The squamous cell carcinoma model in nude mice was established through subcutaneous implanting of Tca8113 cells. Then they were randomly assigned into three groups who were injected with either saline solution, or A-NK cells or NA-NK cells paraneoplastically. All animals were sacrificed after 33 days when tumor were isolated then weight and change in tumor size were assessed. Finally curve of tumor growth was drawn. Results Under the microscope, the proliferation of A-NK cells peak in 15 days and NA-NK cells peak in 12 days. After 3 weeks, the number of A-NK cells increased by 39.33 times while the number of NA-NK cells increased by 16.33 times. The Volume of tongue squamous cell carcinoma in saline solu?tion group was larger than that in A-NK cells and NA-NK cells groups, and volume in the NA-NK cells group was larger than that in A-NK cells group. The volume of tongue neoplasms in different groups, time, and interaction effects are statisti?cally significant (P<0.01). The tongue neoplasms weight in the saline solution group was greater than that in the A-NK cells and NA-NK cells group, and the weight in NA-NK cells group was greater than that in A-NK cells group, and the difference are statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion A-NK cells and NA-NK cells can significantly inhibit the subcutane?ous transplanted tumors in nude mice and the anti tumor effect of A-NK group is stronger than NA-NK.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Free Radicals ; metabolism ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Iatrogenic nerve injury is one of the most severe complications of surgical correction for spinal deformity with different etiologies.The intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has been widely used to detect the nerve injury in spinal correction surgery.The commonly used IONM techniques involve somatosensory evoked potential (SEP),motor evoked potentials (MEP) and electromyography (EMG).All the IONM techniques have both advantages and disadvantages,while combing SEP,MEP and EMG in the spinal correction surgery could maximumly improve the accuracy and reliability of the IONM.The different pathophysiology of patients with spinal deformity due to different etiologies might significantly decrease the success rate,sensitivity,and specificity of IONM,which might further decrease the reliability of IONM.However,the IONM still serves as the most important monitoring method for the iatrogenic nerve injury in patients with different spinal deformity due to different etiologies.For those monitoring changes that cannot be distinguished,the wake-up test is still the gold standard.

Objective:To explore the treatment effect of A-NK cells on the subcutaneously transplanted tumor of tongue squamous cell carcinoma in nude mice.Methods:Tca8113-Tb cells were subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice,14 tumor bearing mice were randomly assigned to 2 groups(n =7).The mice in control group were injected with normal saline,those in the experimental group were injected with A-NK cells.All animals were killed 33 days after tumor cell transplantation,The tumor volume and weight of the mice were measured and compared.Results:A-NK cells significantly inhibited tumor growth in nude mice in terms of the volume (P ＜0.05).After 15 -33 d of treatment the tumor weight(g)in the treated and control mice were 0.96 ±0.38 and 3.74 ±1.22 re-spectively(P ＜0.05).Conclusion:A-NK cells can inhibit the growth of Tca8113-Tb cell induced tumor in nude mice.

Objective To compare survival according to the extent of lymph node dissection in patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.To identify the subgroups of patients that could get survival benefit from three-field lymph node dissection.Methods Between January 1999 and December 2007,1551 patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma received esophagectomy plus three-field lymph node dissection (3 FL) (n =1131) or two-field lymph node dissection (2FL) (n =420).We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and patterns of lymphatic spread of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Survival rates between 3FL and 2FL were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method and Log-Rank test.Multivariate analysis were also performed to assess the element which affect the survival in 3FL and 2FL group by Cox regression.Results No significant differences in age,gender and depth of tumor invasion were found between 3 FL group and 2FL group.The 3FL group included more patients with upper thoracic esophageal tumors(17.6％ vs.9.8％) and patients with lymph node metastasis(LNM) (62.7％ vs.52.9％).Cox-proportional multivariate analysis showed that extent of lymph node dissection(3FL vs 2FL) was a significant prognostic factor in overall survival; 3 FL was beneficial for patients with upper thoracic esophageal tumors(P =0.002,5-year survival rate 53.2％ vs.34.1％).The 3FL group in patients with middle/lower thoracic esophageal tumors who had no LNMs(N0) had better 5-year survival than the 2FL group(5-year survival rate 77.5％ vs.70.7％),but no significant differences were found (P =0.235).or; Among patients with middle/lower thoracic esophageal tumors who had 1-6 LNMs (N1-N2),3 FL was beneficial for patients with mediastinum LNMs (P =0.006,5-year survival rate 41.1％ vs.32.8％) For patients with ≥7 LNMs(N3),cervical lymphadenectomy did not show additional survival benefits.Conclusion Our findings suggest that extent of lymph node dissection(3FL vs 2FL) is a significant prognostic factor for thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.3FL offers survival benefit over 2FL in patients with upper thoracic esophageal tumors or patients with middle/lower thoracic esophageal tumors who have 1-6 LNMs with mediastinum lymph node metastasis.

Objective To investigate the relationship of nodal skip metastasis(NSM) and clinicopathological factors of middle thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients.Methods Between January 1999 and December 2007,695 patients with middle thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who had lymph node metastasis were reviewed.All patients received McKeown esophagectomy.We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and NSM status.Survival rates were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method and Log-Rank test.Multivariate analysis were also performed to assess the element which affect the survival by Cox regression.Results NSM were present in 226 (32.5％) patients.No significant differences in age,gender,tumor differentiation and extent of lymph node dissection depth of tumor invasion were found between skip metastasis group and continuous metastasis group.The NSM group included more patients with earlier T stage and N stage.Univariate analysis displayed that NSM was beneficial for patients with middle thoracic esophageal tumors (P ＜ 0.001).Cox-proportional multivariate analysis showed NSM was not a significant prognostic factor in overall survival.The overall survival did not differ according to NSM status in subgroups with different N stage.T1-2 patients,no significant difference of 5-year survival rate was found between skip metastasis group and continuous metastasis group(P =0.059).T3-4 patients,significant difference of 5-year survival rate was found between skip metastasis group and continuous metastasis group(P =0.001).NSM patients were then separated into 3 groups based on the extent of metastasis lymph nodes:both cervical and abdominal NSM (n =45,19.9％),cervical NSM (n =120,53.1％) and abdominal NSM (n =61,27.0％).The number of metastasis lymph nodes was significantly different among the three groups.No survival differences were observed among the three groups.Conclusion NSM is more frequently in the earlier stage compared to continuous metastasis.Three field lymphadenectomy can reduce the recurrence of T3-4 patients,and improve the survival rate of five years.The presence of NSM does not predict prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Recently, with the increasing popularity of dental implant and orthognathic surgery, more and more people pay attention to the structure of mandibular canal and adjacent tissues. However, there are few reports addressing specimen measurements at home and abroad. OBJECTIVE: To measure the anatomical data of mandibular canal and adjacent tissue of mandible specimen to provide reliable reference data and anatomical evidence for alveolus surgery, tooth implantation, and orthognathic surgery. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A controlled observation was performed at the Laboratory of Anatomy, Jilin Medical College between March 2007 and September 2007. MATERIALS: Twenty complete mandible specimens. METHODS: Sixteen adult, ex vivo mandibles with complete dentition and 4 edentulous mandibles were measured in every dental position of sagittal profile and posterior mental foramen in terms of molar, alveolar crest, and mandibular canal. Data were statistically analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mental foramen location, horizontal distance from anterior border of mental foramen to anterior border of mental canal, mandibular foramen location, distances from mandibular canal to molar root tip, lingual bone plate of mandible, inferior border of mandible, mandibular buccal bone plate, and alveolar ridge crest. RESULTS: Mandibular canal, located in the inferior region of the mandible body, ran towards the lingual side and was close to the inferior border of mandible and most close to the mandibular molar root tip. It turned towards posterolateral and buccal side in front of mental foramen and then passed through mental foramen. The distance of mandibular canal between edentulous mandible and alveolar ridge crest was obviously shortened. CONCLUSION: Multi-section observation and measurement of ex vivo mandible specimens provide precise, reliable evidence for preoperative design of orthognathic surgery, facilitate surgeons to better formulate surgical proposals, and prevent some complications, including intraoperative massive hemorrhage, interior alveolar nerve injury, mandibular angle fracture, and mental bone lateral wall perforation.