Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a 33-amino acid peptide derived from the tissue-specific, post-translational processing of the proglucagon gene.GLP-2 is a newly discovered,specific for the intestine growth factor that affects gastrointestinal functions including epithelial growth of normal and developing intestinal preventing damage and facilitating intestinal repair in animal models and patients of intestinal disease. GLP-2 also inhibits gastrointestinal motility and gastric acid secretion, up-regulates intestinal blood flow and reduces food intake. The actions of GLP-2 are initiated by activation of the GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R), a specific G-protein-linked membrane receptor. This review provides an overview of the physiological, pharmacological, and therapeutic actions of GLP-2 and GLP-2R signaling mechanism, with a focus on the most recent findings on the role of this peptide hormone in the normal and diseased gastrointestinal tract.

Objective To investigate the effect of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels and cognitive dysfunction on patients with type 2 diabetes and explore the other factors that affect cognitive function.Methods 80 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected as our subjects and they were divided into cognitive impairment group (38 cases),cognitive normal group (42 cases) according to a simple mental state scale(MMSE) score.The plasma Hcy,glycosylated hemoglobin,blood lipid,uric acid,24 h urine trace albumin were measured.Results Plasma Hcy concentration in diabetic cognitive dysfunction,non cognitive impairment group and normal control group respectively were(19.56 ± 5.23),(16.21 ± 3.27),(14.67 ± 4.27) tmol/L,and there was statistically significant difference(F =3.76,P ＜0.05).The plasma Hcy levels in diabetic cognitive impairment group was higher than that non-cognitive impairment group(P ＜ 0.05) and normal control group (P ＜ 0.01),The factors impaired cognitive function in patients with other factors included age,glycosylated hemoglobin,body mass index,diabetes duration and plasma Hcy levels,and there were negative correlation with MMSE score (r =-0.336,-0.285,-0.226,-0.392,-0.312 ; all P values were less than 0.05).Conclusion Patient's age,duration of diabetes,glycosylated hemoglobin and BMI can affect cognitive function in patients.Higher Hcy levels in patients with type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for cognitive impairment.

Objective To investigate how vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) up-regulates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 via protein kinase C(PKC)/ nitric oxide(NO) pathway in the retina of diabetic rats.Methods All the rats were divided into 4 groups: normal,diabetes,diabetes+PKCI and control groups.Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of STZ.PKC inhibitor GF109203X was injected intravitreally after 5 months of streptozotocin induced diabetes.NO was determined by nitrate reductase method.VEGF and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) were measured by Western blot.Results VEGF and NO expressions increased obviously in the retina of diabetic rats compared with those in the normal group(P

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Solvents ; analysis

Objective: To investigate the status of overweight and obesity and associated factors among primary and middle school students in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into formulating the prevention and control strategies for overweight and obesity in students. Methods: Primary and middle school students from 5 counties (cities, districts) of Huzhou City were selected by using stratified cluster random sampling method from September to November, 2023. The general information, dietary habits and exercise behaviors were collected using the Student Health Status and Influencing Factors Questionnaire. Height and weight were measured, and body mass index was used to analyze overweight and obesity in primary and middle school students. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of overweight and obesity. Results: A total of 7 573 students were surveyed, including 3 791 males (50.06%) and 3 782 females (49.94%). There were 2 754 primary school students (36.37%), 2 744 junior high school students (36.23%) and 2 075 senior high school students (27.40%). There were 2 166 students with overweight and obesity (28.60%), 1 186 students with overweight (15.66%), and 980 students with obesity (12.94%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that gender (female, OR=0.546, 95%CI: 0.493-0.604), frequency of sweetened beverage consumption (once and more per day, OR=1.349, 95%CI: 1.102-1.650), and frequency of milk and milk products consumption (less than once per day, OR=0.742, 95%CI: 0.577-0.954) were the influencing factors for overweight and obesity in primary and middle school students. Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students in Huzhou City is 28.60%, and is associated with gender, frequency of sweetened beverages and milk and milk products consumption.

Child, Preschool ; Coronary Aneurysm ; etiology ; pathology ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; complications ; pathology

The study was conducted to explore the response of growth and yield of Tulipa edulis to flower bud removal and artificial pollination. And flower bud removal and artificial pollination were carried out in the squaring period and bloom stage respectively. The morphological index and biomass indicators were determined and the yield was counted in harvest time. Result showed that flower bud removal was beneficial to the growth of T. edulis, resulting in increasing growth index, biomass as well as the yield of bulb. The diameter and dry weight of T. edulis fruit by artificial pollination were increased significantly compared with the control. Seed setting percentage increased to 100%, and the number of seed as well as the single grain weight increased by 69.03% and 16.48%, respectively, which did not significantly affect the bulb production. In conclusion, Flower bud removal treatment accelerates bulb biomass increase, so as to improve its yield. Artificial pollination raised significantly seed setting percentage, seed number as well as the single grain weight.
Biomass ; Botany ; methods ; Flowers ; growth & development ; physiology ; Pollen ; growth & development ; physiology ; Pollination ; Tulipa ; growth & development ; physiology

The effect of low temperature storage on dormancy breaking, sprouting and growth after planting of Tulipa edulis was studied. The results showed that starch content and activity of amylases significantly decreased during 10 weeks of cold storage, soluble protein content raised at first then decreased, and the peak appeared at the 6th week. However, total soluble sugar content which in- creased slowly at first than rose sharply and reducing sugar content increased during the storage duration. The bulbs with cold storage treatment rooted in the 6th week, which was about 2 weeks earlier than room temperature storage, but there were less new roots in the late period of storage. After stored at a low temperature, bud lengths were longer than that with room temperature treatment. Cold storage treatment could promote earlier emergence, shorten germination time, prolong growth period and improve the yield of bulb, but rarely affect the emergence rate. It was not beneficial to flowering and fruiting. The results indicated that 6-8 weeks of cold storage was deemed to be the key period of dormancy breaking preliminary.
Cold Temperature ; Plant Dormancy ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; growth & development ; physiology ; Tulipa ; chemistry ; growth & development ; physiology

To discuss the physiology teaching mode and method for adult higher education and aim to improve high effect and quality of teaching,we should use visual thinking and divergent thinking in class,and employ interactive and elicitation teaching method,pay attention to connect physiology with clinical practice,and make the lectures in class lively to stimulate students'interior incentive,improve students'ablitiy of comprehensive thinking and cultivate students to use physiological knowledge to analyze and solve the problems.

Objective To explore the symptoms of anxiety,family structure,and the distribution features of family about in-patients.And to find out the influence of the family structure on in-patients' symptoms of anxiety.The results would provide evidentiary support and suggestions for in-patients to improve quality of life and for prevention and intervention of anxiety.Methods Family table was used to register the family structure which was classified as the nuclear family,stem/expended family and other classification.The anxiety of in-patients was measured by self-rating anxiety scale.Results A total of 512 cases of in-patients completed the survey,there were 483 valid questionnaires.The rate of effective questionnaire was 94.34％.In family structure of in-patients,core family accounted for 48.65％,stem/expended family was 36.85％.The sex of family structure showed significant difference,the female proportion of the nuclear family was significantly higher than male.Among all in-patients,78.05％ did not have anxiety,low-level,medium-level,and severe anxiety showed no significant differences.The effects of anxiety on family structure had significant differences.The anxiety level of stem family was relatively higher.Conclusions Economic development and the population flow due to industrialization and globalization changed family structure of our country,especially in coastal de-velopment cities with fast economic development,fast-paced and stressful work,and it may affect the influ-ence of Chinese traditional family structure on anxiety of the in-patients.