BACKGROUND:Spleen has the functions of blood storage,hematopoiesis,and immunity.With the increase of age,the structural degeneration and functional decline of spleen lead to the impairment of immune system function,thus accelerating the aging process of the body.The treatment of spleen aging in tree shrews with highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells has not been reported. OBJECTIVE:To explore the intervention effect and mechanism of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on spleen aging in tree shrews. METHODS:Highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were isolated,cultured,and obtained from the umbilical cord tissue of newborn tree shrews by caesarean section.The differentiation abilities of adipogenesis,osteogenesis,and chondrogenesis were detected by three-line differentiation kit.Cell cycle and surface markers were detected by flow cytometry.The second generation of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were transfected with Genechem Green Fluorescent Protein with infection complex values of 100,120,140,160,180,and 200,respectively,to screen the best transfection conditions.After transfection,the fourth generation of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was injected into the tail vein of tree shrews in the elderly treatment group.The young control group and the aged model group were not given special treatment.After 4 months of treatment,the spleen tissue was taken and the structure of the spleen was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.β-Galactosidase staining was used to detect the activity of aging-related galactosidase.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression levels of p21 and p53 proteins.Ki67 and PCNA immunofluorescence staining was used to detect cell proliferation activity.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression levels of spleen autophagy protein molecules Beclin 1 and APG5L/ATG5.Reactive oxygen species fluorescence staining was used to detect the content of reactive oxygen species in spleen tissue.CD3 immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the change of the proportion of total T lymphocytes.The secretion levels of interleukin 1β and transforming growth factor β1 in spleen were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The distribution of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells labeled with green fluorescent protein in spleen tissue was observed by DAPI double staining of nucleus. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells grew in a short spindle shape with fish-like growth,with a large proportion of G0/G1 phase,and had the potential to differentiate into adipogenesis,osteogenesis,and chondrogenesis.(2)Multiplicity of infection=140 and transfection for 72 hours were the best conditions for labeling tree shrews highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells with Genechem Green Fluorescent Protein.(3)Compared with the aged model group,in the aged treatment group,the spleen tissue cells of tree shrews were arranged closely,and the area of white pulp was increased(P<0.01);the boundary between red pulp and white pulp was clear;the proportion of germinal centers did not show statistically significant difference(P>0.05).The activity level of galactosidase related to spleen tissue aging was decreased(P<0.001),and the expression levels of aging protein molecules p21 and p53 were down-regulated(P<0.001).The expression levels of proliferation-related molecules Ki67 and PCNA were up-regulated(P<0.001,P<0.05);expression levels of autophagy-related molecules Beclin 1 and APG5L/ATG5 were up-regulated(P<0.001),and the content of reactive oxygen species decreased(P<0.001),and the proportion of CD3+T cells increased(P<0.05).The secretion level of interleukin 1β in the aging-related secretion phenotype decreased(P<0.001);no significant difference was found in transforming growth factor β1 level(P>0.05).Compared with the young control group,the above indexes were significantly different in the elderly treatment group(P<0.05).(4)Green fluorescent cells labeled with green fluorescent protein were observed in spleen tissue of tree shrews the elderly treatment group by frozen tissue section observation.The results show that intravenous infusion of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can migrate to spleen tissue,inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species,down-regulate the expression of aging-related proteins,induce autophagy,promote cell proliferation,reduce chronic inflammation,and then improve the structure and function of spleen tissue.

Objective: To investigate the occupational health literacy (OHL) level and its influencing factors of key populations in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide a basis for promoting occupational health. Methods: The front-line workers of 7 secondary industry enterprises (institutions) and 15 tertiary industry enterprises (institutions) in Jinhua City were selected from April to October 2023 using a stratified random cluster sampling method. Date of gender, age, length of service, and OHL were collected using the National Occupational Health Literacy Monitoring Survey for Key Population Personal Questionnaire. Factors affecting OHL level among key populations were identified using multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 3 305 people were investigated, including 1 750 males (52.95%) and 1 555 females (47.05%). The median age and the length of service were 37 (interquartile range, 17) and (interquartile range, 9) years, respectively. The level of OHL was 45.63%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified gender (female, OR=1.675, 95%CI: 1.428-1.964), educational level (junior high school, OR=1.499, 95%CI: 1.089-2.063; high school, OR=1.905, 95%CI: 1.361-2.667; junior college, OR=4.065, 95%CI: 2.858-5.782; bachelor degree and above, OR=5.087, 95%CI: 3.597-7.194), personal monthly income (3 000-< 5 000 yuan, OR=1.373, 95%CI: 1.035-1.821; 5 000-<7 000 yuan, OR=1.653, 95%CI: 1.230-2.220; ≥7 000 yuan, OR=1.798, 95%CI: 1.322-2.447) and length of service (2-<6 years, OR=1.265, 95%CI: 1.032-1.551; 6-<11 years, OR=1.517, 95%CI: 1.184-1.943; ≥11 years, OR=1.337, 95%CI: 1.040-1.719) as factors affecting OHL level among key populations. Conclusions The OHL level of the key populations in Jinhua City is related to gender, age, education level, personal monthly income, and length of service. It is necessary to strengthen the occupational health education and health promotion of the key populations.

In a healthy human, the airway mucus forms a thin, protective liquid layer covering the surface of the respiratory tract. It comprises a complex blend of mucin, multiple antibacterial proteins, metabolic substances, water, and electrolytes. This mucus plays a pivotal role in the lungs' innate immune system by maintaining airway hydration and capturing airborne particles and pathogens. However, heightened mucus secretion in the airway can compromise ciliary clearance, obstruct the respiratory tract, and increase the risk of pathogen colonization and recurrent infections. Consequently, a thorough exploration of the mechanisms driving excessive airway mucus secretion is crucial for establishing a theoretical foundation for the eventual development of targeted drugs designed to reduce mucus production. Across a range of lung diseases, excessive airway mucus secretion manifests with unique characteristics and regulatory mechanisms, all intricately linked to mucin. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms associated with excessive airway mucus secretion in several prevalent lung diseases.
Humans ; Mucus/metabolism* ; Mucins/physiology* ; Lung Diseases/metabolism* ; Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology* ; Asthma/physiopathology* ; Cystic Fibrosis/physiopathology* ; Mucociliary Clearance/physiology*

In the context of delayed marriage and parenthood, decreased willingness in having children, and population aging in China, maternal and child health has become an important and urgent issue. Being essential platforms for research in maternal and child health, the importance of birth cohorts has been widely recognized. In the past 20 years, tens of birth cohorts have been established in major cities and regions of China, with cohorts ranging from thousands to hundreds of thousands. These cohorts, particularly those large ones launched in recent years, have collected a wide spectrum of data and biological samples from mothers and children. Although they have made considerable preliminary achievements, there remain difficulties and challenges. The significant challenges include small and medium-sized cohorts' lacking of clear research themes; insufficient recognition of and emphasis on behavioral and social determinants of health while emphasizing biological determinants of health; variations in types of variables and quality of data collected, which make it difficult for cohorts to be merged and shared; lack of and difficulties in long-term follow-up; significant uncertainties in resources for long-term sustention of the cohorts, and so on. So, we argue that birth cohorts should focus on essential and urgent issues in maternal and child health in the country and seek recognition and support from the government and the entire society. Last but not least, the overall success of birth cohorts in the country requires scientists to be not only academically capable, but also realistic, persistent, altruistic, and collaborative.

Objective:To analyze clinical characteristics of primary pancreatic lymphoma (PPL) patients.Methods:Clinical features of 22 patients diagnosed as PPL admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2002 to May 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The median age was 56.4±13.3 years. The median time from onset to diagnosis was 1.0 (1.0, 3.0) months. The main clinical manifestations were abdominal pain (15/22), weight loss (14/22) and jaundice (10/22). Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was observed in 15/20 (75%) patients. Only 2 (2/9, 22.2%) patients had increased CA199 levels and 2 (2/9, 22.2%) patients had increased CEA levels. The maximum tumor diameter was 5.0 (3.8, 6.9) cm. Contrast-enhanced CT mostly showed low enhancement lesions. Major pancreatic duct dilatation were rare on CT scan (4/20). Fifteen patients were confirmed by pancreatic pathology, of which 8 were obtained by surgery, 4 were obtained by CT or ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy, and 3 were obtained by EUS-FNA. The main pathological type was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (14/22). 19 patients received chemotherapy, and 6 patients died with a median follow-up of 5.0 (1.5, 35.5) months.Conclusions:PPL is rare and easy to be misdiagnosed. Elevated LDH levels, normal tumor markers, and non-dilatation of main pancreatic duct are important diagnostic clues. It is important to obtain pathology by EUS-FNA and other methods for definite diagnosis.

Objective Through a multi-software visual analysis of the literature on the influence of T cells on rheumatoid arthritis(RA)in recent ten years,the research hotspot and frontier development in this field were summarized.Methods The Chinese and English literature on the influence of T cells on RA from 2012 to 2022 years was retrieved from CNKI and Web of Science database as the research object.CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to analyze the number of publications,authors and keywords.Results 519 articles in Chinese and 861 in English were retrieved.The results showed that the number of articles in Chinese increased slowly from 2020 to 2022 years,while the overall trend in English was stable.Keyword analysis shows that it is predicted that future research in this field will focus on the pathogenesis of T cells in RA,the mechanism of bone destruction in RA,disease activity,oxidative stress.Conclusion The influence of T cells on RA has attracted much attention in the past,present and future,and has great research value.However,due to the differences in research priorities at home and abroad,the teams should interact positively and communicate with each other to reveal the internal mechanism of RA and provide theoretical basis for targeted therapy.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in neck and shoulder among workers in pharmaceutical and chemical enterprises, so as to provide the basis for prevention of WMSDs. Methods: Workers in 8 pharmaceutical and chemical enterprises in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province from July to October 2023 were sampled using a stratified random sampling method, and demography, work conditions and WMSDs prevalence were collected using questionnaire surveys. Factors affecting WMSDs in neck and shoulder were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1 343 workers were surveyed, including 496 males (36.93%) and 847 females (63.07%). The mean age of workers was 38 (15) years, and the length of service in current posts was 6 (8) years. There were 356 workers with WMSDs (26.51%), with 206 workers with neck WMSDs (15.34%) and 167 workers with shoulder WMSDs (12.43%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that gender (female, OR=1.692, 95%CI: 1.203-2.381), sufficient rest time (OR=0.660, 95%CI: 0.471-0.926) and maintaining same neck posture for a long time (OR=1.690, 95%CI: 1.148-2.510) were factors affecting neck WMSDs; gender (female, OR=1.572, 95%CI: 1.060-2.311), sufficient rest time (OR=0.619, 95%CI: 0.422-0.906), repetitive daily work (OR=1.678, 95%CI: 1.064-2.647), uncomfortable work posture (OR=3.791, 95%CI: 1.330-10.803), multiple repetitive movements per minute (OR: 1.988-2.413, 95%CI: 1.060-4.161) and maintaining same neck posture for a long time (OR=1.926, 95%CI: 1.218-3.043) were factors affecting shoulder WMSDs. Conclusion The prevalence of WMSDs in neck and shoulder are high among workers in pharmaceutical and chemical enterprises in Jinhua City, and mainly affected by gender, rest time and adverse ergonomics.

Objective:To investigate the long-term efficacy of self-designed posterior atlas polyaxial screw-plate in the treatment of unstable atlas fracture.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 20 patients with unstable atlas fracture who were admitted to Affiliated Honghui Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from January 2011 to April 2013, including 14 males and 6 females, aged 23-60 years [(42.7±8.6)years]. All the patients were treated with internal fixation using self-designed posterior atlas polyaxial screw-plate. The operation time and intraoperative bleeding volume were recorded. The fracture reduction was evaluated by CT scan at 3 days after surgery. The bone healing was observed by X-ray (anterior-posterior and lateral views of the cervical spine) and CT scan at 9 months after surgery. The delayed spinal cord injuries were evaluated by Frankel grade at 1 and 2 years after surgery and at the last follow-up. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before surgery, at 3 months, 1 year, 2 years after surgery and at the last follow-up were compared. The axial rotation, flexion and extension range of the cervical spine at 3 months, 1 year, 2 years after surgery and at the last follow-up were compared. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed.Results:All the patients were followed up for 121-148 months [(135.0±6.8)months]. The operation duration was 68-122 minutes [(86.0±14.1)minutes], with the intraoperative blood loss of 90-400 ml [(120.0±67.9)ml]. The CT scan of the cervical spine at 3 days after surgery showed all satisfactory fracture reduction. Satisfactory bone reunion was observed at 9 months after surgery. All patients were scaled as Frankel grade E at 1 year, 2 years and at the last follow-up after surgery, with no delayed spinal cord injuries observed. The VAS scores of the cervical spine at 3 months, 1 year, 2 years after surgery and at the last follow-up were 2.0(1.3, 3.0)points, 1.0(1.0, 1.8)points, 1.0(0.3, 1.0)points and 1.0(0.3, 1.0)points, which were significantly lower than that before surgery [7.0(6.0, 7.8)points] ( P<0.05), with significantly lower scores at 1-, 2-year after surgeny and at the last follow-up than at 3 months after surgery ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences among the other time points ( P>0.05). The axial rotation ranges of the cervical spine were (103.0±8.3)°, (128.3± 11.4)° and (129.8±13.6)° at 1 year, 2 years after surgery and at the last follow-up respectively, which were significantly higher than that at 3 months after surgery [(85.3±7.0)°] ( P<0.05); It was further improved at 2 years after surgery and at the last follow-up compared with that at 1 year after surgery ( P<0.05), with no significant difference at the last follow-up compared with that at 2 years after surgery ( P>0.05). The flexion and extension range of the cervical spine at 1 year, 2 years after surgery and at the last follow-up were (65.5±4.8)°, (78.3±6.5)° and (79.3±6.9)° respectively, which were significantly higher than that at 3 months after surgery [(54.3±4.4)°] ( P<0.05); It was further improved at 2 years after surgery and at the last follow-up compared with that at 1 year after surgery ( P<0.05), with no significant difference between the last follow-up and 2 years after surgery ( P>0.05). No intraoperative injuries such as arteriovenous injury were observed. No incision infection or dehiscence occurred after surgery, with no complications caused by long-term bed rest such as lung or urinary tract infection, pressure sore formation or deep vein thrombosis occurred. No loosening or breakage of the screw and atlas plate was observed at the long-term follow-up. One patient had mild cervical pain, snap during rotation, and limited range of motion at the last follow-up. Conclusion:Self-designed posterior atlas polyaxial screw-plate has merits including small surgical wounds, satisfactory reduction, solid fixation, obvious pain relief, effective preservation of the previous cervical motion, few complications, and satisfactory long-term efficacy in the treatment of unstable atlas fracture.

Objective:To explore the safety key points of total pancreaticoduodenectomy in the era of vascular resection technology and the important factors affecting rapid postoperative recovery.Methods:The clinical data of 52 patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent total pancreaticoduodenectomy in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from November 2014 to September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 34 males and 18 females, aged (62±9). The intraoperative situation, incidence of postoperative complication, postoperative blood glucose control and postoperative survival rate were analyzed.Results:All operations of the 52 patients were successfully completed, including 48 patients underwent total pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with portal vein resection and allograft vascular grafts via artery approach. The portal vein occlusion time was (20±5) min. The incidence of postoperative complications was 28.8% (15/52), including 2 cases of abnormal gastric empty, 2 cases of diarrhea, 2 cases of chylous fistula, 4 cases of abdominal infection, 1 case of gastrointestinal fistula, 3 cases of gastrointestinal bleeding, and 1 case of pulmonary infection. Subcutaneous short-acting insulin injection was used to control blood glucose in the early stage after surgery, short-acting insulin combined with long-acting insulin was used for subcutaneous injection before sleep for diet recovery. All patients did not experience uncontrolled hyperglycemia. The median survival time of 52 patients was 13 months, and the longest follow-up time was 38 months. There were 37 patients died of tumor recurrence, 4 patients died of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents, and 1 patient died of pulmonary infection in the 42 died patients.Conclusions:Total pancreaticoduodenectomy via artery approach can improve the R 0 resection rate in pancreatic cancer patients with vascular invasion, the rate of postoperative complication and mortality has no significant increase. The postoperative blood sugar control is satisfactory and the quality of life is guaranteed.