Objective: To study the protective effect in CCl4-induced liver injury by organoselenium from Se-enriched lactobacillus. Methods: (1) In the first series, forty-five animals were randomly divided into control (C) group, CCl4 group, CCl4 plus organoselenium group (CCl4-Se group). The liver injury was induced by abdominal injection of CCl4 every other day for 4 w. Changes of GSH-Px, CAT and SOD activities as well as MDA content in liver were estimated in the 2nd and 4th week after CCl4 injection respectively. (2) In the second series, forty-eight mice were randomly divided into C group, CCl4 group, CCl4 plus low dose organoselenium group (CCl4-LSe group) and CCl4 plus high dose organoselenium group (CCl4-HSe group). Changes of hepatocyte [Ca2+]i in animals in every group were investigated by means of confocal laser microscope on the 4th and 8th day after CCl4 injection respectively. Results: During the entire experimental period, liver MDA of CCl4 group was markedly superior to that of C and CCl4-Se groups, and the level of latter two groups was very close. The GSH-Px and CAT activities were higher in CCl4-Se group than in CCl4 group,but lower than that of C group. There were higher SOD activities in C and CCl4-Se groups compared to that in CCl4 group though without obvious difference. Average fluorescence pixels of hepatocyte [Ca2+]i in CCl4 group was 2.8 and 5.5 times higher than that of group C in the 4th and 8th day respectively,while those in CCl4-Se groups were significantly lower than those of CCl4 group, and close to C group. Conclusions: Organoselenium from Se-enriched lactobacillus, can protect hepatocyte [Ca2+]i homeostasis by reducing lipid peroxidation after CCl4 exposure.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in treating oronasal cavity hemorrhage,and to discuss the the occurrence and prevention of complications.Methods The clinical data of 121 patients with refractory and fatal oronasal cavity hemorrhage,who were admitted to authors' hospital during the period from December 2005 to October 2013 to receive treatment,were retrospectively analyzed.A total of 116 patients were treated with TAE,and these patients were followed up for 1-3 months to evaluate the embolization effect and the occurrence of procedure-related complications was analyzed.Results Of the 116 patients,complete control of bleeding after TAE was achieved in 96 (82.7％),rebleeding within one week after TAE was seen in 19 (16.4％) and the bleeding was controlled by medication,and in the remaining one (0.9％) re-bleeding occurred within one week after TAE and embolization therapy had to be carried out again.No obvious complications occurred in 77 patients (66.4％);maxillofacial pain and numbness,low fever,limitation of mouth opening and other mild complications were observed in 35 patients (30.1％);one patient (0.9％) developed facial skin necrosis and severe headache;and 3 patients (2.6％) showed stroke symptoms due to cerebral embolism.Conclusion For the treatment of refractory and fatal oronasal cavity hemorrhage,TAE can quickly and effectively achieve the purpose of hemostasis;careful selection of proper embolization material based on the the different causes of bleeding and the responsible blood vessels is the key to ensure a successful TAE.The common postoperative complications include postembolization syndrome,local ischemia,local necrosis caused by peripheral ischemia;the main serious complications are skin necrosis of maxillofacial region and cerebral infarction caused by ectopic embolization.

Aim To investigate the effect of gelsemium alkaloids on chloride channels and cell volume in he-patic carcinoma cells. Methods The time-lapse live cell imaging and whole-cell patch clamp techniques were used respectively to detect the volume changes and currents induced by gelsemium alkaloids in HepG2 cells. Results It was found that the cell volume was decreased by (12. 48 ± 2. 2) % (P<0. 01) when ex-posed to gelsemium alkaloids for 50 min and this phe-nomenon could be inhibited by the chloride channel blocker tamoxifen. It was shown by whole-cell patch clamping that a chloride current could be evoked by extracellular application of gelsemium alkaloids ( 2μmol·L-1 ) . The current was outward-rectified with-out obvious voltage- and time-dependent inactivation. The reversal potential of the current was ( -3. 21 ± 0. 67) mV ,which was close to the equilibrium poten-tial of chloride. The extracellular application of the chloride blockers, tamoxifen and 5-notro-2-(3-phenyl-propylamino)benzoic acid (NPPB), and 47% hyper-tonic solution inhibited the current significantly ( P <0. 01 ) . Conclusion Gelsemium alkaloids could acti-vate chloride channels and induce a volume decrease ( named apoptotic volume decrease, AVD) , and these effect could be inhibited by chloride channel blockers. The results suggest that the chloride channel can be one of the targets of gelsemium alkaloids in their anti-cancer action.

The aim of this study is to establish a multiplex polymerase chain raction (PCR) to identify of four kinds of laboratory animal pathogens: Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Methods Specific primers were designed based on GenBank data.The multiplex PCR system was established through optimization of multiple PCR and detection of its specificity and sensitivity.This technique was used to test artificially infected samples and tracheal secretions of experimental animals (rat, mouse, guinea pig, rabbit, hamster), and comparing the detection results by this method and traditional detection test.Results Target bands of Pasteurella multocida (356 bp), Bordetella bronchiseptica (237 bp), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (266 bp), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (142 bp) were obtained, with a detection sensitivity of Klebsiella pneumoniae of 10 pg, and that of Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica and Mycoplasma pneumoniae of 1 pg by this newly developed multiplex PCR assay.No target bands were observed from the non-specific pathogens of artificially infected samples.The tracheal secretions taken from 45 experimental animals (mice and rabbits) were tested with this new PCR assay, among which 15 cases of Klebsiella pneumonia and 9 cases of Pasteurella multocida were detected as positive, while all the results of traditional method and serological test were negative.Conclusions A simple, rapid, specific and highly sensitive multiplex PCR system has been successfully established.It is valuable for detection of Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae in laboratory animals.

Aim To investigate the roles of chloride channels in the apoptosis and apoptotic volume de-crease (AVD)induced by adriamycin in nasopharyn-geal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells.Methods Apoptotic rates were detected by flow cytometry,and the volume changes were measured by the time-lapse live cell ima-ging technique.The patch clamp technique was used to record whole-cell chloride currents.Results Adria-mycin induced apoptosis of CNE-2Z cells.An early ap-optotic volume decrease was observed in the cell trea-ted with adriamycin.The cell volume was decreased by about 10% in 2 h.Adriamycin activated a chloride current which showed outward rectification.The chlo-ride channel blocker 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoate (NPPB ) could inhibit the adriamycin-in-duced chloride currents,apoptosis and prevent cell shrinkage.Conclusions Our findings suggest that ad-riamycin causes cell apoptosis by activation of chloride channels.Chloride channels may be involved in the apoptosis and apoptotic volume decrease induced by adriamycin in CNE-2Z cells.

Objective To investigate the effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of S100A4 expression on the inva?sion and migration of SNB19 glioma cells. Methods The S100A4 expression was knockdowned using S100A4 siRNA in SNB19 glioma cells. Glioma cells were assigned into control group,siRNA-negative control treated group (siRNA-NC) and siRNA-S100A4 group. RT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of S100A4, respectively. The wound-healing assay and transwell invasion assay were used to determine the ability of migration and invasion of SNB19 glioma cells, respectively. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), matrix metallopro?teinase 2 (MMP-2) and E-cadherin proteins were evaluated by using western blot. Moreover, the morphology of lamellipo?dia of glioma cells were examined by using inverted phase-contrast microscopy. Results The mRNA and protein expres?sion levels of S100A4 was obviously down-regulated after transfection of S100A4 siRNA. Compared with control group, the mRNA expression levels of S100A4 in siRNA-NC group and siRNA-S100A4 group were 0.97±0.07 and 0.21±0.04,respectively(P<0.01). The protein expression levels of S100A4 in control, siRNA-NC and siRNA-S100A4 groups were 78.12%±2.63%, 77.16%±3.00%and 37.95%±2.71%, respectively(P<0.01). The migration and invasiveness capability were decreased up to 46% and 55% in the siRNA-S100A4 group compared with the control group(P<0.01). The pro?tein expression levels of MMP-9 and MMP-2 were inhibited up to 62% and 68%(P<0.01)whereas the expression of E-cadherin was increased up to 154%(P<0.01)in the siRNA-S100A4 group. The lamellipodia became smaller or unex?tended in siRNA-S100A4-treated SNB19 glioma cells. Conclusion S100A4 plays an important role in the invasion and migration of glioma cells, suggesting that S100A4 might be a potential candidate for anti-glioma strategy to prevent the invasion and migration of glioma cells.

Aim To clarify the effect of Borneol on the chloride channels and cell volume in poorly differentia-ted nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells.Methods The technique of whole-cell patch clamp was used to detect the chloride currents and analyze the character-istics of the currents in CNE-2Z cells.The volume changes caused by Borneol were measured by the meth-od of time-lapse live cell imaging.Results The chlo-ride currents were induced by extracellular application of Borneol (20 μmol·L -1 )isotonic condition.The currents showed a characteristic of outward rectification and did not show voltage-dependent or time-dependent inactivation.The reversal potential of the currents was close to the CI-equilibrium potential. The currents were inhibited by the chloride channel blocker tamox-ifen.The currents were also inhibited by 47% hyper-tonic solution.Borneol decreased the cell volume by 9.4% in 30 min.Tamoxifen completely inhibited the Borneol-induced cell volume decrease.Conclusion Borneol can activate volume-sensitive chloride channels and induce volume decrease in CNE-2Z cells.Chloride channels play a pivotal role in the process of volume decrease caused by Borneol.

BACKGROUNDStudies suggested that exogenous ghrelin administration could prevent early left ventricular remodeling in rats with myocardial infarction. We investigated herein whether ghrelin attenuated left ventricular remodeling induced by hypertension and whether ghrelin's effect was mediated through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma)-dependent pathway.

METHODSSpontaneously hypertensive rats (8-week-old males) were randomly divided into three groups with 12 rats in each: ghrelin group (received ghrelin 100 microg/kg subcutaneously (s.c.) twice daily); ghrelin + GW9662 group (received the PPAR-gamma antagonist GW9662 at 2 mg/kg s.c., and then ghrelin as above); saline controls. Normal male Wistar Kyoto rats (n = 12) served as normal controls. Four weeks later, the effects of ghrelin on cardiac remodeling were evaluated by echocardiographic, hemodynamic, and histopathological examination, and gene expression analysis (PPAR-gamma protein and mRNA expression). The serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTSGhrelin prevented ventricular remodeling, increased PPAR-gamma expression in the myocardium, suppressed collagen I and collagen III mRNA expression, and also decreased the serum levels of TNF-alpha, but not CRP. All abovementioned effects of ghrelin were inhibited by GW9662.

CONCLUSIONGhrelin inhibited ventricular remodeling induced by hypertension, and the preventive effects of ghrelin may be mediated by the anti-inflammatory actions of the PPAR-gamma-dependent pathway.

Anilides ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Collagen ; genetics ; metabolism ; Echocardiography ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Ghrelin ; pharmacology ; Male ; PPAR gamma ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Inbred WKY ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; Ventricular Remodeling ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo preliminarily explore the relationship between thrombosis and its associated factors in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) of turbidity-phlegm blocking syndrome (TPB), and to study its acting mechanism.

METHODSPlasma levels of thrombosis-associated factors, including Von Willebrand factor: (vWF), D-dimer, and fibrinogen (Fg), in 85 patients of CHD with TPB, 93 with CHD of non-TPD, and 89 healthy persons were detected and compared.

RESULTSLevels of the three factors were increased in all the CHD: patients, and were higher in TPB patients than in non-TPB patients (P<0.01 or P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe TPB: syndrome in CHD patients was closely related to the blood coagulation-fibrinolytic system; they might be in pre-thrombosis state, and the plasma levels of vWF, D-dimer, and Fg could be taken as the objective indices for thrombosis differentiation of TPB syndrome in CHD patients.

Case-Control Studies ; Coronary Disease ; blood ; physiopathology ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products ; metabolism ; Fibrinogen ; analysis ; Humans ; Thrombosis ; blood ; physiopathology ; von Willebrand Factor ; metabolism